Menene Tsarin Farji?

Wadatacce

• Wata hanya ta daban don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta
• Yaya maganin farji ke aiki
• Tsarin farji da maganin rigakafi
• 1. Maganin rigakafi yakai hari ga kwayoyin cuta fiye da daya
• 2. Magungunan rigakafi na iya haifar da “superbugs”
• Fa'idodin farji na zamani
• Faɗakarwar farji
• Amfani da lokaci a Amurka
• A masana'antar abinci
• Yanayin da zai iya fa'ida daga maganin farji
• Takeaway

Wata hanya ta daban don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta

Hakanan ana kiran farji na zamani (PT) ana kiran shi bacteriophage therapy. Yana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana kiran ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ƙwayoyi ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna afkawa kwayoyin cuta ne kawai; phages ba su da lahani ga mutane, dabbobi, da tsire-tsire.

Bacteriophages sune abokan gaba na kwayoyin cuta. Kalmar bacteriophage na nufin “mai cin kwayar cuta.” Ana samun su a cikin ƙasa, najasa, ruwa, da sauran wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta ke rayuwa. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yanayi.

Za a iya jin sautin farji sabo, amma an yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Duk da haka, ba a san sanannun magani ba. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan maganin don ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cuta na iya zama madaidaicin madadin maganin rigakafi.

Yaya maganin farji ke aiki

Bacteriophages na kashe kwayoyin cuta ta hanyar sanya su fashe ko kwayar cuta. Wannan na faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar ta kamu da kwayoyin cutar. Wata kwayar cuta tana harba ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar allurar ƙwayoyin halittarta (DNA ko RNA).

Kwayar cutar phage ta kwafi kanta (ta sake haihuwa) a cikin kwayoyin cuta. Wannan na iya yin sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta a kowace kwayar cuta. A ƙarshe, kwayar cutar ta buɗe buɗe ƙwayoyin, ta sake sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Bacteriophages na iya ninka da girma cikin kwayar cuta kawai.Da zarar dukkan kwayoyin cuta suna lysed (matattu), zasu daina yawaita. Kamar sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, farji na iya yin barci (a cikin ɓarna) har sai ƙwayoyin cuta sun bayyana.

Tsarin farji da maganin rigakafi

Maganin rigakafi ana kuma kiransa anti-bacterials. Su ne mafi yawan nau'ikan maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Magungunan rigakafi sunadarai ne ko magunguna waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin cuta a jikinku.

Magungunan rigakafi suna ceton rayuka kuma suna hana cuta yaɗuwa. Koyaya, zasu iya haifar da manyan matsaloli guda biyu:

1. Maganin rigakafi yakai hari ga kwayoyin cuta fiye da daya

Wannan yana nufin zasu iya kashe kwayoyin cuta marasa kyau da masu kyau a jikinku. Jikinka yana buƙatar wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta don taimaka maka narkewar abinci, samar da wasu abubuwan gina jiki, da kiyaye lafiyar ku.

Hakanan kwayoyin cuta masu kyau suna taimakawa dakatar da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungal daga tsiro a cikin jikinku. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa maganin rigakafi na iya haifar da illa kamar:

• ciki ciki
• tashin zuciya da amai
• matse ciki
• kumburi da gas
• gudawa
• yisti cututtuka

2. Magungunan rigakafi na iya haifar da “superbugs”

Wannan yana nufin cewa maimakon tsayawa, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna zama masu juriya ko rashin kariya daga maganin rigakafi. Juriya yakan faru ne lokacin da kwayoyin cuta suka canza ko canzawa suka zama masu karfi fiye da maganin rigakafi.

Suna ma iya yada wannan “karfin” zuwa wasu kwayoyin cuta. Wannan na iya haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari waɗanda ba za a iya magance su ba. Kwayar cutar da ba ta jin magani na iya zama na mutuwa.

Yi amfani da maganin rigakafi daidai don taimakawa hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi. Misali:

• Yi amfani kawai da maganin rigakafi don cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Maganin rigakafi ba zai magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar sanyi, juji, da mashako.
• Kada ku yi amfani da maganin rigakafi idan ba kwa buƙatar su.
• Kada ku matsa wa likitanku ya rubuta maganin rigakafi don ku ko yaronku.
• Allauki duk maganin rigakafi daidai kamar yadda aka tsara.
• Kammala cikakken sashi na maganin rigakafi, koda kuwa kun ji sauki.
• Kar a sha maganin rigakafi na karewa.
• A jefar da kwayoyin rigakafi da suka kare ko wadanda ba a amfani da su.

Fa'idodin farji na zamani

Fa'idojin farji suna magance gazawar maganin rigakafi.

Kamar dai yadda akwai nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta, akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Amma kowane nau'i na facge zai iya kai farmaki ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Ba zai kamu da wasu nau'in kwayoyin cuta ba.

Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya amfani da facge don fuskantar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cuta kai tsaye. Misali, strep bacteriophage zai kashe kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da cututtukan hanta.

Wani bincike na 2011 ya lissafa wasu fa'idodi na kwayoyin cuta:

• Phages suna aiki da ƙwayoyin cuta masu magancewa da na kwayoyin cuta.
• Ana iya amfani da su su kaɗai ko tare da maganin rigakafi da sauran magunguna.
• Lokaci suna ninkawa da haɓaka adadi da kansu yayin magani (kashi ɗaya kawai ake buƙata).
• Suna dan rikicewa da kwayoyin cuta “masu kyau” a jiki.
• Lokaci yanayi ne kuma mai sauƙin samu.
• Ba su da illa (mai guba) a jiki.
• Ba su da guba ga dabbobi, shuke-shuke, da mahalli.

Faɗakarwar farji

Ba a taɓa amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Wannan maganin yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don gano yadda yake aiki. Ba a san ko farji na iya cutar da mutane ko dabbobi ta hanyoyin da ba su da alaƙa da cutar mai guba kai tsaye.

Bugu da ƙari, ba a san idan farge na farji na iya haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta su zama masu ƙarfi fiye da bacteriophage ba, wanda ke haifar da juriya.

Fursunoni na gyaran fuska sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Lokaci a halin yanzu yana da wahalar shiryawa don amfani da mutane da dabbobi.
• Ba a san abin da ya kamata a yi amfani da shi ba.
• Ba a san tsawon lokacin da farjin farji zai iya ɗaukar aiki ba.
• Yana iya zama da wahala a sami ainihin abin da ake buƙata don magance kamuwa da cuta.
• Lokaci na iya haifar da tsarin rigakafi don yin aiki da yawa ko haifar da rashin daidaituwa.
• Wasu nau'ikan facges basa aiki kamar sauran nau'ikan don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Maiyuwa babu isassun nau'ikan farji don magance duk cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Wasu fage na iya haifar da kwayoyin cuta su zama masu juriya.

Amfani da lokaci a Amurka

Ba a riga an amince da maganin Phage ga mutane a Amurka ko a Turai ba. Anyi amfani da kwarewar gwaji a cikin wasu ƙananan maganganu kawai.

Reasonaya daga cikin dalilan hakan shi ne saboda an sami sauƙin rigakafi kuma ana ɗaukar su mafi aminci don amfani. Akwai bincike mai gudana kan hanya mafi kyau don amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mutane da dabbobi. Amincin maganin farji yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike.

A masana'antar abinci

Ana amfani da maganin farji a masana'antar abinci, kodayake. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da wasu cukurkudaddun abubuwa don taimakawa dakatar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin abinci. Kulawa da abinci a cikin abinci yana hana ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da guba ta abinci, kamar su:

• Salmonella
• Listeria
• E. coli
• Tarin fuka na Mycobacterium
• Campylobacter
• Pseudomonas

Ana sanya abubuwan da ke cikin wasu abincin da aka sarrafa don taimakawa hana ci gaban kwayan.

Wani amfani don maganin farji wanda ake gwada shi ya haɗa da ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa kayan tsabtace abubuwa don lalata ƙwayoyin cuta akan saman. Wannan na iya zama da amfani a asibitoci, gidajen abinci, da sauran wurare.

Yanayin da zai iya fa'ida daga maganin farji

Tsarin farji na iya zama mahimmanci sosai wajen magance cututtukan da ba su amsa maganin rigakafi. Misali, ana iya amfani da shi akan mai iko Staphylococcus(staph) kamuwa da kwayar cuta da ake kira MRSA.

Akwai lokuta masu nasara na amfani da maganin farji. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan labarin nasarar ya shafi wani mutum mai shekaru 68 a San Diego, California, wanda aka kula da shi saboda wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira Acinetobacter baumannii.

Bayan fiye da watanni uku na ƙoƙari na maganin rigakafi, likitocinsa sun sami damar dakatar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Takeaway

Maganin Phage ba sabon abu bane, amma amfani dashi a cikin mutane da dabbobi shima ba ayi cikakken bincike ba. Karatuttukan da ake yi yanzu da kuma wasu shari'o'in nasara na iya nufin ya zama gama gari. Yayinda ake ɗaukar maganin farji amintacce kuma an yarda dashi don amfani dashi a masana'antar abinci, wannan na iya zama ba da daɗewa ba.

Farge na zamani shine "maganin rigakafi" na yanayi kuma yana iya zama kyakkyawan madadin magani. Hakanan yana iya zama da amfani ga sauran amfani kamar su tiyata da maganin asibiti. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kafin a yarda da amfani da shi ga mutane.