Mene ne Magungunan Psychotropic?

Wadatacce

• Gaskiya game da magungunan psychotropic
• Me yasa aka sanya magungunan psychotropic?
• Azuzuwan da sunayen magungunan psychotropic
• Manyan azuzuwan magungunan psychotropic, amfani da su, da kuma illa masu illa
• Anti-tashin hankali jamiái
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• SSRI maganin kashe jiki
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Magungunan rigakafin SNRI
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Magungunan maganin MAOI
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Magungunan antioxidric na Tricyclic
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Hankula antipsychotics
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Atypical antipsychotics
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Yanayin kwantar da hankali
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Abubuwan kara kuzari
• Yadda suke aiki
• Sakamakon sakamako
• Tsanaki
• Risks da gargaɗin akwatin baƙar fata don psychotropics
• Hadin magunguna
• Batutuwan doka game da magungunan psychotropic
• Yaushe za a nemi kulawar gaggawa
• Layin kasa

A psychotropic bayyana kowane magani da ke shafar hali, yanayi, tunani, ko fahimta. Kalmar laima ce ga yawancin magunguna daban-daban, gami da magungunan ƙwayoyi da magungunan da ba a amfani da su.

Zamu maida hankali kan ilimin psychotropics da amfani dasu anan.

Abun amfani da kwayoyi da Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Hankali (SAMHSA) na Kasa kan Amfani da Miyagun Kwayoyi da bayanan Kiwan lafiya ya gano cewa a shekarar 2018, manya miliyan 47 da suka wuce shekaru 18 sun ba da rahoton halin rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Wannan kusan 1 ne cikin 5 na manya a Amurka. Fiye da miliyan 11 ne suka bayar da rahoton mummunan cutar rashin hankalin.

Lafiyar hankali da walwala suna shafar rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Magungunan psychotropic na iya zama muhimmin ɓangare na kayan aikin da ake dasu don kiyaye mu da kyau.

Gaskiya game da magungunan psychotropic

• Psychotropics babban rukuni ne na magungunan ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke kula da yanayi daban-daban.
• Suna aiki ta hanyar daidaita matakan sunadarai na kwakwalwa, ko masu ba da labari, kamar su dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, da serotonin.
• Akwai manyan aji biyar na magungunan psychotropic:
  • anti-tashin hankali jamiái
  • maganin damuwa
  • maganin tabin hankali
  • Yanayin yanayi
  • kara kuzari
• Wasu na iya haifar da lahani sosai kuma suna da buƙatun sa ido na musamman daga masu ba da lafiya.

Me yasa aka sanya magungunan psychotropic?

Wasu sharuɗɗan psychotropics sun haɗa da:

• damuwa
• damuwa
• schizophrenia
• cututtukan bipolar
• matsalar bacci

Wadannan magunguna suna aiki ne ta hanyar sauya kwayoyi masu yaduwa don inganta alamomin. Kowane aji yana aiki kaɗan, amma suna da kamanceceniya, suma.

Nau'in ko ajin magani da likita ya rubuta ya dogara da mutum da takamaiman alamun. Wasu magunguna suna buƙatar amfani na yau da kullun don makonni da yawa don ganin fa'idodi.

Bari mu duba kusa da cututtukan psychotropic da amfanin su.

Azuzuwan da sunayen magungunan psychotropic

Manyan azuzuwan magungunan psychotropic, amfani da su, da kuma illa masu illa

Zamu dan tattauna azuzuwan kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da suka shafi psychotropics suna magance su.

Koyaushe yi magana da likitanka game da takamaiman alamun bayyanar da kake fuskanta. Za su sami mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓukan magani don taimaka maka ka ji daɗi.

Wannan ya haɗa da zaɓuɓɓukan ba da magani, kamar su halayyar halayyar fahimta.

Wasu magunguna, kamar su magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, na iya ɗauka don taimakawa tare da taimakon bayyanar cututtuka. Yana da mahimmanci a ba magungunan dama suyi aiki kafin tsayar da shi.

Anti-tashin hankali jamiái

Ma'aikatan anti-tashin hankali, ko damuwa, na iya magance nau'o'in rikice-rikicen damuwa, gami da phobia na zamantakewar al'umma dangane da magana a gaban jama'a. Hakanan zasu iya magance:

• matsalar bacci
• firgita
• damuwa

Yadda suke aiki

An san wannan aji da. An ba da shawarar don amfani da gajeren lokaci. BZDs suna aiki ta haɓaka matakan GABA a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da annashuwa ko nutsuwa sakamako. Suna da mummunar illa, gami da dogaro da janyewa.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na BZDs sun haɗa da:

• jiri
• bacci
• rikicewa
• asarar ma'auni
• matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
• saukar karfin jini
• jinkirin numfashi

Tsanaki

Wadannan magunguna na iya zama masu al'ada idan aka dade ana amfani dasu. Ba a ba da shawarar su fiye da 'yan makonni ba.

