Cutar kansa

Cutar sankarar hanji ita ce cutar daji da ke farawa a cikin babban hanji (hanji) ko dubura (ƙarshen ciwon ciki).

Sauran nau'ikan cutar kansa na iya shafar cikin hanji. Wadannan sun hada da lymphoma, cututtukan carcinoid, melanoma, da sarcomas. Wadannan suna da wuya. A cikin wannan labarin, ciwon daji na hanji yana nufin ciwon kansa ne kawai.

A Amurka, cutar sankarau na daya daga cikin cututtukan da ke haifar da mace-mace sakamakon cutar kansa. Gano asali da wuri na iya haifar da cikakken magani.

Kusan dukkanin cututtukan daji na hanji suna farawa a cikin rufin babban ciki da dubura. Lokacin da likitoci suke magana game da cutar kansa, yawanci abin da suke magana ke nan.

Babu wani dalili guda daya da ke haifar da cutar kansa. Kusan dukkanin cututtukan daji na hanji suna farawa ne kamar polyps marasa ciwo (marasa kyau), wanda sannu a hankali ya zama kansa.

Kuna da haɗari mafi girma ga ciwon daji na hanji idan kun:

• Sun girmi 50
• Shin Ba'amurke ne Ba'amurke ko kuma asalin Turai na gabashin Turai
• Ku ci jan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa
• Yi kwalliya iri-iri
• Yi ciwon hanji mai kumburi (cututtukan Crohn ko ulcerative colitis)
• Yi tarihin iyali na ciwon kansa

Wasu cututtukan da aka gada suma suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. Daya daga cikin sanannun mutane ana kiransa cutar Lynch.

Abin da kuka ci na iya taka rawa wajen kamuwa da ciwon daji na hanji. Ciwon kansar na iya alaƙa da abinci mai mai mai ƙaran, mai ƙarancin fiber da kuma yawan cin jan nama. Wasu nazarin sun gano cewa haɗarin ba zai sauka ba idan kun canza zuwa abincin mai-fiber, don haka wannan haɗin ba a bayyana ba tukuna.

Shan taba sigari da shan giya wasu dalilai ne masu illa ga cutar kansa.

Yawancin lokuta da yawa na ciwon kansa ba su da alamun bayyanar. Idan akwai alamun bayyanar, mai zuwa na iya nuna kansar hanji:

• Ciwon ciki da taushi a cikin ƙananan ciki
• Jini a cikin buta
• Gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, ko wasu canje-canje a cikin al'adun hanji
• Oolananan sanduna
• Rage nauyi ba tare da wani sanannen dalili ba

Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen bincike, ana iya gano kansar hanji kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta ci gaba. Wannan shine lokacin da ciwon daji ya fi saurin warkewa.

Likitan ku zaiyi gwajin jiki kuma ya danna yankin cikin ku. Jarabawar ta jiki da wuya ta nuna wata matsala, kodayake likita na iya jin ƙulli (taro) a cikin ciki. Gwajin dubura na iya bayyana adadi mai yawa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sankarar ido, amma ba ciwon kansa ba.

Gwajin jini na ɓoye (FOBT) na iya gano ƙananan jini a cikin kujerun. Wannan na iya bayar da shawarar cutar kansa. Sigmoidoscopy, ko kuma wataƙila, wani colonoscopy, za'a yi shi don kimanta dalilin jini a cikin kumatun ku.

Cikakken colonoscopy ne kawai zai iya ganin duka hanjin. Wannan shine mafi kyawun gwajin cutar kansa.

Ana iya yin gwajin jini ga waɗanda aka gano da cutar sankarau, ciki har da:

• Kammala lissafin jini (CBC) don bincika karancin jini
• Gwajin aikin hanta

Idan an gano cewa kuna da cutar sankarau, za a yi karin gwaje-gwaje don ganin ko kansar ta bazu. Wannan ana kiran sa staging. Ana iya amfani da sikan CT ko MRI na ciki, yankin pelvic, ko kirji don yin maganin cutar kansa. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da sikanin PET.

