Allurar da aka bada shawarar a cikin jadawalin allurar riga-kafi na tsofaffi

Wadatacce

• 1. Alurar riga kafi
• 2. Allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau
• 3. Allurar rigakafin cutar shawara
• 4. Allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau
• 5. Allurar maganin rigakafi
• 6. rigakafin cutar Tetanus da diphtheria
• 7. Sau uku maganin rigakafin
• 8. Allurar rigakafin cutar hanta

Alurar riga kafi ga tsofaffi yana da matukar mahimmanci don samar da rigakafin da ya dace don yaƙi da rigakafin kamuwa da cuta, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci mutane sama da shekaru 60 da haihuwa su mai da hankali ga jadawalin allurar rigakafi da kamfen na rigakafi, musamman na mura, wanda ake ba da shawara ga mutane a kan 55 kuma yana faruwa kowace shekara.

Alluran rigakafin da aka ba da shawarar a kalandar allurar rigakafi na tsofaffi, wanda ofungiyar rigakafi ta Brazil ta ƙaddara tare da Brazilianungiyar Geriatrics da Gerontology ta Brazil, su ne 8: game da mura, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, yellow fever, viral sau uku, herpes zoster da meningococcal sankarau. Wasu daga cikin wadannan allurar rigakafin Ma'aikatar Lafiya ce ta samar dasu kyauta ta hanyar SUS, yayin da wasu kuma za'a iya siyan su a asibitocin masu zaman kansu, kamar su kan cututtukan herpes, meningococcus da hepatitis A, misali.

Jadawalin allurar rigakafin ga tsofaffi ya biyo bayan shawarwarin da theungiyar rigakafi ta Brazilianungiyar ta Brazil tare da Brazilianungiyar iwararrun Geriatrics da Gerontology ta Brazil, kuma ya haɗa da:

1. Alurar riga kafi

Mura ita ce kamuwa da cutar numfashi wanda yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura suka haifar, saboda haka yana hana mura. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda a wasu yanayi saboda raunin garkuwar jiki da canje-canje a yanayin karfin numfashi, wanda yawanci ne yayin da mutum ya tsufa, ƙwayoyin cuta da ke da alhakin mura za su iya taimaka wa ci gaban rikice-rikice, irin su ciwon huhu kuma, don haka, mura Alurar riga kafi yana iya hana wannan matsalar.

Alurar rigakafin cutar ta ƙunshi ɓangaren ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta marasa aiki kuma, don haka, babu haɗarin haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutum bayan rigakafin, kawai yana mai da martani ga tsarin garkuwar jiki, kuma ana ba da shawarar ga mutanen da suka haura shekaru 55.

• Lokacin da za a ɗauka: Sau ɗaya a shekara, zai fi dacewa kafin farkon kaka, lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka fara yawo sau da yawa kuma akwai damar samun kamuwa da mura, tunda yawanci mutane sukan daɗe a cikin rufaffiyar wurare tare da ƙarancin iska. .
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da ke da tarihin rashin saurin magani ko rashin lafiyan ƙwai ga ƙwai kaza da dangoginsu, ko kuma duk wani abin da ke cikin rigakafin. Alurar rigakafin ya kamata a ɗage a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani ko canje-canje game da daskarewar jini, idan an yi shi ta hanyar intramuscularly.

SUS ce ke bayar da rigakafin cutar kyauta a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, kuma yana da mahimmanci a dauki allurar a kowace shekara don a tabbatar da kariyar sa, saboda kwayar cutar ta Mura tana iya canzawa kuma, don haka, na iya zama mai jurewa ga riga-kafi. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci tsofaffi su sami allurar kowace shekara a lokacin kamfen na gwamnati don tabbatar da cewa garkuwar jikinsu ta yaƙi kwayar cutar ta mura sosai. Duba ƙarin game da allurar rigakafin mura.

2. Allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau

Alurar rigakafin cutar huhun maza ta hana cututtukan da kwayar cuta ke haifarwa Streptococcus ciwon huhu, yawanci cutar nimoniya da sankarau na kwayan cuta, ban da hana wannan kwayar cutar yaduwa a cikin jiki da haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta gaba daya ta jiki.

Akwai nau'ikan wannan rigakafi daban-daban guda 2 ga tsofaffi, wadanda sune 23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), wanda ke dauke da nau'ikan pneumococci 23, da kuma Conjugate 13 (VPC13), mai dauke da nau'ikan 13.

