Yaya Kusa Kusa da Maganin Ciwon Cutar Marasa Lafiya?

Wadatacce

• Bayani
• Sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da cutar
• Magungunan gwaji
• Dabarun da ake amfani da bayanai don magance magunguna
• Ci gaba a binciken kwayar halitta
• Nazarin gut microbiome
• Takeaway

Bayani

A halin yanzu babu magani don cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa da yawa (MS) har yanzu. Koyaya, a cikin recentan shekarun nan, sababbin magunguna sun samu wadatar don taimakawa jinkirin ci gaban cutar da kuma kula da alamunta.

Masu bincike suna ci gaba da haɓaka sababbin jiyya da ƙarin koyo game da sababi da abubuwan haɗarin wannan cuta.

Karanta don koyo game da wasu sabbin ci gaban magani da hanyoyin samun damar bincike.

Sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da cutar

Magungunan gyaran ƙwayoyin cuta (DMTs) sune babban rukuni na magungunan da ake amfani dasu don kula da MS. Zuwa yau, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince da fiye da dozin DMTs don nau'ikan MS daban-daban.

Mafi kwanan nan, FDA ta yarda:

• Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). Yana kula da sake dawo da nau'ikan MS da kuma MS mai ci gaba na farko (PPMS). Wannan shine za a yarda da shi don magance PPMS kuma ɗayan da aka yarda da shi ga duk nau'ikan MS guda huɗu.
• Fingolimod (Gilenya). Wannan magani yana kula da yara na MS. An riga an amince da shi don manya. A cikin 2018, ya zama DMT na farko da aka amince da shi.
• Cladribine (Mavenclad). An yarda da shi don magance sake dawo da MS (RRMS) da kuma ci gaba mai saurin ci gaba MS (SPMS).
• Siponimod (Mayzent). An yarda da shi don magance RRMS, Active SPMS, da cututtukan cututtuka na asibiti (CIS). A cikin gwaji na asibiti na lokaci na III, ya rage saurin komowar mutane da ke aiki da SPMS. Idan aka kwatanta da placebo, ya yanke ragin dawowa zuwa rabi.
• Diroximel fumarate (Rashin ƙarfi). An yarda da wannan magani don bi da RRMS, Active SPMS, da CIS. Ya yi kama da dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), tsofaffin DMT. Koyaya, yana haifar da sakamako masu illa kaɗan na ciki.
• Ozanimod (Zeposia). An yarda da wannan magani don magance CIS, RRMS, da SPMS mai aiki. Yana da sabuwar DMT da za a kara a kasuwa kuma an amince da FDA a cikin Maris 2020.

Yayinda aka amince da sababbin jiyya, an cire wani magani daga ɗakunan kantin magani.

A watan Maris na 2018, daclizumab (Zinbryta) an janye shi daga kasuwanni a duniya. Wannan maganin ya daina kasancewa don kula da MS.

Magungunan gwaji

Sauran magunguna da yawa suna aiki ta hanyar bututun bincike. A cikin karatun kwanan nan, wasu daga cikin waɗannan magunguna sun nuna alƙawari don magance MS.

Misali:

• Sakamakon sabon gwaji na asibiti na II ya nuna cewa ibudilast na iya taimakawa rage ci gaban nakasa a cikin mutane tare da MS. Don ƙarin koyo game da wannan magani, masana'antar na shirin gudanar da gwaji na zamani na III.
• Sakamakon karamin binciken da aka buga a cikin 2017 ya nuna cewa fumarate na clemastine na iya taimakawa wajen dawo da rigar kariya a kusa da jijiyoyi a cikin mutane tare da sake fasalin MS. Wannan maganin antihistamine na baka a halin yanzu ana sameshi akan kanshi amma ba a cikin maganin da aka yi amfani dashi ba a gwajin asibiti. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don nazarin fa'idodi mai fa'ida da haɗarinsa na kula da MS.

Wadannan sune kadan daga cikin magungunan da ake karantasu a halin yanzu. Don koyo game da gwaji na asibiti na yanzu da nan gaba don MS, ziyarci ClinicalTrials.gov.

Dabarun da ake amfani da bayanai don magance magunguna

Godiya ga ci gaban sababbin magunguna don MS, mutane suna da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan magani don zaɓar daga.

Don taimakawa jagorar yanke shawara, masana kimiyya suna amfani da manyan rumbunan adana bayanai da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don ƙoƙarin fayyace mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓukan magani don nau'ikan marasa lafiya daban-daban, in ji Multiungiyar Magungunan Sclerosis ta Amurka.

A ƙarshe, wannan binciken na iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya da likitoci sanin ko wane magani ne mai yiwuwa ya yi musu aiki.

Ci gaba a binciken kwayar halitta

Don fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da halayen haɗarin MS, masana ƙirar gado da sauran masana kimiyya suna haɗuwa da kwayar halittar mutum don alamu.

Membobin International MS Genetics Consortium sun gano fiye da nau'ikan jinsin 200 da ke hade da MS. Misali, wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano wasu sabbin kwayoyin halittu hudu da ke da nasaba da yanayin.

A ƙarshe, binciken kamar wannan na iya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su haɓaka sabbin dabaru da kayan aikin hango ko faɗi, hanawa, da magance MS.

Nazarin gut microbiome

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana kimiyya sun fara nazarin rawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanjinmu ke iya takawa wajen ci gaba da ci gaban MS. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kwayoyin cuta an san ta da ƙwayar mu microbiome.

Ba duk kwayoyin cuta bane suke cutarwa. A hakikanin gaskiya, yawancin kwayoyin “abokai” suna rayuwa a jikinmu kuma suna taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin garkuwarmu.

Lokacin da ragowar kwayoyin cuta a jikinmu ya kare, zai iya haifar da kumburi. Wannan na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtukan cikin jiki, gami da MS.

Bincike a cikin ƙwayar microbiome na iya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su fahimci dalilin da ya sa mutane ke haɓaka MS. Hakanan zai iya buɗe hanya don sababbin hanyoyin kulawa, gami da tsoma bakin abinci da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.

Takeaway

Masana kimiyya suna ci gaba da samun sabon haske game da abubuwan haɗarin da dalilan MS har ma da dabarun magani.

An yarda da sababbin magunguna a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Sauran sun nuna alƙawari a cikin gwajin asibiti.

Waɗannan ci gaban suna taimakawa inganta ƙoshin lafiya da jin daɗin mutane da yawa waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da wannan yanayin yayin ƙarfafa fata don samun waraka.