SSRI maganin kashe jiki

Ana amfani da SSRIs don magance nau'ikan ɓacin rai. Daga cikin su akwai babbar cuta mai karya hankali da rashin bipolar.

Bacin rai ya fi jin baƙin ciki na fewan kwanaki. Yana da alamun bayyanar da ke ci gaba tsawon makonni a lokaci. Hakanan zaka iya samun alamun bayyanar jiki, kamar matsalolin bacci, rashin ci, da ciwon jiki.

Yadda suke aiki

SSRIs suna aiki ta hanyar haɓaka adadin serotonin da ke cikin kwakwalwa. SSRIs sune farkon zaɓi na magani don nau'ikan baƙin ciki da yawa.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na SSRIs sun haɗa da:

• bushe baki
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• gudawa
• rashin barci
• riba mai nauyi
• rikicewar jima'i

Tsanaki

Wasu SSRIs na iya haifar da haɓakar zuciya. Wasu na iya ƙara haɗarin ku ga zub da jini idan kuma kuna amfani da magungunan rage jini, irin su nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inflammatory as aspirin or warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).

Magungunan rigakafin SNRI

Yadda suke aiki

SNRIs suna taimakawa magance bakin ciki amma suna aiki ɗan bambanci da na SSRIs. Suna haɓaka duka dopamine da norepinephrine a cikin kwakwalwa don haɓaka alamun bayyanar. SNRIs na iya aiki mafi kyau a cikin wasu mutane idan SSRIs basu kawo ci gaba ba.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na SNRIs sun haɗa da:

• ciwon kai
• jiri
• bushe baki
• tashin zuciya
• tashin hankali
• matsalolin bacci
• matsalolin abinci

Tsanaki

Wadannan kwayoyi na iya kara karfin jini da bugun zuciya. Dole ne a kula da aikin hanta yayin waɗannan magunguna kuma.

Magungunan maganin MAOI

Wadannan kwayoyi sun tsufa kuma ba a amfani dasu sosai a yau.

Yadda suke aiki

MAOI sun inganta alamun bayyanar cututtukan ciki ta hanyar haɓaka dopamine, norepinephrine, da matakan serotonin a cikin kwakwalwa.

Sakamakon sakamako

Illolin MAOI sun haɗa da:

• tashin zuciya
• amai
• jiri
• gudawa
• bushe baki
• riba mai nauyi

Tsanaki

MAOI da aka ɗauka tare da wasu abinci waɗanda ke da sinadarin tyramine na iya ƙara hawan jini zuwa matakan haɗari. Tyramine ana samun shi a cikin nau'ikan cuku da yawa, da ɗanɗano, da wasu giya.

Magungunan antioxidric na Tricyclic

Waɗannan sune ɗayan tsoffin azuzuwan magungunan rage damuwa wanda har yanzu ake samu akan kasuwa. An keɓance su don amfani yayin da sababbin magunguna basu da tasiri.

Yadda suke aiki

Tricyclics yana ƙara adadin serotonin da norepinephrine a cikin kwakwalwa don haɓaka yanayi.

Hakanan likitoci suna amfani da alamar kashe tricyclics don magance wasu yanayi. Amfani da lakabin lakabi yana nufin ana amfani da magani don yanayin da ba shi da yardar Gudanar da Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) don wannan yanayin.

Off-lakabin amfani da tricyclics sun hada da:

• rashin tsoro
• ƙaura
• ciwo na kullum
• rikicewar rikice-rikice

Sakamakon sakamako

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• bushe baki
• jiri
• bacci
• tashin zuciya
• riba mai nauyi

Tsanaki

Wasu shouldungiyoyi su guji tricyclics. Wannan ya hada da mutane masu:

• glaucoma
• kara girman prostate
• matsalolin thyroid
• matsalolin zuciya

Wadannan magunguna na iya tayar da sukarin jini. Idan kuna da ciwon sukari, kuna iya lura da matakan sukarinku a hankali.

Hankula antipsychotics

Wadannan kwayoyi suna magance cututtukan cututtukan da ke hade da sikizophrenia. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu don wasu yanayi.

Yadda suke aiki

Hankula antipsychotics suna toshe dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa. An fara gabatar da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na farko a cikin wannan aji, chlorpromazine fiye da. Har yanzu ana amfani dashi a yau.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na magungunan antipsychotic sun haɗa da:

• hangen nesa
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• matsalar bacci
• damuwa
• bacci
• riba mai nauyi
• matsalolin jima'i

Tsanaki

Wannan rukunin magungunan yana haifar da rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da motsi wanda ake kira extrapyramidal side effects. Waɗannan na iya zama masu daɗi da daɗewa. Sun hada da:

• rawar jiki
• motsin fuska mara kyau
• taurin kafa
• matsalolin motsi ko tafiya

Atypical antipsychotics

Waɗannan su ne magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance schizophrenia.

