PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Gwaje-gwaje

Wadatacce

• Menene gwajin PDL1?
• Me ake amfani da shi?
• Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin PDL1?
• Menene ya faru yayin gwajin PDL1?
• Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?
• Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?
• Menene sakamakon yake nufi?
• Shin akwai wani abin da nake bukatar sani game da gwajin PDL1?
• Bayani

Menene gwajin PDL1?

Wannan gwajin yana auna adadin PDL1 akan kwayoyin cutar kansa. PDL1 furotin ne wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga kai hari ga ƙwayoyin da ba mai cutarwa ba a cikin jiki. A yadda aka saba, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana yaƙi da baƙin abubuwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ba lafiyayyun ƙwayoyinku ba. Wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da PDL1 mai yawa. Wannan yana bawa kwayoyin cutar kansa damar "yaudarar" tsarin garkuwar jiki, kuma su guji afkawa baƙi, abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Idan kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da PDL1 mai yawa, zaku iya amfana daga wani magani da ake kira immunotherapy. Immunotherapy shine farfadowa wanda ke haɓaka tsarin rigakafin ku don taimaka masa ya gane da yaƙi da ƙwayoyin kansa. Immunotherapy an nuna yana da matukar tasiri wajen magance wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. Hakanan yana da ƙananan sakamako masu illa fiye da sauran hanyoyin maganin kansar.

Sauran sunaye: an tsara mutuwa-ligand 1, PD-LI, PDL-1 ta immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Me ake amfani da shi?

Ana amfani da gwajin PDL1 don gano ko kuna da ciwon daji wanda zai iya amfana daga rigakafin rigakafi.

Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin PDL1?

Kuna iya buƙatar gwajin PDL1 idan an gano ku da ɗayan cututtukan daji masu zuwa:

• Ciwon kansar huhu mara karama
• Melanoma
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Ciwon daji na mafitsara
• Ciwon koda
• Ciwon nono

Ana samun manyan matakan PDL1 a cikin waɗannan, da kuma wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. Cutar kansa da ke da matakan PDL1 sau da yawa ana iya magance ta yadda ya kamata tare da rigakafin rigakafi.

Menene ya faru yayin gwajin PDL1?

Yawancin gwaje-gwajen PDL1 ana yin su a cikin hanyar da ake kira biopsy. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku na hanyoyin binciken biopsy:

• Lafiya mai kyau allurar fata biopsy, wanda ke amfani da allura mai matukar siriri don cire samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta ko ruwa
• Babban allurar biopsy, wanda ke amfani da babban allura don cire samfurin
• M biopsy, wanda ke cire samfuri a cikin ƙaramin, hanyar fita asibiti

Kyakkyawan burin allura da kuma ainihin allurar biopsies yawanci hada da matakai masu zuwa:

• Za ku kwanta a gefenku ko ku zauna a teburin gwaji.
• Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai tsabtace shafin biopsy kuma ya yi masa allurar rigakafi don ba za ku ji zafi ba yayin aikin.
• Da zarar yankin ya dushe, mai ba da sabis zai saka ko dai allurar fata mai kyau ko allura mai mahimmanci a cikin shafin biopsy ɗin kuma cire samfurin nama ko ruwa.
• Kuna iya jin ɗan matsi lokacin da aka janye samfurin.
• Za a yi amfani da matsin lamba a wurin nazarin halittar har sai jinin ya tsaya.
• Mai ba da sabis ɗinku zai yi amfani da bandeji mara ɗari a shafin biopsy.

A cikin biopsy na tiyata, likita mai fiɗa zai yi ɗan yanka a cikin fata don cire duka ko ɓangaren curin nono. Ana yin aikin tiyata a wasu lokuta idan ba za a iya kaiwa dunƙulen tare da allurar ƙira ba. Yin aikin tiyata yana haɗa da matakai masu zuwa.

• Za ku kwanta akan teburin aiki. Ana iya sanya IV (layin jini) a hannu ko a hannu.
• Za a iya ba ku magani, wanda ake kira mai kwantar da hankali, don taimaka muku shakatawa.
• Za a ba ku maganin rigakafi na gida ko na asibiti don haka ba za ku ji zafi ba yayin aikin.
  • Don maganin rigakafi na cikin gida, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar biopsy tare da magani don rage yankin.
  • Don maganin saurara na gaba ɗaya, ƙwararren masani da ake kira anesthesiologist zai ba ku magani don haka za ku kasance cikin sume yayin aikin.
• Da zarar yankin biopsy ya dushe ko kuma ba ku da hankali, likitan zai yi ɗan yanka a cikin nono ya cire wani ɓangare ko duka dunƙulen. Hakanan za'a iya cire wasu kayan dake kusa da dunbun.
• Za a rufe abin da aka yanke a cikin fatarku tare da dinkakku ko madafan zaren.

Akwai biopsies iri daban-daban. Nau'in biopsy da kuka samu zai dogara ne da wuri da kuma girman ƙwayar cutar ku.

Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?

Ba za ku buƙaci kowane shiri na musamman ba idan kuna samun maganin ƙwayar cutar cikin gida (numbing of the biopsy site). Idan kana fama da cutar rigakafin cutar gabaɗaya, wataƙila za ka buƙaci yin azumi (ba ci ko sha ba) na wasu awowi kafin aikin tiyata. Kwararren likitan ku zai ba ku ƙarin takamaiman umarnin. Hakanan, idan kuna samun magani mai sa kuzari ko maganin sa barci gabadaya, tabbatar kun shirya wani ya kawo ku gida. Kuna iya zama mai rikitarwa da rikicewa bayan kun farka daga aikin.

Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?

Wataƙila kuna da ɗan rauni ko zubar jini a wurin biopsy. Wani lokaci shafin yakan kamu. Idan hakan ta faru, za'a baka maganin rigakafi. A biopsy na tiyata na iya haifar da ƙarin ƙarin ciwo da damuwa. Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na iya bayar da shawarar ko rubuta magani don taimaka muku ku ji daɗi.

Menene sakamakon yake nufi?

Idan sakamakonku ya nuna ƙwayoyinku na ƙari suna da matakan PDL1, ana iya farawa akan rigakafin rigakafi. Idan sakamakon ku bai nuna babban matakan PDL1 ba, mai cutar ba zai iya muku tasiri ba. Amma zaku iya amfana daga wani nau'in maganin cutar kansa. Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da sakamakonku, yi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya.

Learnara koyo game da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, jeri na tunani, da fahimtar sakamako.

Shin akwai wani abin da nake bukatar sani game da gwajin PDL1?

Immunotherapy ba ya aiki ga kowa, koda kuwa kuna da ƙari tare da manyan matakan PDL1. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da rikitarwa kuma galibi ba a iya hango su. Masu ba da kiwon lafiya da masu bincike suna ci gaba da koyo game da rigakafin rigakafi da yadda za a yi hasashen wanda zai ci gajiyar wannan magani.

Bayani

1. Allina Lafiya [Intanet]. Minneapolis: Allina Lafiya; c2018. Immunotherapy don ciwon daji; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://wellness.allinahealth.org/library/content/60/903
2. Canungiyar Ciwon Cancer ta Amurka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka Inc ;; c2018. Masu hana shingen duba lafiyar jiki don magance cutar kansa; [sabunta 2017 Mayu 1; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors.html
3. Canungiyar Ciwon Cancer ta Amurka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka Inc ;; c2018. Menene Cutar Ciwon Cancer da Aka Yi niyya?; [sabunta 2016 Jun 6; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/targeted-therapy/what-is.html
4. Canungiyar Ciwon Cancer ta Amurka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka Inc ;; c2018. Menene sabon a binciken rigakafin cutar sankara ?; [sabunta 2017 Oct 31; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/whats-new-in-immunotherapy-research.html
5. Ciwon daji.Net [Intanet]. Alexandria (VA): Societyungiyar (asar Amirka ta Clinical Oncology; c2005-2018. Abubuwa 9 don Sanin Game da Immunotherapy da Ciwon Huhu; 2016 Nuwamba 8 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2016-11/9-things-know-about-immunotherapy-and-lung-cancer
6. Dana-Farber Cibiyar Cancer [Intanet]. Boston: Dana-Farber Cibiyar Cancer; c2018. Menene Gwajin PDL-1 ?; 2017 Mayu 22 [sabunta 2017 Jun 23; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2017/05/what-is-a-pd-l1-test
7. Hadadden Oncology [Intanet]. Kamfanin Laboratory na Amurka, c2018. PDL1-1 na IHC, Opdivo; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.integratedoncology.com/test-menu/pd-l1-by-ihc-opdivo%C2%AE/cec2cfcc-c365-4e90-8b79-3722568d5700
8. Gwaje-gwajen Lab a kan layi [Intanet]. Washington DC: Associationungiyar (asar Amirka don Nazarin Kimiyyar Clinical; c2001–2018. Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Cutar Cancer; [sabunta 2018 Jun 18; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/genetic-tests-targeted-cancer-therapy
9. Mayo Clinic: Mayo Laboratories Medical [Internet]. Gidauniyar Mayo don Ilimin Likita da Bincike; c1995–2018. Gwajin ID: PDL1: Tsarin Mutuwa-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) (SP263), Semi-Quantitative Immunohistochemistry, Manual: Clinical and Interpretive; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/71468
10. MD Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Kanjamau [Intanet]. Jami'ar Texas MD Anderson Cibiyar Cancer; c2018. Wannan binciken na iya haɓaka tasirin rigakafi; 2016 Sep 7 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/cancer-frontline/2016/09/discovery-may-increase-immunotherapy-effectiveness.html
11. Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: immunotherapy; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunotherap
12. Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Alamar Tumor; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet
13. Cibiyar Cibiyar Ciwon Cutar Canza ta Sydney Kimmel [Intanet]. Baltimore: Jami'ar Johns Hopkins; Batutuwan Nono: Magungunan rigakafi na Alkawarin Ciwon Nono; [wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/publications/breast_matters/files/sebindoc/a/p/ca4831b326e7b9ff7ac4b8f6e0cea8ba.pdf
14. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin Kiwon Lafiya: Tsarin Jiki; [sabunta 2017 Oct 9; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/ConditionCenter/Immune%20System/center1024.html
15. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Labarai da Abubuwan da suka faru: Koyar da tsarin rigakafi don yaƙi da cutar kansa; [sabunta 2017 Aug 7; wanda aka ambata 2018 Aug 14]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/news/the-immune-system-goes-to-school-to-learn-how-to-fight-cancer/51234

Ba za a yi amfani da bayanan da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon a madadin madadin ƙwararrun likitocin ko shawara ba. Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lafiyarku.