Neuroblastoma: menene menene, bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban alamu da alamomi
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Neuroblastoma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne wanda ke shafar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu juyayi, wanda ke da alhakin shirya jiki don amsawa cikin gaggawa da yanayin damuwa. Irin wannan kumburin yana tasowa a cikin yara har zuwa shekaru 5, amma ganewar cutar ya fi faruwa tsakanin shekaru 1 da 2, kuma zai iya farawa a jijiyoyin kirji, kwakwalwa, ciki ko cikin gland din da ke kan kowace koda.

Yaran da ke ƙasa da shekara 1 kuma tare da ƙananan ciwowi suna da babbar damar warkewa, musamman lokacin da aka kafa su da wuri. Lokacin da aka gano asali da wuri kuma bai gabatar da metastases ba, ana iya cire neuroblastoma ta hanyar tiyata ba tare da buƙatar rediyo ko maganin antineoplastic ba. Don haka, ganewar farko na neuroblastoma yana da tasiri mai tasiri ga rayuwar yaro da ingancin rayuwarsa.

Babban alamu da alamomi

Alamu da alamomin cutar neuroblastoma sun bambanta gwargwadon wuri da girman kumburin, ban da shin an yaɗa ko a'a kuma ko ƙwayar tana samar da hormones.

Gabaɗaya, alamu da alamun alamun neuroblastoma sune:

• Ciwon ciki da fadadawa;
• Ciwon ƙashi;
• Rashin ci;
• Rage nauyi;
• Babban rashin lafiya;
• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Gudawa;
• Hawan jini, saboda samar da sinadarai daga kwayoyin cuta wanda yake haifar da cutar vasoconstriction na tasoshin;
• Fadada hanta;
• Idanun kumbura;
• Alibai daban-daban;
• Rashin zufa;
• Ciwon kai;
• Kumburi a kafafu;
• Wahalar numfashi;
• Fitowar raunuka;
• Bayyanar nodules a ciki, lumbar, wuya ko kirji.

Yayinda ƙari ya girma kuma ya bazu, alamun bayyanar da suka fi dacewa da shafin yanar gizo na ƙwayar cuta na iya bayyana. Tun da alamun ba takamammen bayani ba ne, suna iya bambanta daga yaro zuwa yaro, suna iya zama kamar sauran cututtuka, kuma yawan cutar ba ta da yawa, ba a gano neuroblastoma sau da yawa. Duk da haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci a gano cutar da wuri-wuri don kauce wa yada kumburin da kuma tsananta cutar.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar neuroblastoma ana yin ta ne ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwajen hotunan da ya kamata likita ya ba da shawarar, tunda ganewar asali bisa alamomin kadai ba zai yiwu ba. Daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka nema akwai sinadarin catecholamines a cikin fitsari, wadanda sune kwayoyi wadanda kwayoyin halitta masu juyayi ke samarwa, wanda kuma a hanyoyin jini suke haifar da kwayoyin halittun wadanda fitsari ya tabbatar da yawan su.

Kari akan haka, ana nuna cikakken gwajin jini da gwajin hoto, kamar su kirji da ciki X-ray, duban dan tayi, daukar hoto, yanayin maganaɗisu da ƙashin ƙashi, alal misali. Don kammala ganewar asali, ana iya buƙatar biopsy don tabbatar da cewa cuta ce mai illa. Fahimci abin da ake yi da yadda ake yin biopsy.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin neuroblastoma ana yin shi ne gwargwadon shekarun mutum, kiwon lafiyarsa gaba ɗaya, wurin da kumburin yake, girmansa da kuma matakin cutar. A matakan farko, ana yin magani ne kawai tare da tiyata don cire kumburin, ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin magani ba.

Koyaya, a cikin yanayin da aka gano metastasis, chemotherapy na iya zama dole don rage yawan adadin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma, sakamakon haka, girman ƙari, biyo bayan tiyata da ƙarin magani tare da chemotherapy da radiotherapy. A wasu lamuran da suka fi tsanani, musamman lokacin da yaro ya yi ƙuruciya, ana iya bada shawarar dashen ƙashi a bayan chemo da radiotherapy.