Matakan ciwon kansar sune:

• Mataki na 0: Ciwon daji na farko sosai a cikin ɓangaren hanjin
• Mataki Na: Ciwon daji yana cikin layin cikin ciki na uwar hanji
• Mataki na II: Ciwon daji ya bazu ta bangon tsoka na hanji
• Mataki na III: Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph
• Mataki na huɗu: Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu gabobin a wajen uwar hanji

Gwajin jini don gano alamomin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, kamar su carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) na iya taimaka wa likita ya bi ka a lokacin da kuma bayan jiyya.

Jiyya ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da matakin cutar kansa. Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari
• Chemotherapy don kashe ƙwayoyin daji
• Radiation far don lalata nama mai cutar kansa
• Anyi niyya don kiyaye ciwon daji daga girma da yadawa

Tiyata

Za'a iya magance matakin kansar ta hanji ta hanyar cire tumbi ta hanyar amfani da colonoscopy. Don matakai na I, II, da III na cutar kansa, ana buƙatar ƙarin tiyata mai faɗi don cire ɓangaren ciwon mallaka wanda yake da cutar kansa. Wannan tiyatar ana kiranta gyaran hanji (colectomy).

CHEMOTHERAPY

Kusan dukkan mutane masu fama da ciwon sankara na III suna karɓar maganin bayan an yi musu tiyata tsawon watanni 3 zuwa 6. Wannan ana kiransa adjuvant chemotherapy. Kodayake an cire kumburin, ana ba da magani don magance kowane ƙwayar kansa wanda zai iya zama.

Ana amfani da Chemotherapy don inganta bayyanar cututtuka da tsawanta rayuwa a cikin mutane masu fama da ciwon sankara ta hanji.

Kuna iya karɓar nau'in magani ɗaya kawai ko haɗin magunguna.

RADADI

Wani lokaci ana amfani da maganin kashe hasken rana don ciwon kansa.

Ga mutanen da ke da cutar mataki na huɗu waɗanda suka bazu zuwa hanta, ana iya amfani da maganin da aka ba da hanta. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Burnone kansar (zubar da ciki)
• Isar da cutar sankara ko radiation kai tsaye cikin hanta
• Daskarewa da ciwon daji (cryotherapy)
• Tiyata

KYAUTATA TATTAUNAWA

• Maganin da aka yi niyya ba komai a kan takamaiman manufa (kwayoyin) a cikin kwayoyin cutar kansa. Waɗannan maƙasudin suna taka rawa game da yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke girma da rayuwa. Amfani da waɗannan maƙasudin, maganin yana lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don haka baza su iya yaɗuwa ba. Za a iya ba da maganin da aka yi niyya a matsayin ƙwaya ko kuma a yi allurar jijiya.
• Wataƙila an yi niyya don farfadowa tare da tiyata, jiyyar cutar sankara, ko kuma maganin radiation.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansar mahaifa. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

A lokuta da yawa, ana iya magance kansar hanji idan aka kama shi da wuri.

Yadda za ku yi kyau ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, musamman matakin kansar. Lokacin da aka bi da su a matakin farko, mutane da yawa suna rayuwa aƙalla shekaru 5 bayan ganewar asali. Wannan ana kiransa rawanin shekaru 5.

