Cututtukan da protozoa, cututtuka da magani ke haifarwa

Wadatacce

• Cututtukan da kwayar cuta ta haifar
• 1. Ciwon toxoplasmosis
• 2. Leishmaniasis
• 3. Trichomoniasis
• 4. Cutar Chagas
• 5. Giardiasis
• 6. Amoebiasis
• 7. Malaria

Protozoa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, tunda sunadaran 1 ne kawai, kuma suna da alhakin cututtukan da za a iya kamuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum, kamar yadda ya faru da Trichomoniasis, misali, ko ta cizon ko cizon kwari, kamar kamar yadda yake a yanayin cutar Leishmaniasis da Chagas.

Ana iya yin rigakafin cututtukan da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar ta hanyar matakai masu sauƙi, kamar su wanke hannu kafin da bayan shirya abinci ko kuma yin hulɗa da dabbobi, amfani da kwaroron roba a yayin jima'i da sanya wando mai dogon hannu da rigar riguna ko abin ɗamuwa a wuraren da ke fuskantar cutar malaria, alal misali.

Cututtukan da kwayar cuta ta haifar

1. Ciwon toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, wanda yake da kuliyoyi a matsayin babban mai masaukin sa, kuma mutane a matsayin matsakaiciyar rundunar. Don haka, mutane na iya kamuwa da wannan cutar ta hanyar cysts na Toxoplasma gondii wanda ke cikin ƙasa, ruwa ko abinci, haɗuwa kai tsaye tare da najasar kuliyoyin da suka kamu ko ta hanyar watsa wa uwa, wanda ake kira transplacental, wanda ke faruwa yayin da mace mai ciki ta sami toxoplasmosis kuma ba ta yin maganin da ya dace, kuma m zai iya ratsawa mahaifa da cutar da jariri.

Ganewar cutar Toxoplasmosis ana yin ta ne ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi wanda ke nuna yawan ƙwayoyin cuta game da ƙwayar cutar da ke yawo a cikin jini. Baya ga gwaje-gwajen rigakafi, dole ne likitan ya yi la’akari da alamun da mai haƙuri ya gabatar, duk da cewa alamomin galibi suna kama da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Mafi yawan lokuta toxoplasmosis yana da rashin damuwa, amma a cikin mata masu juna biyu da kuma mutanen da ke da tsarin garkuwar jiki, alamu na iya bayyana tsakanin kwanaki 5 zuwa 20 bisa ga hanyar yaduwa. Babban alamun cututtukan da suka danganci Toxoplasmosis sune kumburi a wuya, ciwon kai, jajayen launi a jiki, zazzabi da ciwon tsoka. San yadda ake gane alamun cutar toxoplasmosis.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Maganin Toxoplasmosis ana yin sa ne da manufar kawar da kwayar cutar daga cikin kwayar halitta, galibi likita ne ke ba da shawarar yin amfani da magunguna, kamar su Pyrimethamine da ke da alaƙa da Sulfadiazine. A lokacin daukar ciki, a yayin ganowar cutar toxoplasmosis, yana da mahimmanci a yi magani cikin sauri don kauce wa nakasawar tayi da rikitarwa a yayin daukar ciki. Fahimci yadda ake yin maganin toxoplasmosis.

2. Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis wata cuta ce ta rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da kwayar halitta Leishmania wanda, a cewar jinsunan da ke da alhakin kamuwa da cutar, na iya haifar da alamomin tun daga mai sauki zuwa masu tsanani. Daya daga cikin jinsunan da ake yawan samu a Brazil shine Leishmania braziliensis, wanda yawanci yana da alaƙa da bayyanar asibiti mafi tsanani.

A watsa na jinsunan Leishmania yana faruwa ne ta hanyar cizon kwari na jinsi Lutzomyia, wanda aka fi sani da cizon sauro, wanda yake cizon mutane, alal misali, yana sanya ƙwayoyin cutar da ke cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Dangane da jinsuna da alamomin da mai haƙuri ya gabatar, ana iya rarraba leishmaniasis a cikin cututtukan cututtukan fata ko cutaneous, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis da visceral leishmaniasis, kowannensu yana gabatar da halaye na musamman. Duba yadda za a gano ƙananan cututtukan fata da cututtukan fata.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Game da cututtukan leishmaniasis, cututtukan farko suna bayyana tsakanin makonni biyu da watanni uku bayan kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar kwayar cuta, tare da bayyanar ɗayan ko fiye da huɗu a shafin cizon da zai iya ci gaba zuwa buɗaɗɗen rauni da ciwo a cikin 'yan kaɗan makonni.

