Menene chimerism, nau'ikan da yadda za'a gano

Wadatacce

• Nau'o'in cutar shan inna
• 1. Kirkirar Halitta
• 2. Arim chimerism
• 3. Microquimerismo
• 4. Twin chimerism
• Yadda ake ganewa

Chimerism wani nau'in canjin halittu ne wanda ake lura da kasancewar wasu kwayoyin halittu guda biyu, wanda zai iya zama na dabi'a, yana faruwa yayin daukar ciki, alal misali, ko kuma saboda dasawar kwayar halittar jini, wanda kwayoyin halittar wadanda aka dasa masu gudummawar mai karɓa yana karɓar nutsuwa, tare da kasancewar ƙwayoyin halitta tare da bayanan halittar jini daban-daban.

Ana la'akari da cin amana ne lokacin da aka tabbatar da kasancewar mutane biyu ko fiye na kwayoyin halittar da ke da asali daban, sabanin abin da ke faruwa a cikin mosaicism, wanda duk da cewa yawan kwayoyin halittar suna da jinsin halitta, suna da asali iri daya. Ara koyo game mosaicism.

Nau'o'in cutar shan inna

Chimerism baƙon abu ne tsakanin mutane kuma ana iya ganin saukinsa cikin dabbobi. Koyaya har yanzu yana iya kasancewa akwai chimerism tsakanin mutane, manyan nau'ikan sune:

1. Kirkirar Halitta

Kirimcin gargajiya yana faruwa lokacinda amfrai 2 ko fiye suka haɗu, suka zama ɗaya. Sabili da haka, jaririn da aka kafa ta 2 ko fiye da wasu kwayoyin halitta.

2. Arim chimerism

Hakan na faruwa ne yayin da mutum ya sami ƙarin jini ko dusar ƙashi da kashin jini ko ƙwayoyin jini daga wani mutum, tare da ƙwayoyin gudummawar da ke karɓar kwayar. Wannan yanayin ya zama ruwan dare a da, amma a yau bayan an dasa mutum ana bi shi kuma yana yin wasu magunguna waɗanda ke hana karɓar ƙwayoyin masu bayarwa na dindindin, ban da tabbatar da karɓar dasawa ta jiki da kyau.

3. Microquimerismo

Wannan nau’i na gurguntaccen jiki na faruwa ne yayin daukar ciki, wanda mace ke karbar wasu kwayoyin daga tayin ko kuma tayi tana daukar kwayar daga mahaifiya, wanda hakan ke haifar da wasu kwayoyin halittu guda biyu.

4. Twin chimerism

Irin wannan shayarwar na faruwa ne lokacin da ciki na tagwaye, ɗayan ya mutu ɗayan kuma ɗayan yake sha wasu ƙwayoyinta. Don haka, jaririn da aka haifa yana da kayan halittar kansa da na ɗan'uwansa.

Yadda ake ganewa

Ana iya gano chimerism ta wasu halaye da mutum zai iya bayyana a matsayin yankuna na jiki tare da yawan launuka, ko idanu masu launuka daban-daban, faruwar cututtukan autoimmune masu alaƙa da fata ko tsarin jijiyoyi da kuma alaƙar juna, wanda a ciki akwai bambancin halaye na jima'i da tsarin chromosomal, wanda ke sanya wahalar gano mutum kamar na jinsi ko na mace.

Bugu da kari, ana gano chimerism ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da ke tantance kwayoyin halitta, DNA, da kuma kasancewar jinsin DNA biyu ko fiye a cikin jan jinin, alal misali, ana iya tabbatar dasu. Bugu da kari, a yanayin chimerism bayan dasawa da kwayoyin jini, ana iya gano wannan canji ta hanyar binciken kwayar halitta da ke kimanta alamun da aka sani da STRs, waɗanda ke iya bambance ƙwayoyin mai karɓa da mai bayarwa.