Matakan Hankali

Wadatacce

• Ire-iren rashin hankali
• Alzheimer ta cuta
• Rashin hankali tare da gawarwakin Lewy
• Lalacewar jijiyoyin jini
• Cutar Parkinson
• Rashin hankali na rashin daidaito
• Mixed hauka
• Yaya ake bincikar cutar rashin hankali?
• Examinationaramar yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa (MMSE)
• Mini-Cog gwajin
• Ementimar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar asibiti (CDR)
• Menene matakan rashin hankali?
• Marancin fahimta (MCI)
• Rashin hankali
• Rashin hankali na matsakaici
• Rashin hankali mai tsanani
• Menene hangen nesa ga mutanen da ke da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa?

Menene rashin hankali?

Rashin hankali yana nufin nau'in cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da lalacewa a cikin wasu ayyukan tunani. Rashin hankali na faruwa ne sakamakon canjin yanayi a cikin kwakwalwa kuma cuta ce mai ci gaba, ma’ana tana ƙara lalacewa a kan lokaci. Ga wasu mutane, cutar hauka na ci gaba cikin sauri, yayin da ya ɗauki shekaru kafin ya kai ga matakin ci gaba ga wasu. Cigaban ciwan hauka ya dogara da asalin dalilin rashin hankali. Duk da yake mutane za su fuskanci matakan rashin hankali daban, yawancin mutanen da ke da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa suna raba wasu alamun alamun.

Ire-iren rashin hankali

Alamomin da ci gaban cutar sun dogara ne da irin cutar rashin hankalin da mutum ke da shi. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake yawan ganowa na cutar mantuwa sune:

Alzheimer ta cuta

Cutar Alzheimer ita ce mafi yawan nau'in lalata. Tana da kashi 60 zuwa 80 na shari'o'in. Yawancin lokaci yana ci gaba da ciwo a hankali. Matsakaicin mutum yana rayuwa shekaru huɗu zuwa takwas bayan karɓar cutar. Wasu mutane na iya rayuwa kamar shekaru 20 bayan ganewar asali.

Alzheimer na faruwa ne saboda canje-canje na zahiri a cikin kwakwalwa, gami da haɓaka wasu sunadarai da cutar jijiyoyi.

Rashin hankali tare da gawarwakin Lewy

Lalacewa tare da jikin Lewy wani nau'i ne na lalata wanda ke faruwa saboda dunƙulen furotin a cikin bawo. Baya ga asarar ƙwaƙwalwa da rikicewa, rashin hankali tare da jikin Lewy na iya haifar da:

• damun bacci
• mafarki
• rashin daidaituwa
• sauran matsalolin motsi

Lalacewar jijiyoyin jini

Lalacewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, wanda aka fi sani da cutar bugun jini ko kuma yawan rashin natsuwa, ya kai kimanin kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk cututtukan da suka shafi cutar mantuwa. Yana haifar da toshewar hanyoyin jini. Wadannan suna faruwa ne a shanyewar jiki da sauran raunin kwakwalwa.

Cutar Parkinson

Cutar Parkinson cuta ce da ke haifar da nakasa irin ta Alzheimer a matakan ta na gaba. Cutar da galibi takan haifar da matsaloli game da motsi da sarrafa mota, amma kuma yana iya haifar da lalatawar wasu mutane.

Rashin hankali na rashin daidaito

Rashin hankali na Frontotemporal yana nufin ƙungiyar rashin hankali wanda yakan haifar da canje-canje a cikin halaye da ɗabi'a. Hakanan yana iya haifar da wahalar harshe. Rashin hankali na Frontotemporal na iya faruwa saboda yanayi daban-daban, ciki har da cutar Pick da ci gaba mai saurin narkewar jini.

Mixed hauka

Mixed dementia shine rashin hankali wanda yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan da ke haifar da larurar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa suke nan. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan Alzheimer da cutar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, amma zai iya haɗawa da wasu nau'ikan cututtukan suma.

Yaya ake bincikar cutar rashin hankali?

Babu wani gwajin da zai iya tantance ko kuna da tabin hankali. Ganewar asali ya dogara da kewayon gwajin likita da tarihin lafiyar ku. Idan kun nuna alamun rashin lafiyar likitanku likitanku zai yi:

• gwajin jiki
• jarrabawar jijiyoyin jiki
• gwajin halin hankali
• sauran gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje don yin sarauta akan wasu dalilan cututtukanku

Ba duk rikice-rikice da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna nuna lalata ba, don haka yana da mahimmanci a cire wasu sharuɗɗa, kamar hulɗar magunguna da matsalolin thyroid.

Wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka saba amfani dasu don tantance cutar rashin hankali sun haɗa da:

Examinationaramar yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa (MMSE)

MMSE tambaya ce don auna raunin hankali. MMSE yana amfani da ma'auni mai ma'ana 30 kuma ya haɗa da tambayoyin da ke gwada ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amfani da yare da fahimta, da ƙwarewar motsa jiki, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa. Kima na 24 ko mafi girma yana nuna aikin fahimi na al'ada. Yayinda maki 23 da ƙasa suke nuna cewa kuna da matsayin rashin lahani.

Mini-Cog gwajin

Wannan ɗan gajeren gwaji ne don taimaka wa likitan ku gano asalin cutar. Ya ƙunshi waɗannan matakai uku:

1. Zasu ambaci kalmomi guda uku sannan su tambayeka ka maimaita su.
2. Za su tambaye ka ka zana agogo.
3. Za su tambaye ka ka maimaita kalmomin daga matakin farko.

Ementimar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar asibiti (CDR)

Idan likitanku ya bincikar ku tare da lalata, za su iya ba da lambar CDR. Wannan ƙimar ta dogara ne akan aikin da kuka yi a cikin waɗannan da sauran gwaje-gwajen, da kuma tarihin lafiyar ku. Sakamakon sune kamar haka:

• Sakamakon 0 al'ada ne.
• Kashi 0.5 yana da saurin lalatawa.
• Sakamakon 1 shine rashin hankali.
• Kashi na 2 shine rashin hankali na matsakaici.
• Kashi na 3 mummunan lalatawa ne.

Menene matakan rashin hankali?

Rashin hankali yana ci gaba daban a cikin kowa. Mutane da yawa za su fuskanci bayyanar cututtukan da ke tattare da matakai masu zuwa na cutar Alzheimer:

Marancin fahimta (MCI)

MCI yanayi ne da zai iya shafar tsofaffi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mutane za su ci gaba da haɓaka cutar Alzheimer. MCI tana da halin rasa abubuwa sau da yawa, yawan mantawa, da samun matsala da kalmomi.

Rashin hankali

Har ila yau mutane na iya yin aiki da kansu cikin rashin tabin hankali. Koyaya, za su fuskanci ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda ke shafar rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar manta kalmomi ko inda abubuwa suke. Kwayar cututtukan yau da kullun na rashin hankali sun haɗa da:

• asarar ƙwaƙwalwar abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan
• canjin mutum, kamar zama mai ƙasƙantar da kai ko janyewa
• ɓacewa ko ɓatar da abubuwa
• wahala tare da warware matsaloli da ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar gudanar da kuɗi
• matsala shirya ko bayyana tunani

Rashin hankali na matsakaici

Mutanen da ke fuskantar matsin lamba na matsakaici na iya buƙatar ƙarin taimako a cikin rayuwar su ta yau da kullun. Ya zama da wahala a yi ayyukan yau da kullun da kuma kula da kai yayin da cutar hauka ke ci gaba. Alamun gama gari a wannan matakin sun haɗa da:

• kara rikicewa ko rashin kyakkyawan hukunci
• asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mafi girma, gami da asarar abubuwan da suka faru a cikin da can nesa
• bukatar taimako kan ayyuka, kamar sanya sutura, wanka, da kwalliya
• mahimman halaye da canje-canje na ɗabi'a, galibi haifar da tashin hankali da zato mara tushe
• canje-canje a tsarin bacci, kamar yin bacci da rana da kuma jin nutsuwa da dare

Rashin hankali mai tsanani

Mutane za su kara fuskantar taɓarɓarewar hankali har ma da taɓarɓarewar ƙarfin jiki da zarar cutar ta ci gaba har zuwa matsanancin rashin hankali. Tsananin rashin hankali sau da yawa na iya haifar da:

• asarar ikon sadarwa
• buƙatar taimako na cikakken lokaci na yau da kullun tare da ayyuka, kamar cin abinci da sutura
• asarar ƙwarewar jiki, kamar tafiya, zaune, da riƙe kai sama kuma, a ƙarshe, ikon haɗiye, sarrafa mafitsara, da aikin hanji
• wani karin saukin kamuwa da cututtuka, kamar su ciwon huhu

Menene hangen nesa ga mutanen da ke da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa?

Mutanen da ke da tabin hankali za su ci gaba ta waɗannan matakan cikin sauri daban-daban kuma tare da bambancin alamomin. Idan kun yi zargin kuna iya fuskantar alamun farko na rashin hankali, yi magana da likitanku. Duk da yake ba a samun magani ga cutar Alzheimer da sauran cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na yau da kullun, ganewar asali da wuri na iya taimaka wa mutane da danginsu yin shirin nan gaba. Binciken asali kuma yana ba mutane damar shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wannan yana taimaka wa masu bincike su samar da sabbin magunguna kuma daga karshe su samu waraka.