Dangane da cututtukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan sun fi tsanani kuma suna ci gaba da sauri don buɗe raunuka da suka haɗa da ƙwayoyin mucous da guringuntsi, galibi hanci, furennji, da baki. Wadannan raunin na iya haifar da wahalar magana, haɗiyewa ko numfashi, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da kuma haifar da mutuwa, misali.

A cikin leishmaniasis na visceral, a wani bangaren, alamomin suna da ci gaba na zamani kuma yawanci yawan zazzabi, kara girman ciki da hanta, karancin jini, rage nauyi da kumburin ciki, kuma ya kamata a yi saurin magance su, tunda mutanen da ke da irin wannan leishmaniasis na iya bunkasa cikin sauri zuwa cachexia kuma, sakamakon haka, mutuwa.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Maganin leishmaniasis ana yin sa ne lokacin da raunin farko ya yi girma sosai, ya ninka ko ya haifar da alamun rashin ƙarfi, tare da amfani da Antimonials na Pentavalent, kamar Amphotericin B, Pentamidine da Aminosidine, misali, wanda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi daidai. leishmaniasis da jagorar likita.

3. Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis cuta ce ta kamuwa da cuta da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i wanda yake haifar da ita Trichomonas sp,, kasancewar jinsin da aka fi samu Trichomonas farji. Kamuwa da wannan cutar na iya faruwa ga maza da mata, yana haifar da alamun kamannin kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: A cikin mata, alamomin cutar trichomoniasis suna ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 20 kafin su bayyana, kuma za a iya samun fitowar launin rawaya-kore da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, zafi yayin saduwa, jin zafi yayin yin fitsari da ƙwarin fitsari. A cikin maza, manyan alamomin a bayyane suke, viscous da ƙarancin ruwa da rashin jin daɗi yayin yin fitsari. Koyi yadda ake gano Trichomoniasis.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Maganin Trichomoniasis ana yin sa ne tare da amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta bisa ga shawarar likita, yawanci ana nuna amfani da Tinidazole ko Metronidazole, misali. Yana da mahimmanci duk mutumin da ya kamu da cutar da abokin aikinsa su sha maganin trichomoniasis koda kuwa babu alamun alamun.

4. Cutar Chagas

Cutar Chagas, wanda aka fi sani da trypanosomiasis na Amurka, cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Ana kamuwa da wannan cutar ne ta hanyar cizon kwari wanda aka fi sani da aski, wanda nan da nan bayan ya ciji mutum, sai ya yi fitsari, ya saki m, kuma idan mutum ya tuge wurin, ya ƙare ya ba da ladabi kuma ya bar shi ya shiga cikin jiki. .

Kodayake cizon wanzami shine mafi yaduwar hanyar yaduwar kwayar cutar, amma kuma ana iya samun cutar Chagas ta hanyar karin gurbataccen jini, daga uwa zuwa jariri yayin daukar ciki ko haihuwa da kuma ta hanyar amfani da gurbataccen abinci daga wanzami ko kuma najasa. , akasarin sukari da açaí. Ara koyo game da cutar Chagas.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Alamomin cutar chagas sun banbanta gwargwadon kariyar mai gida, kuma yana iya zama maras kyau, a inda kwayar cutar ke zama cikin jiki tsawon shekaru ba tare da haifar da alamomi ba, ko kuma suna da alamomin da suka bambanta daga mara nauyi zuwa mai tsanani gwargwadon yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a jiki. da garkuwar jikin mutum.

Babban alamomin dake da nasaba da cutar Chagas sune zazzabi, kumburin ciki a wurin cizon, kumburin hanta da saifa, kumburi da ciwo a ƙwayoyin lymph da kuma rashin cikakkiyar kulawa. Bugu da kari, sanya hannu a cikin zuciya abu ne na kowa, wanda ke haifar da fadada zuciya, da kumburin fatar ido.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Ba a riga an tabbatar da maganin cutar Chagas ba, duk da haka yawanci ana nuna cewa ana kula da marasa lafiya da Chagas tare da amfani da Nifurtimox da Benzonidazole.

5. Giardiasis

Giardiasis wani cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ne wanda ya haifar da kwayar cuta Giardia lamblia, wanda shine nau'in jinsin kawai Giardia iya kamuwa da cuta da haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutane. Wannan cutar ta fi yawan faruwa ga yara kuma ana iya yada ta ta hanyar shan cysts na Giardia lamblia wanda ke cikin gurɓataccen ruwa, abinci ko muhalli, ban da haɗuwa kai tsaye tare da gurɓatattun mutane, wannan nau'ikan yaɗuwa ya zama ruwan dare a wuraren da akwai mutane da yawa kuma ba su da wadataccen yanayin tsafta. Arin fahimta game da menene giardiasis da yadda ake yada shi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Kwayar cututtukan giardiasis suna bayyana makonni 1 zuwa 3 bayan tuntuɓar protozoan kuma yawanci hanji ne, tare da ciwon ciki, ƙaruwar samar da iskar gas na hanji, narkewar narkewar abinci, rage nauyi mara nauyi da gudawa wanda zai iya zama mai sauƙi da naci ko mai tsanani.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Jiyya don giardiasis ya hada da amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta da magungunan antiparasitic, kamar su Metronidazole, Secnidazole, Tinidazole ko Albendazole, wanda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kamar yadda likita ya umurta. Bugu da kari, saboda gudawa, yana da muhimmanci mutum ya sha ruwa mai yawa a yayin jiyya domin hana bushewar jiki, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a wadannan lamuran.