• Lokacin da za a ɗauka: gabaɗaya, ana fara amfani da tsari na 3-dose, farawa da VPC13, ana biye dashi, bayan watanni shida zuwa goma sha biyu, ta VPP23, da kuma wani ƙarfin kara ƙarfi na VPP23 bayan shekaru 5. Idan tsoho ya riga ya sami kashi na farko na VPP23, ya kamata a yi amfani da VPC13 bayan shekara 1 kuma a tsara maganin kara ƙarfi na VPP23 bayan shekaru 5 da fara amfani da maganin.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da suka nuna halin rashin kuzari game da kashi na baya na allurar rigakafin ko duk wani ɓangarenta. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a dage allurar rigakafin idan zazzabi ko canje-canje na daskarewar jini, idan aka ba shi ta cikin intramuscularly.

Wannan allurar kyauta ce ta SUS don tsofaffi waɗanda ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kamar waɗanda ke zaune a gidajen kula da jin dadin jama'a, alal misali, sauran kuma ana iya yin rigakafin a asibitoci masu zaman kansu.

3. Allurar rigakafin cutar shawara

Wannan rigakafin yana ba da kariya daga kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓi, kamuwa da cuta mai saurin haɗuwa daga sauro kuma ana iya yin shi a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na SUS kyauta. An ba da shawarar wannan rigakafin ga mazaunan yankunan da ke fama da cutar, mutanen da ke tafiya zuwa yankunan da ke fama da cutar ko kuma duk lokacin da wata bukata ta duniya ta buƙata, a yankin da ake ganin yana cikin haɗari.

• Lokacin da za a ɗauka: a halin yanzu, ma'aikatar lafiya ta bayar da shawarar kashi 1 kawai na rayuwa daga watanni 9, amma, mutanen da ba su taba yin allurar ba ya kamata su sha maganin idan suna rayuwa ko tafiya zuwa wani yanki mai hatsarin gaske, wanda ya hada da yankunan karkara a Arewa da Midwest na kasar ko kasashen da ke fama da cutar zazzabin shawara, kamar kasashen Afirka da Ostiraliya, misali.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: tsofaffi waɗanda ke da tarihin rashin lafiyan abu bayan sun sha ƙwai na kaji ko abubuwan rigakafin, cututtukan da ke rage rigakafi, irin su kansar, ciwon suga, kanjamau ko amfani da magungunan rigakafi, chemotherapy ko radiotherapy, alal misali, kuma a cikin yanayin rashin lafiya mai saurin kamuwa da cuta .

Ya kamata a yi allurar rigakafin cutar zazzaɓin ne kawai a cikin yanayin buƙatu mafi girma, tare da guje wa amfani da shi ga tsofaffi marasa ƙarfi da kuma mutanen da ke da rigakafin cuta. Wannan saboda alurar rigakafin an yi ta ne daga samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta masu narkewa kuma ana samun haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, tare da hoto mai kama da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, wanda ake kira "virus visceralization".

4. Allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau

Wannan rigakafin yana ba da kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta Neisseria meningitidis, wanda aka fi sani da Meningococcus, wanda ke iya yaduwa ta hanyoyin jini kuma yana haifar da munanan cututtuka, kamar su cutar sankarau da meningococcemia, wanda shine lokacin da kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin sankarau ta kai ga jini kuma ta haifar da kamuwa da cutar baki ɗaya.

Tun da har yanzu ba a yi karatun kimiyya da yawa da aka yi da wannan rigakafin a cikin tsofaffi ba, yawanci ana ba da shawarar wasu lokuta na haɗarin haɗari, kamar a cikin yanayin annobar cutar ko tafiye-tafiye zuwa wuraren da ke cikin haɗari.

• Lokacin da za a ɗauka: yakamata ayi amfani da kashi daya a lokuta na annoba.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da ke da alaƙa da kowane irin abu na rigakafin. Sake jinkirta idan akwai rashin lafiya tare da zazzabi ko cututtukan da ke haifar da rikicewar tabin jini.

Ana samun allurar rigakafin cutar meningococcal ne a asibitocin rigakafi masu zaman kansu.

5. Allurar maganin rigakafi

Herpes zoster cuta ce ta sake kunnawa da kwayar cutar kaza wanda zai iya zama a kan jijiyoyin jiki na tsawon shekaru, kuma yana haifar da bayyanar ƙanana, ja da mawuyacin ciwo mai zafi a kan fata. Wannan kamuwa da cutar ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin tsofaffi da kuma mutanen da ke da rauni a garkuwar jiki, kuma da yake yana iya zama ba shi da kyau sosai kuma ya bar ciwo mai raɗaɗi a kan fata wanda zai iya ɗauka tsawon shekaru, tsofaffi da yawa sun zaɓi rigakafin.

