Alamomin shan ku na yau da kullun na iya zama Matsala

Wadatacce

• Menene Matsalolin Sha?
• Abin da za ku yi Idan kuna tunanin kuna da matsalar sha
• Bita don

Wata dare a watan Disamba, Michael F. ya lura cewa shansa ya karu sosai. "A farkon barkewar cutar kusan abin jin daɗi ne," in ji shi Siffa. "Ya ji kamar zango." Amma bayan lokaci, Michael (wanda ya nemi a canza sunansa don kare rashin saninsa) ya fara shan barasa, da farko da kuma da safe.

Michael yana nesa da shi kaɗai. An ruwaito daya daga cikin Amurkawa takwas na kokawa da matsalar shan barasa, bisa ga binciken da aka buga a JAMA ilimin halin dan Adam. Kuma bincike ya nuna karuwar shaye-shaye da shaye-shaye a duk lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Dandalin dillalai da bayanan masu amfani da Nielsen sun ba da rahoton karuwar kashi 54 cikin ɗari na siyar da barasa a cikin makon da ya gabata na Maris 2020, da ƙaruwar kashi 262 cikin ɗari na siyar da barasa akan layi idan aka kwatanta da 2019. A cikin Afrilu 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa karuwar Yin amfani da barasa na iya ƙara haɗarin kiwon lafiya, gami da "cututtuka masu yaɗuwa da cututtukan da ba za a iya kamuwa da su ba da kuma rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, waɗanda za su iya sa mutum ya fi fuskantar COVID-19."

Kwararru kan lafiyar kwakwalwa da suka kware kan shaye-shaye da shaye-shaye sun ce akwai abubuwa da dama da za su sa mutum ya fara sha. Kuma cutar ta COVID-19, abin takaici, ta samar da yawancin su.

"Halin rayuwar mutane yana rushewa. Mutane suna kara muni barci. Suna kara damuwa, kuma tabbas akwai wani bangaren maganin kai ga wannan tare da barasa, "in ji Sean X. Luo, MD, Ph.D., wani likitan kwakwalwa na jaraba. a New York. "Mutane suna ƙara shan abin sha don jin daɗi, yin bacci mafi kyau, da sauransu. Kuma saboda wasu yanayi waɗanda za su iya inganta rayuwar lafiya - nishaɗi, ayyukan zamantakewa - ba su nan, mutane suna amfani da barasa don samun gamsuwa nan da nan." (Mai Alaka: Yadda Jingina Cikin Motsa jiki Ya Taimaka Ni Barin Sha Da Kyau)

Idan kuna cikin waɗanda suka fara shan giya yayin bala'in, kuna iya yin mamakin ko ya kai ga matsalar sha. Ga abin da ya kamata ku sani.

Menene Matsalolin Sha?

"Shaye-shaye" ba ganewar asibiti bane a hukumance, amma "rashin amfani da barasa" shine, in ji Dokta Luo. ("Alcoholism" kalma ce ta magana game da yanayin, tare da "cin zarafin barasa," da "dogaran barasa.") "Addiction na barasa" ana amfani da shi don kwatanta mummunan ƙarshen rashin amfani da barasa, lokacin da mutum ba zai iya sarrafa abin da ya faru ba. iza yin amfani da barasa, ko da a fuskantar mummunan sakamako.

"An ayyana matsalar shan barasa a matsayin shan barasa da ke dagula ayyukan mutane a wurare daban-daban," in ji Dokta Luo. "Ba a ayyana shi sosai ta yawan abin da kuke sha ko yawan sha. Duk da haka, gabaɗaya bayan wani mahimmin adadin barasa zai iya bayyana matsala." A wasu kalmomi, ana iya la'akari da wani mai sha "haske" amma har yanzu yana da matsalar shan barasa, yayin da wanda zai iya sha akai-akai amma wanda ayyukansa ba su da tasiri ba zai yi ba.

Don haka maimakon a mai da hankali kan adadin da kuke sha, zai fi kyau ku yi la’akari da halaye iri-iri don sanin ko shan barasa ya zama matsala ko a’a, in ji Dokta Luo. "Idan ka bude Bincike da kuma Ƙididdigar Littafin Magunguna, [an bayyana rashin amfani da barasa ta hanyar] janyewa da haƙuri, wanda ke ƙara yawan barasa da kuke amfani da su," in ji shi. murmurewa daga amfani."

Lokacin shan giya ya fara yin katsalandan ga ayyukan zamantakewar ku ko aikin ku, ko ku fara yin abubuwa masu haɗari a lokaci guda kamar sha da tuƙi, wannan alama ce matsala, in ji shi. Wasu ƙarin misalan alamun rashin amfani da barasa sun haɗa da son abin sha don haka ba za ku iya tunanin wani abu ba, ci gaba da sha duk da cewa yana tasiri dangantakar ku da ƙaunatattunku, ko fuskantar alamun janyewar kamar rashin barci, rashin natsuwa, tashin zuciya, gumi, zuciya mai tsere, ko damuwa lokacin da ba ku sha ba, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Alcohol da Alcoholism ta ƙasa.

Dokta Luo ya lura cewa idan kuna da "lalacewar tabin hankali da na likita" waɗanda yanayin shaye-shaye zai iya tsananta muku (kamar ciwon sukari) "ko kuma idan shan giya yana haifar da baƙin ciki da damuwa kuma duk da haka kuna ci gaba da sha, waɗannan shaida ne cewa barasa yana zama matsala."

