Microwaves: Amsoshin Tambayoyinku

Wadatacce

• Menene ya faru da abinci lokacin da aka dafa shi a cikin microwave?
• Waɗanne canje-canje kwayoyin suke, idan akwai, suna faruwa ga abinci lokacin da ake saka sautin lantarki?
• Waɗanne canje-canje masu gina jiki, idan akwai, waɗanda ke faruwa ga abinci lokacin da ake saka sautin lantarki?
• Menene tasirin mummunan tasirin microwaving food?
• An ba da shawarar cewa shuke-shuke da aka ba da microwaved ruwa ba sa girma. Shin wannan yana aiki?
• Shin akwai bambance-bambance da ake iya aunawa tsakanin girke-girke ko abincin da aka dafa a cikin tanda da na dafaffen microwave?

A cikin 1940s, Percy Spencer a Raytheon yana gwada magnetron - na'urar da ke samar da microwaves - lokacin da ya fahimci sandar alewa a aljihunsa ta narke.

Wannan binciken bazata zai sa shi ya haɓaka abin da muka sani yanzu kamar wutar lantarki ta zamani. A tsawon shekaru, wannan na'urar girkin ta zama wani abu guda ɗaya wanda ke sa aikin gida ya zama da sauƙi.

Duk da haka tambayoyin da suka shafi amincin murhun wutar lantarki sun kasance. Shin radiation din da wadannan murhunan ke amfani da shi lafiyayye ne ga mutane? Shin wannan radiation din yana lalata abubuwan gina jiki a cikin abincinmu? Kuma yaya game da cewa nazarin da aka yi akan shuke-shuke da aka shayar da ruwa mai ɗumfa microwave (ƙari kan wannan daga baya)?

Don amsa wasu shahararrun tambayoyin (da latsawa) kewaye da microwaves, mun tambayi ra'ayin ƙwararrun likitocin lafiya guda uku: Natalie Olsen, RD, LD, ACSM EP-C, mai rijistar abinci da motsa jiki; Natalie Butler, RD, LD, likita mai rijista; da Karen Gill, MD, likitan yara.

Ga abin da zasu fada.

Menene ya faru da abinci lokacin da aka dafa shi a cikin microwave?

Natalie Olsen: Microwaves wani nau'i ne na rashin amfani da wutar lantarki kuma ana amfani dashi don ɗumi abinci cikin sauri. Suna haifar da kwayoyi suyi rawar jiki da gina makamashin zafi (zafi).

A cewar hukumar ta FDA, wannan nau'in na’urar haskar wutar ba ta da isasshen kuzarin da zai iya dakatar da wutar lantarki daga kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ya bambanta da ionizing radiation, wanda zai iya canza atoms da kwayoyin kuma haifar da lalacewar salula.

Natalie Butler: Ana kawo raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, ko microwaves, ta wani bututun lantarki da ake kira magnetron. Wadannan raƙuman ruwa suna shaƙuwa da ƙwayoyin ruwa a cikin abinci, suna haifar da [ƙwayoyin] yin rawar jiki cikin sauri, wanda ke haifar da abinci mai zafi.

Karen Gill: Murhun Microwave suna amfani da raƙuman lantarki da ke da takamaiman tsayi da mita don zafi da dafa abinci. Wadannan raƙuman ruwa suna niyya ne da takamaiman abubuwa, suna amfani da ƙarfin su don samar da zafi, kuma da farko shine ruwan da ke cikin abincinku ke ɗumi.

Waɗanne canje-canje kwayoyin suke, idan akwai, suna faruwa ga abinci lokacin da ake saka sautin lantarki?

A'A: Changesananan canje-canje kwayoyin suna faruwa tare da yin amfani da microwaving, saboda ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da aka bayar. Tunda ana ɗaukarsu raƙuman ruwa ne marasa canzawa, canje-canjen sunadarai a cikin ƙwayoyin abinci ba ya faruwa.