• Yaushe za'a dauka: ana bada shawara guda daya ga duk mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 60. Ga mutanen da suka riga sun kamu da cutar ƙaiƙayi, dole ne ku jira aƙalla watanni shida zuwa shekara 1 don a yi amfani da rigakafin.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke cikin allurar, ko waɗanda ke da rauni a jikinsu saboda cututtuka ko amfani da magunguna, kamar mutanen da ke ɗauke da cutar kanjamau, cutar kansa, ta yin amfani da tsarin corticosteroids ko kuma maganin tausa, misali.

Ana iya amfani da rigakafin shingles a cikin asibitocin rigakafin masu zaman kansu. Nemi ƙarin game da menene kuma yadda za ayi maganin cututtukan fata.

6. rigakafin cutar Tetanus da diphtheria

Allurar riga-kafi biyu, ko dT, tana ba da kariya daga kamuwa daga cututtukan ta tetanus, wanda ke da mummunar cuta mai saurin yaduwa da ke iya kaiwa ga mutuwa, da diphtheria, wacce cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa.

• Lokacin da za a ɗauka: kowace shekara 10, a matsayin ƙarfafawa ga mutanen da aka yiwa rigakafin daidai lokacin yarinta. Ga tsofaffi waɗanda ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba ko kuma ba su da rigakafin rigakafin, ya zama dole a yi jadawalin kashi 3 tare da tazarar watanni 2 tsakanin kowannensu sannan a yi amfani da ƙarfi a kowace shekara 10.
• Lokacin da ba za ku ɗauka ba: game da yanayin rashin kuzari kafin allurar rigakafin ko duk wani abu da ya ƙunsa. Dole ne a jinkirta idan akwai cututtukan da ke daskare jini, idan an yi su ta hanyar intramuscularly.

Ana samun wannan rigakafin kyauta a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, duk da haka, akwai kuma babban rigakafin kwayar sau uku, ko dTpa, wanda ban da tetanus da diphtheria da ke ba da kariya daga cututtukan fitsari, ban da allurar tetanus daban, waɗanda ake samu a asibitoci masu zaman kansu a cikin rigakafi.

7. Sau uku maganin rigakafin

Wannan ita ce rigakafin rigakafin cutar ƙyanda, da kumburin hanji da ta kumburi, wanda ya zama dole a yanayin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kamar ɓarkewar cuta, tafiye-tafiye zuwa wurare masu haɗari, mutanen da ba a taɓa kamuwa da su ba ko kuma ba su karɓi allurai 2 na allurar rayuwa ba.

• Yaushe za'a dauka: allurai 2 kawai ake bukata a tsawon rayuwa, tare da mafi karancin tazarar wata 1.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da ke da mummunan rauni na rigakafi ko waɗanda suka sami amsa bayan sun ci kwai.

Ba a samun kyauta ga tsofaffi, sai dai lokacin kamfen, kuma ya zama dole a je asibitin rigakafin masu zaman kansu.

8. Allurar rigakafin cutar hanta

Ana iya samun kariya daga cutar hepatitis A da hepatitis B ta hanyar raba alluran rigakafi ko na hade, ga mutanen da ba su da kariya daga wadannan cututtukan, wadanda ba a taba yi musu riga-kafi ba ko kuma ba su da bayanan rigakafin.

• Yaushe za'a dauka: ana yin allurar rigakafin cutar hepatitis B, ko kuma hada A da B, a cikin allurai 3, a cikin jadawalin watanni 0 - 1 - 6. Ana iya ɗaukar alurar rigakafin cutar hepatitis A, a gefe guda, bayan kimantawa ta yanayin ɗabi'a wanda ke nuna rashin kariya daga wannan kamuwa da cuta ko kuma a yanayi na fallasa ko ɓarkewar cuta, a cikin tsari kashi biyu, tare da tazarar watanni 6.
• Wanda bai kamata ya dauka ba: mutanen da ke fama da rashin kuzari game da abubuwan da ke cikin allurar. Ya kamata a jinkirta shi a cikin yanayin mummunan cututtukan febrile ko canje-canje na coagulation idan aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar intramuscularly.

SUS za a iya yin rigakafin cutar hepatitis B kyauta, duk da haka ana samun rigakafin cutar hepatitis A a keɓaɓɓun asibitocin rigakafin.