Mura

Mura cuta ce ta hanci, makogwaro, da huhu. Yana yadawa cikin sauki.

Wannan labarin yayi magana akan nau'ikan mura A da B. Wani nau'in mura shine mura alade (H1N1).

Mura ta samo asali ne daga kwayar cutar mura.

Yawancin mutane suna kamuwa da mura lokacin da suke shan iska a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ruwa daga tari ko atishawar wani da ke da mura. Hakanan zaka iya kamuwa da mura idan ka taɓa wani abu mai ƙwayoyin cutar a kai, sannan ka taɓa bakinka, hanci, ko idanunka.

Mutane galibi suna rikita sanyi da mura. Sun bambanta, amma kuna iya samun wasu alamun alamun. Yawancin mutane suna yin sanyi sau da yawa a shekara. Akasin haka, mutane galibi suna kamuwa da mura sau ɗaya kawai a cikin 'yan shekaru.

Wani lokaci, zaka iya samun kwayar cutar da zata sa ka amai ko gudawa. Wasu mutane suna kiran wannan "mura ta ciki." Wannan suna ne na yaudara saboda wannan kwayar cutar ba ainihin mura ba ce. Mura ta fi shafar hanci, makogoro, da huhu.

Alamun cutar mura za su fara farawa da sauri. Kuna iya fara jin rashin lafiya kimanin kwana 1 zuwa 7 bayan kun haɗu da ƙwayar cutar. Mafi yawan lokuta, bayyanar cututtuka na bayyana ne tsakanin kwanaki 2 zuwa 3.

Mura tana yaduwa cikin sauki. Zai iya shafar babban rukuni na mutane cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Misali, ɗalibai da abokan aiki sukan yi rashin lafiya a cikin makonni 2 ko 3 na isowar mura a makaranta ko wurin aiki.

Alamar farko ita ce zazzabi tsakanin 102 ° F (39 ° C) da 106 ° F (41 ° C). Babban mutum yana da ƙananan zazzaɓi fiye da yaro.

Sauran cututtuka na kowa sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon jiki
• Jin sanyi
• Dizziness
• Fuskar fuska
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin kuzari
• Tashin zuciya da amai

Zazzaɓin, ciwo, da ciwo sun fara gushewa a ranakun 2 zuwa 4. Amma sabbin alamomi na faruwa, gami da:

• Dry tari
• Symptomsara yawan alamun da ke shafar numfashi
• Hancin hanci (mai haske da ruwa)
• Atishawa
• Ciwon wuya

Yawancin bayyanar cututtuka suna tafiya cikin kwanaki 4 zuwa 7. Tari da jin gajiya na iya ɗaukar makonni. Wani lokaci, zazzabin yakan dawo.

Wasu mutane ba za su ji daɗin cin abinci ba.

Mura na iya haifar da asma, matsalolin numfashi, da sauran cututtuka na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) da yanayi mai kyau.

Yawancin mutane basa buƙatar ganin mai ba da kiwon lafiya lokacin da suke da alamun mura. Wannan saboda yawancin mutane basa cikin haɗarin mummunan yanayi na mura.

Idan bakada lafiya sosai tare da mura, kuna iya son ganin likitanku. Mutanen da ke cikin haɗari mai yawa don rikitarwa na mura na iya son ganin mai ba da sabis idan sun sami mura.

Lokacin da mutane da yawa a cikin yanki suke da mura, mai ba da sabis na iya yin bincike bayan sun ji labarin alamun ku. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin gwaji.

Akwai gwaji don gano mura. Ana yinta ta hanyar shafa hanci ko maqogwaro. Yawancin lokaci, ana samun sakamakon gwaji cikin sauri. Jarabawar na iya taimaka wa mai ba da sabis ɗin ku mafi kyawun magani.

Kulawar gida

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) da ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) suna taimakawa ƙananan zazzabi. Masu bayarwa wasu lokuta suna ba da shawarar cewa kayi amfani da nau'ikan magunguna biyu. KADA KA yi amfani da asfirin.

Zazzabi baya buƙatar ya zo har zuwa ƙasa zuwa yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Yawancin mutane suna jin daɗi idan zafin jiki ya sauka da digiri 1.

Magungunan sanyi masu saurin kan-kan-kan na iya sanya wasu alamun ku su zama da kyau. Saurin tari ko fesa makogwaro zai taimaka tare da ciwon makogwaron ku.

Kuna buƙatar hutawa sosai. Sha ruwa mai yawa. KADA KA sha taba ko sha giya.

MAGUNGUNAN DOLE

Yawancin mutane da ke da alamun rashin lafiya suna jin daɗi a cikin kwanaki 3 zuwa 4. Ba sa buƙatar ganin mai ba da su ko shan magungunan rigakafin cutar.