Lokacin da abinci ya dumi a cikin microwave, sai kuzari ya shiga cikin abincin, wanda zai haifar da ions a cikin abincin su iya jujjuyawa da juyawa [da ke haifar] da kananan haduwa Wannan shine ke haifar da gogayya kuma saboda haka zafi. Sabili da haka, canjin kawai na kemikal ko na zahiri ga abincin shine yanzu yayi zafi.

NB: Kwayoyin ruwa a cikin microwaved abinci suna girgiza cikin sauri yayin da suke karɓar raƙuman ruwan wutan lantarki. Abincin da aka dafa da wanda aka dafa shi microwaved zai sami roba, yanayin bushewa saboda saurin motsi da saurin ƙafewar ƙwayoyin ruwa.

KG: Microwaves suna haifar da ƙwayoyin ruwa don motsawa cikin sauri kuma suna haifar da rikici tsakanin su - wannan yana haifar da zafi. Kwayoyin ruwan sun canza polarity, wanda aka sani da suna “flipping,” a matsayin martani ga sinadarin lantarki wanda microwaves ya kirkira. Da zarar an kashe microwave, filin makamashi ya tafi kuma ƙwayoyin ruwa suna daina canza polarity.

Waɗanne canje-canje masu gina jiki, idan akwai, waɗanda ke faruwa ga abinci lokacin da ake saka sautin lantarki?

A'A: Lokacin dumi, wasu abubuwan gina jiki a cikin abinci zasu lalace, ba tare da la'akari da an dafa shi a cikin microwave, a kan murhu, ko a cikin tanda ba. Wannan ya ce, Harvard Health ya bayyana abincin da aka dafa shi don mafi kankanin lokaci, kuma yana amfani da ƙaramin ruwa kamar yadda zai yiwu, zai fi dacewa riƙe abubuwan gina jiki. Microwave na iya yin wannan, saboda hanya ce ta saurin girki.

Wani bincike na 2009 wanda ya gwada asarar abinci mai gina jiki daga wasu hanyoyin girki ya gano cewa griddling, microwave cooking, and baking [su ne hanyoyin da suke] samar da mafi asara na abubuwan gina jiki da antioxidants.

NB: Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa a cikin microwaved abinci ya ragu yayin da yake saurin zafin jiki. Lokacin dafa shi ko dafa shi a cikin microwave, yanayin abinci na iya zama wanda ba a so. Protein na iya zama roba, mai laushi mai laushi, kuma abinci mai laima ya zama bushe.

Hakanan, bitamin C shine bitamin mai narkewa mai ruwa kuma yana da saurin lalacewa ta hanyar girke-girke na microwave fiye da narkar da abinci. Duk da haka, yayin da cin abinci na microwave na iya rage antioxidant (bitamin da ƙwayoyin jiki na wasu tsire-tsire), suna iya adana wasu abubuwan gina jiki mafi kyau a cikin tsire-tsire iri ɗaya fiye da sauran hanyoyin girke-girke, kamar gasa ko soya.

Microwaving, kuma na iya rage ƙwayoyin cuta na abinci, wanda zai iya zama hanya mai amfani ta mannawa da amincin abinci. Misali, microwaving jan kabeji ya fi tururi don karewa amma ya fi muni yayin ƙoƙarin adana bitamin C.

Yin amfani da microwaving yana kare quercetin, flavonoid a cikin farin kabeji, amma ya fi muni wajen kare kaempferol, wani flavonoid na daban, idan aka kwatanta shi da tururin.

Haka kuma, narkar da tafarnuwa ta microwaving na dakika 60 sosai yana hana abinda ke ciki, wani sinadari mai karfi wanda zai iya magance shi. An samo, duk da haka, cewa idan kun huta tafarnuwa na mintina 10 bayan an farfasa ta, yawancin allicin ana samun kariya yayin girkin microwave.

