Abin da za a sani Game da Mataki na 4 Ciwon Koda

Wadatacce

• Menene cutar koda ta mataki 4?
• Menene alamun alamun cutar 4 ta koda?
• Menene rikitarwa daga cutar koda ta mataki na 4?
• Menene hanyoyin zaɓin magani don cutar koda ta huɗu?
• Kulawa da sarrafawa
• Rage ci gaban
• Yanke shawara matakai na gaba
• Mataki na 4 abincin rashin lafiyar koda
• Mataki na 4 cutar cututtukan koda ya canza
• Menene hangen nesa don cutar koda ta mataki 4?
• Maɓallin kewayawa

Akwai matakai 5 na cutar koda mai tsanani. A mataki na 4, kuna da mummunar lalacewar da ba za a iya sakewa ga koda ba. Koyaya, akwai matakan da zaku iya ɗauka yanzu don ragewa ko hana ci gaba zuwa gazawar koda.

Ci gaba karatu yayin da muke bincika:

• mataki na 4 cutar koda
• yadda ake magani
• abin da zaka iya yi don sarrafa lafiyar ka

Menene cutar koda ta mataki 4?

Mataki na 1 da mataki na 2 ana ɗauke da matakin farkon cutar ta koda. Kodan ba sa aiki a kashi 100, amma har yanzu suna aiki da kyau yadda ba za ku sami alamun bayyanar ba.

A mataki na 3, kun rasa kusan rabin aikin koda, wanda zai haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani.

Idan kana da cutar koda ta mataki na 4, yana nufin kodan ka sun sami mummunar lalacewa. Kuna da ƙimar tacewa ta duniya, ko GFR, na 15-29 ml / min. Wannan shine adadin jinin da kodanku zasu iya tacewa a minti daya.

GFR an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar auna adadin adadin halitta, kayan ɓarnata, a cikin jininka. Hakanan lissafin yana daukar shekaru, jima'i, kabila, da girman jiki la'akari. Kodan suna aiki a kashi 15-29 na al'ada.

GFR bazai zama daidai a cikin wasu yanayi ba, kamar idan kun:

• suna da ciki
• suna da kiba sosai
• suna da muscular
• da matsalar rashin abinci

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da zasu taimaka wajen tantance matakin sune:

• gwajin jini don neman wasu kayan sharar gida
• glucose na jini
• gwajin fitsari don neman kasancewar jini ko furotin
• hawan jini
• gwajin hoto don bincika tsarin kodan

Mataki na 4 shine mataki na karshe kafin gazawar koda, ko mataki na 5 na cutar koda.

Menene alamun alamun cutar 4 ta koda?

A mataki na 4, alamun cuta na iya haɗawa da:

• riƙe ruwa
• gajiya
• ƙananan ciwon baya
• matsalolin bacci
• karuwar fitsari da fitsarin da ke bayyana ja ko duhu

Menene rikitarwa daga cutar koda ta mataki na 4?

Matsaloli daga riƙe ruwa zai iya haɗawa da:

• kumburi na hannaye da kafafu (edema)
• hawan jini (hauhawar jini)
• ruwa a cikin huhu (huhu na huhu)

Idan matakan potassium sun yi yawa (hyperkalemia), zai iya shafar ikon zuciyar ku ta aiki.

Sauran rikitarwa masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin zuciya da na jini (na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini)
• kumburi na membrane a kusa da zuciyar ku (pericardium)
• babban cholesterol
• ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar jini (anemia)
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• kasusuwa marasa ƙarfi
• rashin karfin erectile, rage haihuwa, ƙananan jima'i
• wahalar tattara hankali, kamuwa, da canjin hali saboda lalacewar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya
• rauni ga kamuwa da cuta saboda raunin garkuwar jiki

Idan kun kasance masu ciki, cutar koda na iya ƙara haɗari a gare ku da kuma ga jaririn.

Menene hanyoyin zaɓin magani don cutar koda ta huɗu?

Kulawa da sarrafawa

A cikin cututtukan koda na mataki na 4, zaku ga ƙwararren ƙodarku (nephrologist) sau da yawa, yawanci sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 3 don kula da yanayinku. Don bincika aikin koda, za a gwada jininka matakan:

• giyar bicarbonate
• alli
• creatinine
• haemoglobin
• phosphorus
• potassium

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun zasu hada da:

• furotin a cikin fitsari
• hawan jini
• halin ruwa

Kwararka zai sake nazarin ku:

• hadarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
• matsayin rigakafi
• magunguna na yanzu

Rage ci gaban

Babu magani, amma akwai matakan da zasu iya jinkirta ci gaba. Wannan yana nufin sa ido da sarrafa yanayi kamar:

• karancin jini
• cutar kashi
• ciwon sukari
• edema
• babban cholesterol
• hauhawar jini

Yana da mahimmanci a sha duk magungunan ka kamar yadda aka umurta don taimakawa hana ciwan koda da cututtukan zuciya.