Masu bayarwa na iya ba da magungunan riga-kafi ga mutanen da suka kamu da rashin lafiya mai mura. Kuna iya buƙatar waɗannan magunguna idan kuna iya samun rikitarwa na mura Matsalar lafiyar da ke ƙasa na iya ƙara haɗarin yin rashin lafiya tare da mura:

• Cutar huhu (gami da asma)
• Yanayin zuciya (ban da hawan jini)
• Koda, hanta, jijiya, da yanayin tsoka
• Rikicin jini (gami da cutar sikila)
• Ciwon suga
• Tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana saboda cututtuka (kamar su kanjamau), maganin fuka, ko wasu magunguna, gami da chemotherapy da corticosteroids
• Sauran matsalolin lafiya na dogon lokaci

Wadannan magunguna na iya rage lokacin da kake da alamomin kusan kwana 1. Suna aiki mafi kyau idan kun fara shan su a cikin kwanaki 2 na alamunku na farko.

Yaran da ke cikin haɗari don mummunan yanayi na mura na iya buƙatar waɗannan magunguna.

Miliyoyin mutane a Amurka suna kamuwa da mura a kowace shekara. Yawancin mutane suna samun sauƙi a cikin mako guda ko biyu, amma dubunnan mutane da ke mura sun kamu da ciwon huhu ko ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa. Suna buƙatar tsayawa a asibiti. Kimanin mutane 36,000 a Amurka ke mutuwa kowace shekara saboda matsaloli daga mura.

Kowa a kowane zamani na iya samun mummunan rikitarwa daga mura. Waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 65
• Yara yan kasa da shekaru 2
• Matan da suke dauke da ciki sama da watanni 3
• Duk wanda ke zaune a wani wurin kulawa na dogon lokaci
• Duk wanda ke da ciwon zuciya, huhu, ko koda, ciwon sukari, ko raunin garkuwar jiki

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Namoniya
• Encephalitis (kamuwa da cuta a kwakwalwa)
• Cutar sankarau
• Kamawa

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun kamu da mura kuma kuna tunanin kuna cikin haɗarin samun rikitarwa.

Har ila yau, kira mai ba da sabis ɗin idan alamun mura ɗinku ba su da kyau kuma maganin kai ba ya aiki.

Kuna iya ɗaukar matakai don kaucewa kamuwa ko yada mura. Mafi kyawon mataki shi ne samun allurar rigakafin mura.

Idan kana da mura:

• Kasance a cikin gidanku, ɗakin kwanan ku, ko gida na aƙalla awanni 24 bayan zazzabinku ya tafi.
• Sanya abin rufe fuska idan ka bar dakinka.
• Guji raba abinci, kayan abinci, kofuna, ko kwalabe.
• Yi amfani da man goge hannu sau da yawa da rana kuma koyaushe bayan taɓa fuskarka.
• Ka rufe bakinka da nama lokacin da kake tari sannan ka yar da shi bayan an yi amfani da shi.
• Tari a cikin hannayenka idan ba a sami nama ba. Guji taba idanuwanka, hanci, da bakinka.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) suna ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda ya kai wata 6 zuwa sama ya kamata ya karɓi rigakafin mura. Yara 6 watanni zuwa 8 na shekaru na iya buƙatar allurai 2 yayin lokacin mura guda. Kowa yana buƙatar kashi 1 kawai a kowane lokacin mura. Don lokacin 2019-2020, CDC tana ba da shawarar amfani da allurar mura (inactivated mura mura ko IIV) da kuma recombinant mura mura (RIV). Ana iya ba da allurar rigakafin mura ta hanci (rigakafin mura mai saurin tashi, ko LAIV) ga masu lafiya, waɗanda ba su da juna biyu daga shekara 2 zuwa 49.

Mura A; Mura B; Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - mura; Zanamivir (Relenza) - mura; Alurar rigakafi - mura

• Mura da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - baligi
• Sanyi da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - yaro
• Ciwon huhu a cikin manya - fitarwa
• Ciwon huhu a cikin yara - fitarwa

• Jiki na al'ada na huhu
• Mura
• Alurar rigakafin mura ta hanci

Aoki FY. Magungunan antiviral don mura da sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 45.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Rashin cutar mura VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.html. An sabunta Agusta 15, 2019. An shiga 19 ga Oktoba, 2020.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Rayuwa, cutar mura ta VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flulive.html. An sabunta Agusta 15, 2019. An shiga 19 ga Oktoba, 2020.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Abin da ya kamata ku sani game da magungunan rigakafin mura. www.cdc.gov/flu/antivirals/abinyadanayi.htm. An sabunta Janairu 25, 2021. An shiga 17 ga Fabrairu, 2021.

Havers FP, Campbell AJP. Virwayoyin cutar mura. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 285.

Ison MG, Hayden FG. Mura. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 340.

Treanor JJ. Virwayoyin cutar mura, ciki har da mura da mura da aladu. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 165.