KG: Duk hanyoyin dafa abinci suna haifar da wasu asarar abubuwan gina jiki saboda dumama. Abincin microwaving yana da kyau don adana abubuwan gina jiki saboda ba kwa buƙatar amfani da mahimmin adadin ƙarin ruwa (kamar su tafasa) kuma abincinku ya dafa na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Kayan lambu sun fi dacewa da girke-girke na microwave, saboda suna da yawa a cikin ruwa kuma, sabili da haka, dafa da sauri, ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin ruwa ba. Wannan yayi kama da tururi, amma yafi sauri.

Menene tasirin mummunan tasirin microwaving food?

A'A: Ba'amurke mai kimiya ya ba da bayani daga Anuradha Prakash, mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar Abinci da Nutrition a Jami'ar Chapman, wanda ya bayyana cewa babu isassun shaidu da za su iya tabbatar da cewa microwave na cutar da lafiyar mutum.

An bayyana cewa, "kamar yadda muka sani, microwaves ba su da wani tasiri a kan abinci." A wasu kalmomin, banda canjin yanayin zafin abinci, babu ɗan tasiri sosai.

NB: Kwantena abinci na filastik waɗanda aka sanya su ta microwave na iya shigar da sinadarai masu guba cikin abincin kuma don haka ya kamata a guje su - yi amfani da gilashi maimakon hakan. Hakanan rakewar radiyo na iya faruwa a cikin ƙirar da aka tsara, mara kyau, ko tsofaffin microwaves, don haka tabbatar da tsayawa aƙalla inci shida daga microwave lokacin girki.

KG: Babu sakamako na gajere ko na dogon lokaci daga abincin microwaving. Babban haɗari tare da ruwan microwaving ko abinci mai dauke da ruwa mai yawa shine cewa zasu iya zafin jiki ba daidai ba ko zuwa yanayin zafin gaske.

Koyaushe motsa abinci da ruwa bayan microwaving su kuma kafin a duba yawan zafin. Hakanan, zaɓi kwantena masu tsaro na microwave don dumama da dafa abinci.

An ba da shawarar cewa shuke-shuke da aka ba da microwaved ruwa ba sa girma. Shin wannan yana aiki?

A'A: Binciken a kan wannan wavers. Wasu nazarin sun nuna tasiri akan shuke-shuke ta hanya mara kyau lokacin da ake amfani da ruwan microwaved. An nuna cewa radiation kan tsirrai na iya shafar bayyanar jinsi da rayuwarsu. Wannan, duk da haka, ana ganinsa da farko tare da ionizing radiation (ko mafi girman ƙarfin makamashi) [maimakon] tare da jujjuyawar da ake fitarwa ta microwaves (nonionizing, low energy).

NB: Ainihin aikin baje kolin kimiyya wanda yayi nazari akan tasirin ruwan microwave akan tsirrai ya fara yaduwa a shekara ta 2008. Har wa yau, ana amfani da ruwan microwaved har yanzu.

An nuna ruwar microwaved a wasu karatuttukan don inganta halayyar shukokin shuke-shuke da shukokin shuke-shuke, kamar a yanayin yanayin tsirrai, yayin da yake da akasin hakan a kan wasu shuke-shuke, mai yiwuwa saboda canje-canje a cikin pH, aikin ma'adinai, da motsin kwayar ruwa.

Sauran binciken kuma yana nuna sakamako masu karo da juna game da sinadarin chlorophyll na shuke-shuke: Wasu shuke-shuke sun rage launi da kuma sinadarin chlorophyll lokacin da aka shayar dasu da ruwan microwaved, alhali wasu kuma da aka fallasa sun kara sinadarin chlorophyll. Ya bayyana wasu shuke-shuke sun fi kulawa da iskar microwave fiye da wasu.

KG: A'a, wannan ba daidai bane. Wannan tatsuniya tana ta yawo shekara da shekaru kuma tana fitowa daga gwajin ilimin kimiya na yaro. Ruwan da aka mai da shi a cikin microwave sannan aka sanyaya shi daidai yake da wannan ruwan kafin a dumama shi.Babu wani canji na dindindin a tsarin kwayoyin halittar ruwa lokacin da aka dumama shi a cikin microwave.