Yadda suke aiki

Wadannan kwayoyi suna aiki ta hanyar toshe sinadarai masu kwakwalwa dopamine D2 da serotonin 5-HT2A mai karɓa.

Hakanan likitoci suna amfani da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa don magance alamun:

• cututtukan bipolar
• damuwa
• Ciwon Tourette

Sakamakon sakamako

Atypical antipsychotics suna da wasu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɗarin haɗari na:

• ciwon sukari
• babban matakan cholesterol
• matsaloli masu alaka da tsoka
• motsin rai ba da son rai ba, gami da jijiyoyin tsoka, rawar jiki
• bugun jini

Hanyoyi masu illa na rashin tabin hankali sun hada da:

• jiri
• maƙarƙashiya
• bushe baki
• hangen nesa
• riba mai nauyi
• bacci

Tsanaki

Aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril), da quetiapine (Seroquel) suna da gargaɗin akwatin baƙar fata don takamaiman damuwa na tsaro. Akwai haɗarin tunanin kashe kai da halaye a cikin mutane ƙasa da shekaru 18 waɗanda ke shan ɗayan waɗannan magunguna.

Yanayin kwantar da hankali

Doctors suna amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyi don magance ɓacin rai da sauran rikicewar yanayi, kamar cutar bipolar.

Yadda suke aiki

Ba a fahimci ainihin hanyar da masu gyaran yanayi ke aiki ba tukuna. Wasu masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa wadannan magunguna suna kwantar da takamaiman yankuna na kwakwalwa wadanda ke taimakawa ga canjin yanayi na rashin lafiyar bipolar da yanayin alaƙa.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na masu daidaita yanayin sun haɗa da:

• jiri
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• gajiya
• matsalolin ciki

Tsanaki

Kodan suna cire lithium daga jiki, don haka dole ne a duba aikin koda da matakan lithium a kai a kai. Idan kuna da aikin koda mara kyau, likitanku na iya buƙatar daidaita adadin ku.

Abubuwan kara kuzari

Wadannan kwayoyi galibi suna kula da cututtukan raunin hankali (ADHD).

Yadda suke aiki

Abubuwan kara kuzari suna kara dopamine da norepinephrine a cikin kwakwalwa. Jiki na iya haɓaka dogaro idan an yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci.

Sakamakon sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako masu kara kuzari sun hada da:

• matsaloli tare da barci
• rashin cin abinci
• asarar nauyi

Tsanaki

Abun kara kuzari na iya kara karfin zuciya da hawan jini. Wataƙila ba sune mafi kyawun zaɓi ba idan kuna da matsalolin zuciya ko matsalolin hawan jini.

Risks da gargaɗin akwatin baƙar fata don psychotropics

FDA na buƙatar wasu magunguna ko ajin magunguna. Wadannan na iya zama don manyan dalilai guda uku:

1. Dole ne a auna haɗarin mummunan sakamako mai haɗari game da fa'idodi kafin amfani.
2. Za'a iya buƙatar daidaitaccen kashi don bayanin lafiya.
3. Wani keɓaɓɓen rukuni na mutane, kamar yara ko mata masu ciki, na iya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don amintaccen amfani.

Ga wasu drugsan kwayoyi da ajujuwa tare da gargaɗin dambe. Wannan ba cikakken jerin gargadi bane. Tambayi likitanka ko likitan magunguna koyaushe game da takamaiman sakamako masu illa da haɗari:

• Aripiprazole (Abilify) da quetiapine (Seroquel) ba su da izinin FDA don amfani da duk wanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 saboda haɗarin tunanin kashe kansa da halayya.
• Amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda ke da cutar hauka da ke da alaƙa na iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa.
• Magungunan maganin ƙwaƙwalwa na iya ɓata tunanin kashe kai da halayyar yara da matasa.
• Magungunan motsa jiki na iya haifar da dogaro da jaraba.
• Benzodiazepines da aka sha tare da magungunan opioid na iya ƙara haɗarin yawan abin sama.
• Clozapine (Clozaril) na iya haifar da agranulocytosis, mummunar cuta ta jini. Kuna buƙatar yin aikin jini don kula da ƙididdigar ƙwayar jinin ku. Hakanan yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da matsalolin numfashi, wanda zai iya zama barazanar rai.

