Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM): Cutar cututtuka, Jiyya, da Moreari

Wadatacce

• Menene alamun ATTR-CM?
• Menene ke haifar da ATTR-CM?
• Gado (dangi) ATTR
• Nau'in ATTR na daji
• Ta yaya ake gano ATTR-CM?
• Yaya ake kula da ATTR-CM?
• Menene dalilai masu haɗari?
• Menene hangen nesa idan kuna da ATTR-CM?
• Layin kasa

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) wani yanayi ne wanda aka sanya furotin da ake kira amyloid a cikin zuciyar ku, da kuma cikin jijiyoyin ku da sauran gabobin. Yana iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya da ake kira transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM).

Transthyretin shine takamaiman nau'in furotin amyloid wanda aka saka a zuciyarka idan kana da ATTR-CM. Yana ɗaukar bitamin A da hormone na jiki a ko'ina cikin jiki.

Akwai nau'ikan transthyretin amyloidosis guda biyu: nau'in daji da gado.

Nau'in nau'in ATTR (wanda aka fi sani da senile amyloidosis) ba ya haifar da maye gurbin kwayar halitta. Sunadaran da aka ajiye suna cikin sifar da ba ta canzawa ba.

A cikin ATTR na gado, sunadaran ya samu ba daidai ba (an sake shi). Daga nan sai ya dunkule wuri ɗaya kuma zai iya ƙarewa a cikin kyallen takarda na jikinku.

Menene alamun ATTR-CM?

Hannun hagu na zuciyarka yana harba jini ta jikinka. ATTR-CM na iya shafar bangon wannan ɗakin zuciyar.

Adadin amyloid yana sa ganuwar ta yi ƙarfi, don haka ba za su iya shakata ko matsi ba.

Wannan yana nufin zuciyarka ba zata iya cikawa yadda yakamata ba (rage aikin diastolic) da jini ko tsotsa jini ta cikin jikinka (rage aikin systolic). Wannan ana kiran sa bugun zuciya, wanda shine nau'in gazawar zuciya.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan irin wannan na zuciya sun hada da:

• gajeren numfashi (dyspnea), musamman yayin kwanciya ko aiki
• kumburi a kafafunku (edema na gefe)
• ciwon kirji
• bugun jini ba bisa ka'ida ba (arrhythmia)
• bugun zuciya
• gajiya
• kara hanta da saifa (hepatosplenomegaly)
• ruwa a cikin ciki (ascites)
• rashin cin abinci
• ciwon kai, musamman kan tsaye
• suma (syncope)

Wata alama ta musamman wacce wani lokacin takan faru shine hawan jini wanda a hankali yake samun sauki. Wannan na faruwa ne yayin da zuciyarka ta zama ba ta da inganci, ba za ta iya yin famfo da karfi ba don sanya hawan jini ya hauha.

Sauran alamun da zaka iya samu daga ajiyar amyloid a wasu sassan jiki banda zuciyar ka sun hada da:

• cututtukan rami na carpal
• ƙonewa da damuwa a cikin hannayenku da ƙafafunku (ƙananan neuropathy)
• ciwon baya daga cututtukan kashin baya

Idan kuna da ciwon kirji, kira 911 nan da nan.

Nemi likita kai tsaye idan ka ci gaba da waɗannan alamun:

• kara yawan numfashi
• kumburin kafa mai nauyi ko saurin riba
• saurin zuciya ko rashin tsari
• dakatarwa ko ajiyar zuciya a hankali
• jiri
• suma

Menene ke haifar da ATTR-CM?

Akwai nau'ikan ATTR iri biyu, kuma kowanne yana da sababinsa na musamman.

Gado (dangi) ATTR

A cikin wannan nau'in, transthyretin ya ɓace saboda canjin yanayin rayuwa. Ana iya yada shi daga iyaye zuwa yaro ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta.

Kwayar cutar yawanci tana farawa a cikin shekaru 50, amma zasu iya farawa tun daga shekarun 20s.

Nau'in ATTR na daji

Bayyanar da furotin abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. Jikinka yana da hanyoyin cire wadannan sunadarai kafin su haifar da matsala.

Yayin da kuka tsufa, waɗannan hanyoyin ba sa iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata, kuma sunadarai da aka ɓullo na iya dunkulewa su samar da adibas. Wannan shine abin da ke faruwa a cikin nau'in ATTR na daji.

ATTR-nau'in daji ba shine maye gurbin kwayar halitta ba, don haka ba za'a iya wuce shi ta cikin kwayoyin halittar ba.

Kwayar cutar yawanci tana farawa a cikin shekarun 60s ko 70s.

Ta yaya ake gano ATTR-CM?

Ganewar asali na iya zama da wahala saboda alamun sun yi daidai da sauran nau'ikan gazawar zuciya. Gwaje-gwajen da aka saba amfani dasu don ganewar asali sun haɗa da:

• electrocardiogram don sanin idan ganuwar zuciya tayi kauri daga adadin (yawanci wutar lantarki tana kasa)
• echocardiogram don neman katuwar bango da tantance aikin zuciya da neman tsarin shakatawa mara kyau ko alamun ƙaruwar matsi a cikin zuciya
• zuciya ta MRI don neman amyloid a cikin bangon zuciya
• biopsy na tsokar zuciya don neman amyloid a ƙarƙashin madubin microscope
• nazarin halittu yana neman ATTR mai gado

Yaya ake kula da ATTR-CM?

Transthyretin yawanci ana samar dashi ne ta hanta. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kula da ATTR-CM mai gado tare da dashen hanta idan zai yiwu. Saboda zuciya galibi bata lalacewa yayin da aka gano yanayin, ana yin dashen zuciya ne a lokaci guda.

A cikin 2019, an amince da magunguna biyu don maganin ATTR_CM: tafamidis meglumine (Vyndaqel) da tafamidis (Vyndamax) capsules.

Wasu daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya suna iya magance su tare da diuretics don cire ruwa mai yawa.

Sauran magunguna yawanci ana amfani dasu don magance cututtukan zuciya, kamar beta-blockers da digoxin (Lanoxin), na iya zama cutarwa a cikin wannan yanayin kuma bai kamata ayi amfani da su akai-akai ba.

Menene dalilai masu haɗari?

Abubuwan haɗarin haɗari na ATTR-CM na gado sun haɗa da:

• tarihin iyali na yanayin
• jinsi maza
• shekara sama da 50
• Zuriyar Afirka

Hanyoyin haɗari ga nau'in daji ATTR-CM sun haɗa da:

• shekaru sama da 65
• jinsi maza

Menene hangen nesa idan kuna da ATTR-CM?

Ba tare da hanta da dasawar zuciya ba, ATTR-CM zai kara tabarbarewa a kan lokaci. A matsakaita, mutanen da ke da ATTR-CM suna rayuwa bayan ganewar asali.

Yanayin na iya samun tasiri mai tasiri a kan ingancin rayuwar ku, amma kula da alamun ku tare da magani na iya taimakawa sosai.

Layin kasa

ATTR-CM yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi ko kuma yana da alaƙa da shekaru. Yana haifar da bayyanar cututtukan zuciya.

Ganewar asali na da wahala saboda kamanceceniya da wasu nau'ikan gazawar zuciya. Yana ƙara taɓarɓarewa a cikin lokaci amma ana iya magance shi tare da hanta da dasawar zuciya da magani don taimakawa sarrafa alamun.

Idan kun sami wani alamun alamun ATTR-CM da aka lissafa a baya, tuntuɓi likitan ku.