Idan ciwon sankarar hanji bai dawo ba (ya sake dawowa) cikin shekaru 5, ana ɗaukarsa ya warke. Matakai I, II, da III cututtukan daji ana ɗaukar yiwuwar warkewa. A mafi yawan lokuta, ba a ɗaukar matakin cutar kanjamau ta warkewa, duk da cewa akwai keɓaɓɓu.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Toshewar hanji, yana haifar da toshewar hanji
• Ciwon kansa yana dawowa a cikin hanji
• Ciwon daji mai yaduwa zuwa wasu gabobin ko kyallen takarda (metastasis)
• Addamar da ciwon daji na farko na farko

Kira mai ba da lafiyar ku idan kuna da:

• Baƙi, kamar ɗakunan tar
• Jini yayin motsawar hanji
• Canji a cikin al'ada
• Rashin nauyi mara nauyi

Ciwon hanji kusan koyaushe ana iya kamuwa da shi ta hanyar colonoscopy a farkonta kuma mafi saurin warkewarta. Kusan duk maza da mata masu shekaru 50 zuwa sama ya kamata a yi musu gwajin cutar kansa ta hanji. Mutanen da ke cikin haɗari mafi girma na iya buƙatar bincike na farko.

Binciken kansar hanji zai iya samun polyps sau da yawa kafin su zama masu cutar kansa. Cire waɗannan polyps na iya hana ciwon daji na hanji.

Canza tsarin abincinku da salon rayuwa yana da mahimmanci. Bincike na likitanci ya nuna cewa abinci mai ƙananan mai da kuma mai ƙoshin fiber na iya taimakawa rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ta hanji

Cancer na launi; Ciwon daji - mallaka; Ciwon hanji; Ciwon daji - dubura; Adenocarcinoma - mallaka; Ciwon ciki - adenocarcinoma; Ciwon ciki na hanji

• Ruwa na ciki - fitarwa
• Abincin Bland
• Canza jakar kayanka
• Chemotherapy - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Ileostomy da ɗanka
• Lissafin abinci da abincinku
• Kulawa - kula da cutar ku
• Ileostomy - canza aljihun ku
• Ileostomy - fitarwa
• Abincin gida - abin da za a tambayi likitan ku
• Babban yankewar hanji - fitarwa
• Rayuwa tare da gadonka
• Rarraba kwancen ciki - fitarwa
• Radiation far - tambayoyi don tambayi likitan ku
• Ctionaramar cirewar hanji - fitarwa
• Total colectomy ko proctocolectomy - fitarwa
• Ire-iren gyaran jiki

• Barium enema
• Ciwon ciki
• Tsarin narkewa
• Ciwon daji na mahaifa - x-ray
• Sigmoid ciwon daji na hanji - x-ray
• Saifa metastasis - CT scan
• Tsarin mallaka
• Matakan ciwon daji
• Al'adun mazauna
• Ciwon cikin hanji - Series
• Kalan fata - Jerin
• Ragowar babban hanji - Series
• Babban hanji (hanji)

Garber JJ, Chung DC. Ciwon polyps da cututtukan polyposis. A cikin: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger da Cututtukan Cutar hanta da na Fordtran. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 126.

Lawler M, Johnston B, Van Schaeybroeck S, et al. Cutar kansa A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 74.

Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Rigakafin Cancer na Yanki (PDQ) - Sanarwar Kwararru ta Kiwon Lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-prevention-pdq. An sabunta Feb 28, 2020. An shiga Yuni 9, 2020.

Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Cutar Kasa ta Kasa. NCCN Sharuɗɗan Aikin Gudanar da Ayyuka a kan Oncology. Gano cutar kansa Sigar 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colorectal_screening.pdf. An sabunta Yuni 8, 2020. Samun damar Yuni 9, 2020.

Qaseem A, Crandall CJ, Mustafa RA, Hicks LA, Wilt TJ; Kwamitin Bayanai na Clinical na Kwalejin likitocin Amurka. Nunawa don cutar kansa ta launi a cikin manya masu haɗarin haɗari: bayanin jagora daga Kwalejin Likitocin Amurka. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 171 (9): 643-654. PMID: 31683290 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683290.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, et al. Binciken kansar kai tsaye: shawarwari ga likitoci da marasa lafiya daga Multiungiyar Multiungiyar Multiungiyar Jama'a ta Amurka da ke kan Cancer na Colorectal. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. PMID: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630.