Gina Jiki da Rikicin Metabolism

Wadatacce

• Ta yaya metabolism ke aiki?
• Menene cuta ta rayuwa?
• Menene ke haifar da rikicewar rayuwa?
• Iri na cuta na rayuwa
• Ciwon Gaucher
• Glucose galactose malabsorption
• Hemochromatosis na gado
• Cutar Maple syrup (MSUD)
• Yankuniya (PKU)
• Outlook

Ta yaya metabolism ke aiki?

Metabolism shine tsarin sunadarai wanda jikinku ke amfani dashi don canza abincin da kuke ci zuwa mai wanda yake kiyaye ku.

Gina Jiki (abinci) ya ƙunshi sunadarai, carbohydrates, da mai. Wadannan abubuwa sun lalace ta hanyar enzymes a cikin tsarin narkewar ku, sannan a dauke su zuwa sel inda za'a iya amfani da su azaman mai. Jikinka ko dai yayi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan nan da nan, ko adana su a cikin hanta, ƙoshin jiki, da ƙwayoyin tsoka don amfani daga baya.

Menene cuta ta rayuwa?

Rashin lafiya na rayuwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin maye gurbin ya kasa kuma ya sa jiki ya sami da yawa ko ƙananan abubuwa masu mahimmanci da ake buƙata don zama cikin ƙoshin lafiya.

Jikinmu yana da matukar damuwa ga kurakurai a cikin metabolism. Jiki dole ne ya sami amino acid da nau'ikan sunadarai da yawa don aiwatar da dukkan ayyukanta. Misali, kwakwalwa na bukatar sinadarin calcium, potassium, da sodium don samar da motsin lantarki, da kuma ruwan leda (mai da mai) don kula da lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki.

Rashin ƙwayar cuta na rayuwa na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan da yawa. Wannan ya hada da:

• enzyme da aka rasa ko bitamin da ke wajaba don mahimmin tasirin sinadarai
• halayen halayen haɗari waɗanda ke hana tafiyar matakai na rayuwa
• wata cuta a cikin hanta, pancreas, endocrine gland, ko wasu gabobin da ke cikin metabolism
• Karancin abinci mai gina jiki

Menene ke haifar da rikicewar rayuwa?

Kuna iya haifar da cuta na rayuwa idan wasu gabobi - alal misali, pancreas ko hanta - sun daina aiki yadda yakamata. Wadannan nau'ikan rikice-rikice na iya zama sakamakon kwayar halittar jini, rashi a wani sinadarin hormone ko enzyme, yawan cin wasu abinci, ko wasu abubuwan.

Akwai daruruwan cututtukan cututtukan kwayoyin da ake samu sakamakon maye gurbi na kwayoyin halittu guda daya. Wadannan maye gurbi na iya yaduwa ta zuriyar dangi. Dangane da wannan, wasu jinsin kabilu ko kabilu sun fi saurin yada kwayoyin halittar maye gurbin wasu cututtukan haihuwa. Mafi mahimmanci daga waɗannan sune:

• cutar sikila anemia a Afirka ta Amurka
• cystic fibrosis a cikin mutanen Turai
• Maple syrup cutar fitsari a cikin al'ummomin Mennonite
• Cutar cutar Gaucher a cikin yahudawa daga Yammacin Turai
• hemochromatosis a cikin Caucasians a Amurka

Iri na cuta na rayuwa

Ciwon sukari shine mafi yawan cututtuka na rayuwa. Akwai ciwon sukari iri biyu:

• Nau'i na 1, wanda ba a san musababbin saninsa ba, kodayake ana iya samun matsalar kwayar halitta.
• Nau'i na 2, wanda za a iya samu, ko kuma haifar da wasu dalilai na asali.

Dangane da Diungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka, yara da manya miliyan 30.3, ko kuma kusan kashi 9.4 na yawan jama'ar Amurka suna da ciwon suga.

A cikin ciwon sukari na 1, ƙwayoyin T suna kai hari kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin beta a cikin ƙoshin ciki, ƙwayoyin da ke samar da insulin. Yawancin lokaci, rashin insulin na iya haifar da:

• lalacewar jijiya da koda
• rashin gani
• karuwar hadarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini

An gano ɗaruruwan kuskuren da aka haifa a cikin ƙwayar cuta (IEM), kuma mafi yawansu ba su da yawa. Koyaya, an kiyasta cewa IEM gaba ɗaya yana shafar 1 cikin kowane jarirai 1,000. Yawancin waɗannan rikice-rikicen za a iya magance su ta hanyar iyakance cin abincin abincin ko abubuwan da jiki ba zai iya aiwatarwa ba.

Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki da rikicewar rayuwa sun haɗa da:

Ciwon Gaucher

Wannan yanayin yana haifar da rashin iya fasa wani nau'in kitse, wanda ke taruwa a cikin hanta, saifa, da bargon ƙashi. Wannan gazawar na iya haifar da ciwo, lalacewar kashi, har ma da mutuwa. An yi amfani da shi tare da maganin maye gurbin enzyme.

Glucose galactose malabsorption

Wannan nakasa ce ta safarar glucose da galactose a cikin layin ciki wanda ke haifar da tsananin gudawa da rashin ruwa a jiki. Ana sarrafa cututtukan ta hanyar cire lactose, sucrose, da glucose daga abincin.

Hemochromatosis na gado

A wannan yanayin, ana sanya baƙin ƙarfe a cikin gabobi da yawa, kuma zai iya haifar da:

• hanta cirrhosis
• ciwon hanta
• ciwon sukari
• ciwon zuciya

Ana magance shi ta hanyar cire jini daga jiki (phlebotomy) akai-akai.

Cutar Maple syrup (MSUD)

MSUD yana lalata tasirin wasu amino acid, wanda ke haifar da saurin lalacewar jijiyoyin. Idan ba ayi magani ba, yana haifar da mutuwa a tsakanin fewan watannin farko bayan haihuwa. Jiyya ya haɗa da iyakance abincin mai amino acid.

Yankuniya (PKU)

PKU yana haifar da rashin iya samar da enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar gabobi, raunin hankali, da kuma yanayin da ba a saba gani ba. Ana magance shi ta hanyar iyakance cin abincin wasu nau'ikan furotin.

Outlook

Rikici na rayuwa yana da rikitarwa sosai kuma yana da wuya. Duk da haka, suna cikin batun ci gaba da bincike, wanda kuma ke taimaka wa masana kimiyya don su fahimci ainihin dalilan da ke haifar da matsalolin da suka fi yawa kamar lactose, sucrose, da rashin haƙuri na glucose, da kuma yawaitar wasu sunadarai.

Idan kana da cuta na rayuwa, zaka iya aiki tare da likitanka don neman tsarin maganin da ya dace maka.