Shin akwai bambance-bambance da ake iya aunawa tsakanin girke-girke ko abincin da aka dafa a cikin tanda da na dafaffen microwave?

A'A: Murhun Microwave yana da ingancin girke-girke tunda kuna zafafa abinci daga ciki, maimakon a waje, kamar yadda abin yake da murhu ko tanda. Saboda haka, babban banbanci tsakanin abincin da aka dafa a kan kuka ko tanda a kan microwave shine lokacin dafa abinci.

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), abincin da aka dafa a cikin murhun microwave yana da aminci kuma yana da kwatankwacin abubuwan gina jiki kamar abincin da aka dafa a murhun.

NB: Haka ne, ana iya auna bambance-bambance a cikin abincin da aka dafa a cikin microwave da sauran hanyoyin ta tsananin launi, laushi, abun cikin danshi, da polyphenol ko abun cikin bitamin.

KG: Gabaɗaya, a'a, babu. Nau'in abincin da kuke dafawa, yawan ruwan da aka kara domin dafa shi, da kuma kwandon da kuke amfani da shi duk suna iya shafar lokutan girki da yawan sinadaran da aka rasa yayin girkin.

Sau da yawa microwaved abinci na iya zama mai lafiya saboda ƙarancin lokacin girki da ƙarancin buƙatar ƙarin kitse, mai, ko ruwa da ake buƙata don girki.

Natalie Olsen likita ce mai rijista kuma mai koyar da ilimin kimiyyar motsa jiki wacce ta kware kan kula da cututtuka da rigakafin ta. Tana mai da hankali kan daidaita hankali da jiki tare da tsarin abinci gabaɗaya. Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Kiwon Lafiya da Kula da Lafiya da na Abinci, kuma tana da ƙwararren masanin motsa jiki na ACSM. Natalie tana aiki a Apple a matsayinta na masaniyar abinci, kuma tana yin tuntuba a cibiyar kula da lafiya mai kyau da ake kira Alive + Well, haka kuma ta hanyar kasuwancinta a Austin, Texas. Natalie an zabe ta a cikin "Mafi kyawun masana ilimin abinci mai gina jiki a Austin" daga Austin Fit Magazine. Tana jin daɗin kasancewa a waje, yanayi mai ɗumi, gwada sabbin girke-girke da gidajen abinci, da tafiye-tafiye.

Natalie Butler, RDN, LD, mai abinci ce a zuci kuma tana da sha'awar taimaka wa mutane su gano ƙarfin abinci, abinci na ainihi tare da girmamawa kan abinci mai nauyi-tsire. Ta kammala karatun digiri ne daga Jami'ar Jihar Stephen F. Austin a gabashin Texas kuma ta kware a kan rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka da gudanarwa da kuma kawar da abinci da lafiyar muhalli. Ita ma'aikaciyar likitan abinci ce ta kamfanin Apple, Inc., a Austin, Texas, sannan kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta na sirri, Nutritionbynatalie.com. Wurin da take cike da farin ciki shine dakin girkin ta, lambun ta, da kuma manyanta a waje, kuma tana son koyawa yaranta guda biyu girki, lambu, motsa jiki, da more rayuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya.

Dokta Karen Gill likitan yara ce. Ta kammala karatun ta ne a Jami’ar Kudancin California. Kwarewar ta ta hada da shayar da yara, abinci mai gina jiki, rigakafin kiba, da matsalar bacci da halayyar yara. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashin ilimin likitan yara a asibitin tunawa da Woodland. Ta kasance mai kula da asibiti tare da Jami'ar California, Davis, tana koyar da ɗalibai a cikin shirin mataimakin likita. Yanzu tana aiki a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya na Unguwannin, tana yiwa mazaunan Latino na gundumar Ofishin Jakadancin a San Francisco.