Abin da za ku yi Idan kuna tunanin kuna da matsalar sha

Sabanin zato da aka saba yi game da amfani da giya, yawancin mutane iya Mark Edison, MD, Ph.D., masanin ilimin halayyar ɗabi'a da ƙwararren barasa. "Daya daga cikin manya 12, a kowane lokaci, yana yawan shan giya a wannan ƙasa," in ji Dr. Edison. "Bayan shekara guda, da yawa daga cikinsu ba sa samun matsala da barasa kuma."

Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 game da mutanen da ke shan barasa ya gano cewa kashi 25 cikin dari na mahalarta har yanzu ana rarraba su a matsayin masu dogara ga barasa shekara guda bayan haka, ko da yake kashi 25 cikin dari na mahalarta sun sami magani. Wani binciken da aka yi a 2013 kamar haka ya gano cewa mafi yawan waɗanda suka murmure daga dogaro da barasa ba su “sami damar yin amfani da kowane irin magani ko shiga cikin matakai 12 ba.” Ya sami ƙungiyoyi tsakanin samun farfadowa da abubuwa kamar kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar addini da kuma yin aure kwanan nan a karon farko ko kuma ya yi ritaya. (Mai alaka: Menene Amfanin Rashin Shan Giya?)

"Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa [game da shan barasa]," in ji Dokta Edison. "Tatsuniya guda ɗaya shine cewa dole ne ku isa 'ƙasan dutse' kafin ku iya canzawa. Wannan ba shi da goyon bayan bincike." Wani tatsuniya shine cewa kuna buƙatar tafiya cikin nutsuwa gaba ɗaya don sarrafa shan barasa. A gaskiya ma, saboda yiwuwar janyewar bayyanar cututtuka, yin amfani da barasa sau da yawa ya fi dacewa don barin "turkey mai sanyi."

Idan kun ji shan ku ya zama matsala, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za ku iya yi a yanzu don taimaka muku rage yawan shan barasa cikin aminci da lafiya. Dokta Edison ya ba da shawarar mutane su ziyarci gidan yanar gizon NIAAA, wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani kan komai daga yadda za a tantance ko shan ku yana da matsala zuwa daftarin aiki da lissafi don taimaka muku canza halayen shaye -shayen ku.

SmartRecovery.org, ƙungiya ce ta 'yanci, kyauta ga mutanen da ko dai suna so su rage shaye -shayen su ko su daina aiki gaba ɗaya, wata hanya ce mai amfani ga waɗanda ke neman yin canji, in ji Dr. Edison. (Mai alaka: Yadda ake daina shan barasa ba tare da jin kamar Pariah ba)

"Wataƙila ba za ku so kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar [goyon bayan takwarorina] da farko ba, kuma ya kamata ku gwada aƙalla ƙungiyoyi uku kafin ku yanke shawarar ci gaba da tafiya," in ji Dokta Edison. (Wannan zai ba ku damar samun salon tarurrukan da ya fi dacewa da ku.) "Amma za ku sami ƙarfafawa daga 'yan kungiya. Za ku sami mafita ta hanyar sauraron wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin taimakawa kansu. Za ku ji labarai irin naku. . Yanzu kuma, za ku ji wasu labarai masu tayar da hankali, amma za ku tuna cewa ba ku kaɗai ba ne.

Haɗuwa da ƙungiyar goyon bayan takwarorina na iya sa ku ji ƙarin goyan baya a ƙoƙarinku na murmurewa daga cutar shan giya, da rage shaye -shayen giya, laifi, ko kunya, a cewar wata kasida a Abun Zagi da Gyara. Labarin ya lura cewa a lokuta da yawa, tallafin takwarorina baya maye gurbin magani tare da ƙwararren masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa, tunda masu gudanarwa ba su da isasshen horo don "sarrafa yanayin tabin hankali ko yanayin haɗari." Ya kamata ku sadu da ƙwararren masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa wanda zai iya ba da shawarar shiga ƙungiyar goyon bayan tsara. (Mai alaƙa: Yadda ake Nemo Maka Mafi kyawun Ma'aikatan Jiyya)

Yawancin kwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa da suka kware kan jaraba suna ba da zaman nasiha ta hanyar Zuƙowa, kuma wasu sun sami damar buɗe ofisoshinsu cikin aminci don ba da shawara a cikin mutum, in ji Dokta Luo. "A saman wannan, akwai ƙarin jiyya mai ƙarfi inda [marasa lafiya] za a iya ware su daga mawuyacin halin su ko kuma idan da gaske suna buƙatar kawar da giya daga barasa kuma ba lafiya a yi shi a cikin asibiti," (a cikin yanayin mutanen da suka kasance shan barasa mai yawa kuma ya fara fuskantar matsanancin bayyanar cututtuka kamar hallucinations ko convulsions), in ji Dokta Luo. "Don haka zaku iya zuwa neman likitan asibiti a cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ke sauƙaƙe, waɗanda kuma a buɗe suke duk da barkewar cutar." Idan kuna tunanin kuna da rashin amfani da barasa, NIAAA tana ba da shawarar yin la'akari da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko likita don sanin ko wace hanyar magani ce ta dace da ku.

Idan kun yi la'akari da shan barasa a yayin cutar ta COVID-19 da ke gudana kuma kuna zargin kuna da matsala, yana da kyau koyaushe ku nemi shawarar ƙwararrun masu shaye-shaye da yin magana da amintattun dangi, abokai, da/ko masoya don ƙarin tallafi.

Bita don