Myelofibrosis: menene menene, alamomi, dalilai da magani

Wadatacce

• Myelofibrosis bayyanar cututtuka
• Me ya sa yake faruwa
• Ganewar asali na myelofibrosis
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Myelofibrosis wani nau'in cuta ne wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba saboda maye gurbi wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin ɓarin ƙashi, wanda ke haifar da rikici cikin tsarin yaduwar ƙwayoyin halitta da sigina. Sakamakon maye gurbi, akwai ƙaruwa cikin samar da ƙwayoyin halitta marasa haɗari wanda ke haifar da samuwar tabo a cikin ɓarin ƙashi a tsawon lokaci.

Saboda yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta, myelofibrosis wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar canje-canje na jini da aka sani da myeloproliferative neoplasia. Wannan cuta tana da saurin rikidar halitta kuma, don haka, alamomi da alamomin cutar suna bayyana ne a matakan ci gaban cutar, duk da haka yana da mahimmanci a fara magani da zaran an gano cutar don hana ci gaban cutar da ci gaba zuwa cutar sankarar bargo, misali.

Maganin cutar myelofibrosis ya dogara da shekarun mutum da kuma matsayin myelofibrosis, kuma yana iya zama dole ayi wani daskarewar kashi don warkar da mutum, ko amfani da magungunan da ke taimakawa wajen magance alamomin da hana ci gaban cutar.

Myelofibrosis bayyanar cututtuka

Myelofibrosis cuta ce ta saurin saurin haɓaka kuma, sabili da haka, baya haifar da bayyanar alamu da alamomi a farkon matakan cutar. Kwayar cutar galibi tana bayyana ne lokacin da cutar ta ci gaba, kuma ana iya samun:

• Anemia;
• Gajiya da rauni mai yawa;
• Ofarancin numfashi;
• Fata mai haske;
• Rashin jin daɗin ciki;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Zufar dare;
• Yawaitar cututtuka;
• Rage nauyi da ci;
• Liverara hanta da baƙin ciki;
• Jin zafi a cikin kasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa.

Tunda wannan cuta tana da saurin rikidar halitta kuma ba ta da wata alama ta halayya, ana yin binciken ne yayin da mutum ya je likita don bincika dalilin da ya sa suke yawan jin kasala kuma, daga gwaje-gwajen da aka yi, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cutar.

Yana da mahimmanci a fara gano asali da magani a matakan farko na cutar domin kaucewa samuwar cutar da ci gaba da rikitarwa, kamar juyin halittar cutar sankarar jini da gabobin jiki.

Me ya sa yake faruwa

Myelofibrosis yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi wanda ke faruwa a cikin DNA kuma hakan yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin kwayar halitta, haɓakawa da mutuwa.Wadannan maye gurbi an same su, ma'ana, ba a gadonsu ta asali kuma, sabili da haka, ɗan mutumin da ke da cutar myelofibrosis ba lallai bane ya kamu da cutar. Dangane da asalinta, ana iya rarraba myelofibrosis cikin:

• Myelofibrosis na farko, wanda ba shi da takamaiman dalili;
• Secondary myelofibrosis, wanda shine sakamakon juyin halittar wasu cututtuka kamar su ciwon daji na metastatic da mahimmin thrombocythemia.

Kusan 50% na shari'ar myelofibrosis suna da tabbaci ga maye gurbi a cikin Janus Kinase gene (JAK 2), wanda ake kira JAK2 V617F, wanda a cikin sa, saboda maye gurbi a cikin wannan kwayar, akwai canji a tsarin siginar sigina, sakamakon hakan a cikin halayyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na halayen cutar. Bugu da kari, an gano cewa mutanen da ke da cutar myelofibrosis suma suna da maye gurbin kwayar halittar MPL, wanda kuma ke da nasaba da canje-canje a tsarin yaduwar kwayar.

Ganewar asali na myelofibrosis

Ganewar cutar myelofibrosis ana yin ta ne ta hanyar likitan jini ko masanin ilimin kankara ta hanyar kimanta alamomi da alamomin da mutum ya gabatar da kuma sakamakon gwajin da aka nema, galibi yawan jini da gwajin kwayoyin don gano maye gurbi da ya shafi cutar.

A yayin tantance alamomi da gwajin jiki, likita na iya lura da kwayar halitta, wanda ya yi daidai da kara girman kwayar, wanda shine kwayar da ke da alhakin lalata da samar da kwayoyin halittar jini, da kuma bargon kashin. Koyaya, kamar yadda yake a cikin myelofibrosis ɓacin kashi ya lalace, yawan saifa ya wuce, yana haifar da faɗaɗa shi.

Countididdigar jinin mutumin da ke da myelofibrosis yana da wasu canje-canje waɗanda ke ba da hujjar alamun bayyanar da mutum ya gabatar da kuma nuna matsaloli a cikin ɓarin ƙashi, kamar ƙaruwar adadin leukocytes da platelet, kasancewar manya-manyan platelets, raguwar adadin na jan jini, karuwar adadin erythroblasts, waxanda sune jajayen jinin da basu balaga ba, da kuma kasancewar dacryocytes, waxanda suke da jajayen halittun jini a cikin wani nau'i na digo wanda kuma yawanci suna bayyana suna yawo a cikin jini yayin da akwai canje-canje a cikin bargo. Learnara koyo game da dacryocytes.

Baya ga ƙididdigar jini, ana yin gwajin myelogram da ƙwayoyin cuta don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Myelogram yana nufin gano alamun da ke nuna cewa ɓarkewar ƙashi ya sami rauni, a cikin yanayin akwai alamun da ke nuna fibrosis, hypercellularity, mafi yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙashi da ƙaru a cikin yawan megakaryocytes, waɗanda sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ga platelet. Myelogram gwajin gwaji ne, kuma, don aiwatarwa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da maganin rigakafin gida, saboda ana amfani da allura mai kauri da zata iya kaiwa ga ɓangaren cikin ƙashi kuma a tattara kayan ɓargo. Fahimci yadda ake yin myelogram.

Ana yin binciken kwayar don tabbatar da cutar ta hanyar gano maye gurbin JAK2 V617F da MPL, wadanda ke nuna myelofibrosis.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin myelofibrosis na iya bambanta gwargwadon tsananin cutar da shekarun mutum, kuma a wasu lokuta ana iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na JAK, hana ci gaban cutar da sauƙar alamomin.

A cikin yanayin matsakaici da haɗari, ana ba da shawarar dashen ƙashi don inganta ingantaccen aiki na ƙashi kuma, don haka, yana yiwuwa a inganta ci gaba. Duk da kasancewa wani nau'in magani wanda zai iya inganta maganin cutar myelofibrosis, dasawar kashin kashi yana da matukar tashin hankali kuma yana da alaƙa da matsaloli da yawa. Duba ƙarin game da dashen ƙwayar ɓarke ​​da rikitarwa.