A lokuta da suka fi tsanani, lokacin da gudawa ta kasance mai tsanani kuma mai ɗorewa, ana ba da shawara cewa a tura mutum zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya mafi kusa ko asibiti don karɓar magani kai tsaye zuwa jijiyar kuma, saboda haka, za a iya guje wa rashin ruwa a jiki.

6. Amoebiasis

Amoebiasis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ga yara, cutar ce ke haifar da itaEntamoeba histolytica kuma ana yada shi musamman ta hanyar shan cysts da ke cikin ruwa ko abincin da ya gurɓata da najasa. Lokacin da mafitsara suka shiga cikin jiki, suna zama a bangon bangaren narkewar abinci kuma suna sakin nau'ikan kwayar cutar, wacce ke haifuwa kuma tafi cikin hanjin mutum, tana haifar da alamun narkewar abinci. Ara koyo game da amebiasis.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: NA Entamoeba histolytica yana iya zama cikin jiki ba tare da haifar da alamomi na shekaru ba, duk da haka ya fi zama kusan makonni 2 zuwa 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar alamun sun fara bayyana. Babban alamomin da suka danganci amebiasis sune rashin jin daɗin ciki, gudawa, tashin zuciya, tashin zuciya, yawan gajiya da kasancewar jini ko ɓoyewa a cikin kujerun.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Maganin amebiasis mai sauki ne kuma yakamata ayi shi tare da Metronidazole bisa ga jagorancin likitan. Duk da kasancewa mai sauƙin magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, yana da mahimmanci a fara da zaran alamun farko suka bayyana, tunda Entamoeba histolytica yana iya wuce bangon hanji ya yada ta hanyoyin jini, ya kai ga sauran gabobi kuma ya haifar da mummunan cututtuka.

7. Malaria

Malaria tana faruwa ne sakamakon cizon sauro na al'aurar mata Anopheles kamuwa da cutar kwayar halitta Plasmodium spp. Babban jinsin kwayar cutar da ake samu a cikin Brazil shine Plasmodium zazzabin cizon sauro, Plasmodium falciparum kuma Plasmodium vivax. Wannan kwayar cutar, idan ya shiga jiki, yakan tafi hanta ne, inda yake ninkawa, sannan ya kai ga jini, yana iya lalata jajayen kwayoyin jini, misali.

Duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun hakan ba, yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro na iya faruwa ta hanyar karin gurbataccen jini, raba gurbatattun sirinji ko hadari a dakin gwaje-gwaje, misali.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Lokacin shiryawa don zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda shine lokaci tsakanin hulɗa tare da mawuyacin wakili na cutar da bayyanar alamun farko, ya bambanta gwargwadon nau'in protozoan. Idan akwai P. malariae, lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 18 zuwa 40, na P. falciparum shine kwanaki 9 zuwa 14 kuma P. vivax shine kwanaki 12 zuwa 17.

Alamomin farko na zazzabin cizon sauro sun yi kama da na sauran cututtukan cututtuka, tare da malaise, ciwon kai, kasala da ciwon tsoka. Wadannan alamomin galibi suna kan gaba ne ga alamomin alamomin zazzabin cizon sauro, wadanda galibi suke da nasaba da karfin kwayar cutar shiga cikin jajayen kwayoyin jini da lalata su, kamar zazzabi, zufa, sanyi, jiri, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon kai da rauni.

A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, musamman ma lokacin da cutar ta auku a cikin yara, mata masu ciki, manya da ba sa rigakafi da kuma mutanen da ke da garkuwar jiki, za a iya samun kamuwa, jaundice, hypoglycemia da canje-canje a yanayin farkawa, misali.

Yadda ake yin maganin: Don magance zazzabin cizon sauro, likita galibi yana bayar da shawarar amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda SUS ke bayarwa kyauta, gwargwadon nau'in Plasmodium, tsananin bayyanar cututtuka, shekaru da kuma yanayin garkuwar mutum. Don haka, za a iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da Chloroquine, Primaquine ko Artesunate da Mefloquine. Learnara koyo game da maganin Malaria.