Guji cakuda magungunan psychotropic da barasa. Wasu azuzuwan, kamar BZDs, antidepressants, da antipsychotic magunguna, suna da mafi girman tasirin nutsuwa tare da barasa. Wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli da daidaito, wayewa, da daidaito. Hakanan zai iya yin jinkiri ko dakatar da numfashi, wanda ka iya zama barazanar rai.

Hadin magunguna

Magungunan psychotropic suna da ma'amala da yawa tare da wasu magunguna, abinci, barasa, da samfuran kan-kan-kan (OTC). Koyaushe gaya wa likitan ku da likitan magunguna duk magunguna da abubuwan da kuke sha don kauce wa halayen haɗari.

Magunguna masu motsa jiki kamar amphetamine suna hulɗa tare da:

• SSRIs
• SNRIs
• MAOI
• yan uku
• lithium

Hada waɗannan kwayoyi na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako da ake kira serotonin syndrome. Idan kana buƙatar ɗaukar nau'ikan magunguna biyu, likitanka zai gyara allurai don kauce wa ma'amala mara kyau.

• Yara. Wasu magungunan psychotropic suna da haɗarin tasirin illa a cikin yara kuma ba a amince da FDA don amfani da yara ba. Likitanku zai tattauna haɗari dangane da fa'idodi na takamaiman magunguna.
• Ciki. Akwai iyakantattun bayanai kan amfani da psychotropics yayin daukar ciki. Dole ne a yi la'akari da fa'idodi da haɗari ga kowane mutum da kowane magani. Wasu magunguna, kamar su BZDs da lithium, suna da haɗari yayin ɗaukar ciki. Wasu SSRIs na iya haɓaka haɗarin lahani na haihuwa. Yin amfani da SNRI a cikin watanni uku na biyu na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin jarirai. Dole ne likitan ku dole ne ya kula da ku da jaririn ku sosai idan kuna amfani da duk wani ilimin psychotropics.
• Manya tsofaffi. Wasu magunguna na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci don jikinka ya share idan hanta ko koda ba sa aiki sosai. Kuna iya shan ƙarin magunguna, wanda zai iya hulɗa ko ƙara haɗarin illa ko halayen mara kyau. Yawan ku na iya buƙatar daidaitawa. Kafin fara kowane sabon magunguna, tabbatar da tattauna dukkanin magungunan ku, gami da magungunan OTC da kari, tare da likitan ku.

Batutuwan doka game da magungunan psychotropic

BZDs da abubuwan kara kuzari abubuwa ne masu sarrafawa saboda suna iya haifar da dogaro kuma suna da damar amfani da su.

Kada a taɓa raba ko sayar da magungunan likitan ku. Akwai hukunce-hukuncen tarayya don siyarwa ko siyan waɗannan magunguna ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

Wadannan magunguna na iya haifar da dogaro da haifar da rikicewar amfani da abu.

Idan kai ko wani ƙaunatacce yana cikin haɗari don cutar da kansa, to zuwa Lifeline na Rigakafin Kashe Kan atasa a 800-273-TALK don taimako.

Don tallafi kuma don ƙarin koyo game da rikicewar amfani da abu, tuntuɓi waɗannan ƙungiyoyi:

• Ba a sani da ƙwayoyi masu narkewa ba (NA)
• Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa (NIDA)
• Abuse da Abubuwan Kula da Lafiya na Hauka (SAMHSA)

Yaushe za a nemi kulawar gaggawa

Magungunan psychotropic na iya samun sakamako mai tsanani. A wasu mutane, illar na iya zama mai tsanani.

Kira likitan ku ko 911 nan da nan idan kuna da waɗannan alamun bayyanar:

• cututtukanka suna daɗa taɓarɓarewa (baƙin ciki, damuwa, mania)
• tunanin kashe kansa
• firgita
• tashin hankali
• rashin natsuwa
• rashin bacci
• ƙara ƙarfin zuciya da hawan jini
• jin haushi, fushi, tashin hankali
• yin aiki da hanzari da kowane irin canje-canje na ɗabi'a
• kamuwa

Layin kasa

Psychotropics ya rufe babban nau'in ƙwayoyi waɗanda ake amfani dasu don magance yawancin alamun cututtuka.

Dukansu suna aiki ta daidaita matakan neurotransmitter don taimaka maka jin daɗi.

Magungunan da likitanka ya rubuta ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, kamar shekarunka, sauran yanayin kiwon lafiyar da zaka iya samu, wasu magunguna da kake amfani dasu, da tarihin shan magani da suka gabata.

Ba duk magunguna suke aiki yanzun nan ba. Wasu suna ɗaukar lokaci. Yi haƙuri, kuma ka yi magana da likitanka idan alamun ka suna daɗa taɓarɓarewa.

Tattauna duk hanyoyin zaɓin magani, gami da halayyar halayyar fahimta, tare da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya don haɓaka mafi kyawun tsarin kulawa a gare ku.