Menene Pancytopenia?

Wadatacce

• Kwayar cututtuka ta pancytopenia
• Pancytopenia yana haifar da dalilai masu haɗari
• Matsalolin da suka haifar da pancytopenia
• Ta yaya ake bincikar cutar pancytopenia?
• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani
• Outlook
• Rigakafin cutar pancytopenia

Bayani

Pancytopenia wani yanayi ne wanda jikin mutum yanada qarancin jinin ja, da fararen jini, da platelet. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin yana da aiki daban a jiki:

• Kwayoyin jinin ja suna daukar iskar oxygen cikin jikinka.
• Farin jinin jini wani bangare ne na garkuwar jikinka kuma yana taimakawa yakar cutuka.
• Platelets na barin jininka ya zama daskarewa.

Idan kana da cutar pancytopenia, kana da hadewar cututtukan jini guda uku:

• anemia, ko ƙananan matakin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini
• leukopenia, ko ƙananan matakin ƙwayoyin jini
• thrombocytopenia, ko ƙananan matakan platelet

Saboda jikinka yana buƙatar duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin, pancytopenia na iya zama mai tsanani. Yana iya ma zama da barazanar rai idan ba ku magance shi ba.

Kwayar cututtuka ta pancytopenia

Panananan pancytopenia sau da yawa baya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Likitan ku na iya gano shi yayin gwajin jini saboda wani dalili.

Severearin kamuwa da cutar pancytopenia na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ciki har da:

• karancin numfashi
• kodadde fata
• gajiya
• rauni
• zazzaɓi
• jiri
• sauki rauni
• zub da jini
• purpleananan launuka masu launin shuɗi a kan fata, wanda ake kira petechiae
• manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi a fata, ana kiransu purpura
• zubda jini da jini
• saurin bugun zuciya

Idan ku ko wani na kusa da ku yana da ɗayan waɗannan mahimman alamun bayyanar da cutar ta pancytopenia, ku sami likita nan da nan:

• zazzabi akan 101˚F (38.3˚C)
• kamuwa
• zubar jini mai yawa
• tsananin numfashi
• rikicewa
• rasa sani

Pancytopenia yana haifar da dalilai masu haɗari

Pancytopenia yana farawa ne saboda matsala game da ɓacin ranka. Wannan tsokar nama a cikin kashin shine inda ake samarda kwayoyin jini. Cututtuka da kamuwa da wasu magunguna da sinadarai na iya haifar da wannan lahani na ɓarkewar ƙashi.

Kusan kuna iya kamuwa da cutar pancytopenia idan kuna da ɗayan waɗannan sharuɗɗan:

• kansar da ke shafar ƙashin ƙashi, kamar su:
  • cutar sankarar bargo
  • myeloma mai yawa
  • Hodgkin's ko ba Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Ciwan ƙwayoyin cuta na myelodysplastic
  • karancin jini mai karfin jini, yanayinda jikinka yake samarda mafi girma-fiye da-al'ada, jajayen jinin jini wadanda basu balaga ba kuma kana da karancin kwayar jinin jini
• aplastic anemia, yanayin da jikinka yake daina samar da wadatattun sabbin ƙwayoyin jini
• paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, wata cuta ta baƙuwar jini da ke haifar da jan ƙwayoyin jini
• cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar:
  • Epstein-Barr virus, wanda ke haifar da mononucleosis
  • cytomegalovirus
  • HIV
  • ciwon hanta
  • zazzabin cizon sauro
  • sepsis (kamuwa da jini)
• cututtukan da ke lalata kashin ƙashi, kamar cutar Gaucher
• lalacewa daga chemotherapy ko radiyo don ciwon daji
• bayyanar da sinadarai a cikin muhalli, kamar su radiation, arsenic, ko benzene
• cututtukan kasusuwa da ke gudana a cikin iyalai
• karancin bitamin, kamar rashin bitamin B-12 ko fure
• fadada girman ku, wanda aka fi sani da splenomegaly
• cutar hanta
• yawan shan giya wanda ke lalata hanta
• cututtukan autoimmune, kamar tsarin lupus erythematosus

A kusan rabin dukkan lamura, likitoci ba za su iya samo dalilin pancytopenia ba. Wannan ana kiransa idiopathic pancytopenia.