Yanke shawara matakai na gaba

Saboda mataki na 4 shine mataki na karshe kafin gazawar koda, mai ba da lafiyarku zai yi magana da ku game da yiwuwar. Wannan shine lokacin yanke shawara akan matakai na gaba idan hakan ta faru.

Ana magance gazawar koda tare da:

• dialysis
• dashen koda
• taimako (palliative) kulawa

Gidauniyar Kidney ta kasa tana bada shawarar fara wankin koda lokacin da aikin koda yake a kashi 15 ko kasa da haka. Da zarar aiki yayi kasa da kashi 15, kana cikin mataki na 5 na cutar koda.

Mataki na 4 abincin rashin lafiyar koda

Abinci don cututtukan koda ya dogara da wasu yanayi, kamar ciwon sukari. Yi magana da mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya game da abinci ko ka nemi miƙa kai ga likitan abincin.

Gabaɗaya, rage cin abinci don cutar koda ya kamata:

• fifita sabbin kayan abinci akan kayayyakin sarrafawa
• suna da ƙananan nama, kaji, da kifi
• unsa matsakaici zuwa rashin shan barasa
• rage yawan cholesterol, wadataccen mai, da ingantaccen sugars
• guji gishiri

Matakan Phosphorus na iya zama da yawa ko ƙasa ƙwarai, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci ku tafi aikinku na kwanan nan. Abincin da yake da sinadarin phosphorus sun hada da:

• kayayyakin kiwo
• kwayoyi
• man gyada
• busassun wake, wake, da kuma wake
• koko, giya, da kuma duhun cola
• Bran

Idan matakan potassium sun yi yawa, yanke kan:

• ayaba, kankana, lemu, da busasshen fruita fruitan itace
• dankali, tumatir, da avocados
• kayan lambu masu duhu
• shinkafa da launin ruwan kasa
• abincin kiwo
• wake, wake, da kwaya
• bran hatsi, dukan burodin alkama, da taliya
• Masu maye gurbin gishiri
• nama, kaji, alade, da kifi

Tabbatar tattauna abincin ku a kowane alƙawari tare da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya. Wataƙila kuyi gyare-gyare bayan nazarin sabbin gwaje-gwajenku.

Yi magana da mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya game da wane, idan akwai, kayan abincin da ya kamata ku sha kuma ko ya kamata ku canza yawan shan ruwa ko a'a.

Mataki na 4 cutar cututtukan koda ya canza

Akwai wasu canje-canje na rayuwa don taimakawa hana ƙarin lalacewar koda. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Ba shan taba, idan kun sha taba. Shan taba yana lalata jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jikin mutum. Yana kara hadarin daskarewa, bugun zuciya, da shanyewar barin jiki. Idan kuna da matsala barin, yi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya game da shirye-shiryen dakatar da shan sigari.
• Motsa jiki. Yi nufin motsa jiki na mintina 30 a rana, aƙalla kwanaki 5 a mako.
• Allauki duk magungunan da aka tsara kamar yadda aka umurta. Baya ga shan duk magungunan da aka rubuta, tambayi likitan ku kafin ƙara magunguna ko kari a kan kanti (OTC).
• Duba likitan ku akai-akai. Tabbatar da bayar da rahoto da tattauna kowane sabon abu da damuwa da alamomi tare da mai ba da lafiyar ku.

Menene hangen nesa don cutar koda ta mataki 4?

Babu maganin warkar da cutar koda ta mataki na 4. Manufar magani ita ce ta hana ciwan koda da kuma kiyaye rayuwa mai kyau.

A shekarar 2012, masu bincike sun gano cewa maza da mata masu fama da karancin aikin koda, musamman kasa da kashi 30 cikin dari, sun rage karfin rayuwa sosai.

Sun lura cewa mata suna da tsawon rai a duk matakan cututtukan koda banda mataki na 4, inda kawai akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan ta jinsi. Hannun hankali yana da talauci tare da shekaru.

• A shekaru 40, tsawon rai yana da kimanin shekaru 10.4 ga maza kuma shekaru 9.1 ga mata.
• A shekara 60, tsawon rai ya kai kimanin shekaru 5.6 ga maza kuma shekaru 6.2 na mata.
• A shekara 80, tsawon rai ya kai kimanin shekaru 2.5 ga maza kuma shekaru 3.1 ga mata.

Hannunku na mutum kuma ya dogara da yanayin haɗin gwiwa da kuma irin maganin da kuka samu. Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na iya ba ku kyakkyawan sanin abin da za ku yi tsammani.

Maɓallin kewayawa

Mataki na 4 cutar koda mummunan yanayi ne. Kulawa da kulawa da kyau na iya taimakawa jinkirin ci gaba kuma yana iya hana ƙarancin koda.

A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a yi shiri don wankin koda ko dashen koda yayin gazawar koda.

Jiyya ya haɗa da kula da yanayin lafiya tare da kulawa mai taimako. Yana da mahimmanci ka ga likitan koda a kai a kai don lura da yanayin ka da saurin ci gaban cutar.