Menene Pancytopenia, alamomi da kuma manyan dalilan

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar pancytopenia
• Yaya ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Pancytopenia yayi daidai da raguwar dukkan kwayoyin halittar jini, ma’ana, shi ne raguwar adadin jajayen kwayoyin jini, leukocytes da platelet, wanda ke haifar da alamomi da alamomi kamar su plor, gajiya, bugu, zub da jini, zazzabi da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.

Zai iya tashi ko dai saboda raguwar samar da kwayoyin halitta ta jijiyar ƙashi, saboda yanayi irin su ƙarancin bitamin, cututtukan jini, cutar sankarar bargo ko leishmaniasis, da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini, saboda rigakafi ko cututtukan motsa jiki masu motsawa. na baƙin ciki, misali.

Dole ne ayi magani na pancytopenia bisa ga ka'idojin babban likitan ko kuma likitan jini bisa ga dalilin pancytopenia, wanda ya hada da amfani da sinadarin corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, maganin rigakafi, karin jini, ko kuma cire gyambo, alal misali, wanda Ana nuna su ne kawai bisa ga bukatun kowane mai haƙuri.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Alamomi da alamomin cutar pancytopenia suna da nasaba da raguwar jan jini, leukocytes da platelets a cikin jini, manyan su sune:

Ya danganta da lamarin, akwai kuma alamun da alamun da ke haifar da cutar da ke haifar da pancytopenia, kamar ciki da ya karu saboda girman ƙwanji, ƙarar lymph nodes, rashin daidaito a cikin ƙasusuwa ko canje-canje a cikin fata, misali.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar pancytopenia

Pancytopenia na iya faruwa saboda yanayi guda biyu: lokacin da kashin baya samar da kwayoyin jini daidai ko kuma lokacin da kashin kashin yayi daidai amma kwayoyin sun lalace a cikin jini. Babban Sanadin pancytopenia sune:

• Amfani da magunguna masu guba, kamar wasu maganin rigakafi, chemotherapy, antidepressants, anticonvulsants da sedatives;
• Illar radiation ko wakilan sunadarai, kamar su benzene ko DDT, misali;
• Ficarancin bitamin B12 ko folic acid a cikin abinci;
• Cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kamar cutar Fanconi, rashin jin daɗin haihuwa ko cutar Gaucher;
• Ciwon ɓarna, kamar su myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis ko nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria;
• Autoimmune cututtuka, kamar su lupus, Ciwon Sjögren ko rashin lafiyar lymphoproliferative;
• Cututtuka masu cututtuka, kamar su leishmaniasis, brucellosis, tarin fuka ko HIV;
• Ciwon daji, kamar cutar sankarar bargo, myeloma mai yawa, myelofibrosis ko metastasis na wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa zuwa jijiyar ƙashi.
• Cututtukan da ke motsa aikin saifa da kwayoyin kariya na jiki don lalata kwayoyin jini, kamar hanta cirrhosis, cututtukan myeloproliferative da cututtukan hemophagocytic.

Bugu da kari, manyan cututtukan cututtukan da kwayoyin cuta ko kwayar cuta ke haifarwa, kamar su cytomegalovirus (CMV), na iya haifar da da ƙarfi na rigakafi a cikin jiki, wanda ke iya lalata ƙwayoyin jini a cikin hanzari yayin kamuwa da cutar.

Yaya ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar pancytopenia ana yin ta ne ta hanyar cikakken lissafin jini, inda a ciki ake duba matakan jan jini, leukocytes da ragowar platelets a cikin jini. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci gano dalilin da ya haifar da cutar pancytopenia, wanda yakamata ayi ta hanyar kimanta babban likitan ko kuma likitan jini ta hanyar lura da tarihin asibiti da kuma gwajin jiki da aka yiwa mai haƙuri. Bugu da kari, ana iya ba da shawarar wasu gwaje-gwajen don gano dalilin cutar ta pancytopenia, kamar su:

• Umarfin baƙin ƙarfe, ferritin, juyawar jikewa da ƙididdigar reticulocyte;
• Yanayin bitamin B12 da folic acid;
• Binciken kamuwa da cuta;
• Tsarin jini;
• Gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi, irin su Coombs kai tsaye;
• Myelogram, wanda a ciki ake son ƙashin ƙashi don samun ƙarin bayani game da halayen ƙwayoyin a wannan wurin. Duba yadda ake yin myelogram da lokacin da aka nuna shi;
• Psywayar ƙashin ƙashi, wanda ke kimanta halaye na ƙwayoyin halitta, kasancewar shigar ciki ta sankara ko wasu cututtuka da fibrosis. Gano yadda ake yin kasusuwa na kasusuwa da abin da ake yi.

Hakanan ana iya yin odar takamaiman gwaje-gwaje don cutar da likitan ke zargi, kamar rigakafin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta don myeloma da yawa ko al'adun bargo don gano cututtuka, kamar su leishmaniasis, misali.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin pancytopenia yana jagoranta ne ta hanyar likitan jini bisa ga musababbinsa, kuma yana iya hadawa da amfani da magungunan da suke aiki a kan rigakafi, kamar su Methylprednisolone ko Prednisone, ko masu rigakafi, kamar su Cyclosporine, a game da cutar ta jiki ko kuma kumburi. Bugu da kari, idan pancytopenia saboda sankara, magani na iya unsa dashen kashin kashi.

Game da kamuwa da cuta, ana nuna takamaiman magani ga kowane microorganism, kamar su maganin rigakafi, antivirals ko pentavalent antimonials a cikin yanayin leishmaniasis, misali. Ba koyaushe ake nuna ƙarin jini ba, amma yana iya zama dole a cikin mawuyacin yanayi da ke buƙatar saurin dawowa, ya danganta da dalilin.