Matsalolin da suka haifar da pancytopenia

Rikitarwa daga pancytopenia ya samo asali ne daga rashin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelets. Wadannan matsalolin na iya haɗawa da:

• yawan zub da jini idan platelet ya shafa
• ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta idan fararen jini ya shafa

Tsananin pancytopenia na iya zama barazanar rai.

Ta yaya ake bincikar cutar pancytopenia?

Idan likitanku yana tsammanin kuna da cutar pancytopenia, wataƙila za su ba da shawarar cewa ku ga likitan jini - gwani wanda ke kula da cututtukan jini. Wannan ƙwararren masanin zai so ya koya tarihin danginku da tarihin lafiyar ku. Yayin gwajin, likita zai yi tambaya game da alamomin ku kuma ya duba kunnuwa, hanci, makogwaro, baki, da fata.

Likitan zai kuma yi cikakken gwajin jini (CBC). Wannan gwajin yana auna yawan kwayoyin jinin ja, da kwayoyin farin jini, da platelets a cikin jininka. Idan CBC ba al'ada bane, kuna iya buƙatar shafa jinin gefe. Wannan gwajin yana sanya digon jininka akan silala don kallon nau'ikan kwayoyin jinin da yake dauke dasu.

Don neman matsala tare da ƙwayar kashin ku, likitanku zai iya yin burin kasusuwa da biopsy. A wannan gwajin, likitanku yayi amfani da allura don cire ƙaramin ruwa da nama daga cikin ƙashinku wanda za'a iya gwada shi kuma a bincika shi a cikin lab.

Hakanan likitan ku na iya yin gwaje-gwaje daban don neman dalilin pancytopenia. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da gwajin jini don bincika kamuwa da cuta ko cutar sankarar bargo. Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar hoton CT ko wani gwajin hoto don neman kansar ko wasu matsaloli tare da gabobin ka.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Likitan ku zai magance matsalar da ta haifar da pancytopenia. Wannan na iya haɗawa da shan ka daga magani ko dakatar da mu'amalar ka da wani sinadarin. Idan garkuwar jikinka ta afkawa kashin kashin ka, zaka samu magani dan rage radadin garkuwar ka.

Jiyya don pancytopenia sun hada da:

• magunguna don haɓaka samar da ƙwayoyin jini a cikin kashin kashin ku
• ƙarin jini don maye gurbin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, ƙwayoyin farin jini, da kuma platelets
• maganin rigakafi don magance kamuwa da cuta
• dashewar kashin kashi, wanda kuma aka sani da dashen kwayar halitta, wanda ya maye gurbin kashin kashin da lafiyayyun kwayoyin halitta wadanda zasu sake gina bargon

Outlook

Hangen nesa na pancytopenia ya dogara da irin cutar da ta haifar da yanayin da kuma yadda likitanka ke kula dashi. Idan magani ko sunadarai suka haifar da cutar pancytopenia, yakamata ta sami sauki cikin mako guda bayan ka dakatar da cutar. Wasu yanayi, kamar ciwon daji, zasu ɗauki tsawon lokaci don magance su.

Rigakafin cutar pancytopenia

Wasu dalilan da ke haifar da pancytopenia, kamar cutar daji ko cututtukan kasusuwa na gado, ba a kiyaye su. Kuna iya hana wasu nau'in kamuwa da cuta tare da kyawawan tsabtace jiki da kuma gujewa hulɗa da duk wanda bashi da lafiya. Hakanan zaka iya guje wa sanadaran da aka san su da haifar da wannan yanayin.