Menene Maimaitawa?

Wadatacce

• Bayani
• Enaddamarwa mai ƙarfi (ISR)
• Kwayar cutar ta restenosis
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da sake dawowa
• Lokaci don sake farfadowa na faruwa
• Ganewar asali na cutar
• Jiyya na restenosis
• Kasancewa da kuma rigakafin farfadowa

Bayani

Stenosis yana nufin taƙaitawa ko toshewar jijiya saboda gina wani abu mai ƙanshi da ake kira plaque (atherosclerosis). Lokacin da ya faru a cikin jijiyoyin zuciya (jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini), ana kiran sa jijiya ta jijiyoyin jini.

Sake bayyana (“re” + “stenosis”) shine lokacin da wani sashi na jijiyar da aka kula da ita a baya ta sake kunkuntar.

Enaddamarwa mai ƙarfi (ISR)

Angioplasty, wani nau'in hanyar shiga cikin jijiyoyin jiki (PCI), hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don buɗewa jijiyoyin da aka toshe. Yayin aikin, ana sanya karamin scaan karfe, wanda ake kira bugun zuciya, koyaushe ana sanya shi a cikin jijiyar inda aka sake buɗe ta. Entaron yana taimakawa buɗe jijiya.

Lokacin da aka toshe wani sashin jijiyar jini tare da daskarewa, ana kiran sa in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Lokacin da gudan jini, ko thrombus, ya samo asali a cikin wani ɓangaren jijiyoyin jini tare da stent, ana kiran shi in-stent thrombosis (IST).

Kwayar cutar ta restenosis

Sake dawowa, tare da ko ba tare da ɓoyi ba, yana faruwa a hankali. Ba zai haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ba har sai toshewar ta yi mummunan da za ta hana zuciya samun ƙananan jinin da take buƙata.

Lokacin da alamomi suka bunkasa, yawanci suna kamanceceniya da alamun asalin matsalar toshewar tun kafin a daidaita ta. Yawanci wadannan sune alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (CAD), kamar ciwon kirji (angina) da gajeren numfashi.

IST yawanci yakan haifar da bayyanar cututtuka masu tsanani. Yakin yakan kasance yana toshe dukkan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, saboda haka babu jini da zai iya zuwa ɓangaren zuciyar da yake bayarwa, yana haifar da bugun zuciya (myocardial infarction).

Baya ga alamun kamuwa da bugun zuciya, za a iya samun alamun rikice-rikice kamar gazawar zuciya.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da sake dawowa

Balaloon angioplasty hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don magance cututtukan zuciya. Ya haɗa da zaren catheter a cikin kunkuntar ɓangaren jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Theara balan-balan ɗin a kan bututun catheter yana tura allon a gefe, yana buɗe jijiya.

Hanya tana lalata ganuwar jijiyar. Sabon nama yana girma a bangon da ya ji rauni yayin jijiyoyin na warkewa. Daga qarshe, wani sabon layin na lafiyayyun kwayoyin halitta, wanda ake kira endothelium, ya mamaye shafin.

Sake dawowa yana faruwa ne saboda bangon jijiyoyin roba suna komawa a hankali bayan an bude a bude. Hakanan, jijiyar tana ragewa idan girman nama yayin warkarwa yayi yawa.

Developedananan baƙin ƙarfe (BMS) an haɓaka don taimakawa tsayayya da sake buɗewar bugun jini don rufe yayin warkarwa.

BMS ana sanya shi tare da bangon jijiya lokacin da aka kumbura balan-balan yayin angioplasty. Yana hana katangar motsawa baya, amma sabon ci gaban nama yana faruwa saboda amsa rauni. Lokacin da nama da yawa suka yi girma, jijiyar ta fara kunkuntar, kuma za'a iya yin restenosis.

Magungunan ƙwayoyi masu guba (DES) yanzu sune hanyoyin da akafi amfani dasu. Sun rage mahimmancin matsalar sake kamuwa da cutar, kamar yadda aka samu ta hanyar yawan rashi da aka samu a wata kasida ta 2009 da aka buga a American American Physician:

• balloon angioplasty ba tare da stent: 40 bisa dari na marasa lafiya sun ci gaba restenosis
• BMS: kashi 30 cikin ɗari sun haɓaka cutar sankarau
• DES: a ƙarƙashin kashi 10 cikin ɗari sun haɓaka restenosis

Atherosclerosis kuma na iya haifar da restenosis. A DES yana taimakawa hana sake kamuwa da cuta saboda sabon ci gaban nama, amma baya shafar mahimmancin yanayin wanda ya haifar da stenosis da fari.

Sai dai idan abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗarinku sun canza bayan sanya su, za a ci gaba da yin abubuwa a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyinku, gami da na baƙin ciki, wanda zai iya haifar da cutar rashin ƙarfi.

Tashin jini, ko kuma daskararren jini, na iya samuwa lokacin da dalilan daskarewa a cikin jini suka hadu da wani abu da baƙon abu ne ga jiki, kamar stent. Abin farin, bisa ga, IST na ci gaba ne kawai da kusan kashi 1 cikin ɗari na bakin jini.

Lokaci don sake farfadowa na faruwa

Sake dawowa, tare da ko ba tare da sanya shi ba, yawanci yana nuna tsakanin watanni uku da shida bayan an sake buɗe jijiya. Bayan shekara ta farko, haɗarin ɓarkewar cutar rashin ƙarfi daga haɓakar ƙwayar nama mai ƙarancin gaske.

Saukewa daga CAD mai mahimmanci yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci don ci gaba, kuma mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru ne shekara ɗaya ko fiye bayan da aka bi da cutar ta asali. Haɗarin cutar sankarau na ci gaba har sai an rage abubuwan haɗarin cututtukan zuciya.

Dangane da, yawancin ISTs suna faruwa a farkon watanni bayan sanya su, amma akwai ƙarami, amma mahimmanci, haɗari a farkon shekarar. Shan abubuwan sikanin jini na iya rage haɗarin IST.

Ganewar asali na cutar

Idan likitanku yana tsammanin restenosis, yawanci za su yi amfani da ɗayan gwaje-gwaje uku. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna taimakawa don samun bayanai game da wuri, girman, da sauran halaye na toshewa. Sune:

• Maganin jijiyoyin jini An yi wa dye allura a jijiyar don bayyana toshewa da kuma nuna yadda jini yake gudana a kan hoton-ray.
• Intravascular duban dan tayi. Ana fitar da raƙuman ruwa daga catheter don ƙirƙirar hoto na cikin jijiyar.
• Tsarin haɗin kai na gani. Ana fitar da raƙuman ruwa daga catheter don ƙirƙirar hotunan ƙuduri masu kyau na cikin jijiyar.

Jiyya na restenosis

Sake bayyana wanda baya haifar da alamomin yawanci baya buƙatar magani.

Lokacin da alamomi suka bayyana, yawanci a hankali sukan tsananta, don haka akwai lokacin da za a magance raunin jiki kafin jijiyar ta rufe gaba daya kuma ta haifar da bugun zuciya.

Sake dawo da cutar a cikin jijiya ba tare da wani abu ba yawanci ana bi da shi tare da balon angioplasty da sanya DES.

ISR yawanci ana kula dashi tare da saka wani abu (yawanci DES) ko angioplasty ta amfani da balan-balan. An lullube balan-balan ɗin tare da magani da aka yi amfani da shi akan DES don hana haɓakar nama.

Idan hargitsi ya ci gaba da faruwa, likitanku na iya yin la'akari da tiyata ta jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (CABG) don kauce wa sanya shinge da yawa.

Wani lokaci, idan ka fi so kada a sami hanya ko tiyata ko kuma ba za ka iya jure shi da kyau ba, za a bi da alamunka da magani shi kaɗai.

IST kusan koyaushe gaggawa ce. Har zuwa kashi 40 na mutanen da ke da IST ba su tsira ba. Dangane da alamun cutar, an fara magani don angina mara ƙarfi ko bugun zuciya. Yawancin lokaci ana yin PCI don ƙoƙarin sake buɗe jijiyar da wuri-wuri da rage girman lalacewar zuciya.

Zai fi kyau a hana IST fiye da ƙoƙarin magance shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, tare da aspirin na yau da kullun don rayuwa, kuna iya karɓar wasu masu rage jini, kamar clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), ko ticagrelor (Brilinta).

Ana ɗaukar waɗannan abubuwan sikanin jini na mafi ƙarancin wata ɗaya, amma yawanci na shekara ɗaya ko fiye, bayan sanya su.

Kasancewa da kuma rigakafin farfadowa

Fasahar yau da kullun ta rage ƙarancin yuwuwar cewa zaku sami rashi daga cututtukan nama bayan angioplasty ko sanya wuri.

Dawowar sannu a hankali alamun da kake ji kafin toshewar farko a jijiyar alama ce da ke nuna cewa cutar sankarau na faruwa, kuma ya kamata ka ga likitanka.

Babu wani abu mai yawa da zaka iya yi don hana sake kamuwa da cutar saboda yawan ciwan nama yayin aikin warkewa. Koyaya, zaku iya taimakawa hana sake kamuwa da cuta sakamakon cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki.

Yi ƙoƙari ku kula da rayuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya wacce ta haɗa da rashin shan sigari, lafiyayyen abinci, da motsa jiki matsakaici. Wannan na iya rage haɗarin ambaton plaque a jijiyoyin ku.

Hakanan baza ku yuwuwar samun IST ba, musamman bayan da kuka sami madaidaiciya na wata ɗaya ko fiye. Ba kamar ISR ba, duk da haka, IST yawanci mai tsananin gaske kuma yakan haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtukan zuciya.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa hana IST ta shan abubuwan kara kuzari na jini muddin likitanku ya ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci.