Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) ciwon daji ne na ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na B (wani nau'in ƙwayar ƙwayar farin jini). WM yana da alaƙa da haɓakar sunadarai da ake kira ƙwayoyin cuta na IgM.

WM sakamakon sakamako ne da ake kira lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Wannan ita ce cutar kansa ta fararen ƙwayoyin jini, wanda ƙwayoyin garkuwar B ke fara rabuwa cikin sauri. Ba a san ainihin abin da ya haifar da yawan kwayar IgM ba. Hepatitis C na iya ƙara haɗarin WM. Sau da yawa ana samun maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin B masu haɗari.

Ofirƙirar ƙwayoyin rigakafin IgM na iya haifar da matsaloli iri-iri:

• Hyperviscosity, wanda ke sa jini yayi kauri sosai. Wannan na iya zama da wahala ga jini ya kwarara ta cikin kananan jijiyoyin jini.
• Neuropathy, ko lalacewar jijiya, lokacin da maganin IgM ya amsa da jijiyar nama.
• Anemia, lokacin da anti-IgM ke ɗaure ga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
• Ciwon koda, lokacin da kwayar IgM ta saka a cikin kayan koda.
• Cryoglobulinemia da vasculitis (kumburin jijiyoyin jini) lokacin da maganin rigakafi na IgM ya samar da hadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ɗaukar sanyi.

WM yana da wuya. Yawancin mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin sun wuce shekaru 65.

Kwayar cutar WM na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Zubar da jini na gumis da hanci
• Duban ido ko raguwa
• Fata ta Bluish a yatsun hannu bayan fallasar sanyi
• Dizizness ko rikice
• Sauƙaƙewa na fata
• Gajiya
• Gudawa
• Jin ƙyama, ko ƙwanƙwasawa, ko zafi mai zafi a hannu, ƙafa, yatsu, yatsun kafa, kunne, ko hanci
• Rash
• Kumburin gland
• Rashin nauyi mara nauyi
• Rashin gani a ido daya

Binciken jiki na iya bayyana kumburin ciki, hanta, da ƙwayoyin lymph. Gwajin ido na iya nuna kumbura jijiyoyi a cikin kwayar ido ko kuma kwayar ido (zubar jini).

CBC yana nuna ƙananan ƙwayoyin jan jini da platelets. Chemistry na jini na iya nuna shaidar cutar koda.

Gwajin da ake kira electrophoresis mai yaduwar kwayar cuta yana nuna karuwar matakin na IgM antibody. Matakan sau da yawa sun fi milligram 300 a kowane mai yanke (mg / dL), ko 3000 mg / L. Za ayi gwajin rigakafin rigakafi don nuna cewa kwayar IgM ta samo asali ne daga nau'in kwaya daya, (clonal).

Gwajin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta zai iya nuna idan jinin ya zama mai kauri. Kwayar cutar galibi tana faruwa ne yayin da jinin ya ninka kaurin sau huɗu fiye da na al'ada.

Kwayar halittar kasusuwa za ta nuna karuwar lambobi na kwayoyin cuta wadanda suke kama da lymphocytes da kwayoyin plasma.

Testsarin gwaje-gwajen da za a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• 24-furotin fitsari
• Jimlar furotin
• Immunofixation a cikin fitsari
• T (thymus samu) ƙididdigar lymphocyte
• -Arfin x-ray

Wasu mutanen da ke da WM waɗanda suka ƙara ƙwayoyin rigakafin IgM ba su da alamun bayyanar. Wannan yanayin an san shi da ƙona WM. Babu wani magani da ake buƙata face bin hankali.

A cikin mutanen da ke da alamun cutar, magani yana nufin rage alamun da haɗarin ɓarna gaɓoɓin jiki. Babu ingantaccen magani na yanzu. Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na iya ba da shawarar ku shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Plasmapheresis yana cire kwayoyin IgM daga cikin jini. Hakanan yana saurin sarrafa alamomin da dunƙulen jini ke haifarwa.

Magunguna na iya haɗawa da corticosteroids, haɗuwa da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin B, rituximab.

Ana iya bada shawarar dashen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa don wasu mutanen da ke da ƙoshin lafiya.

Mutanen da ke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini ja ko fari ko platelets na iya buƙatar ƙarin jini ko maganin rigakafi.

Matsakaicin rayuwa kusan shekaru 5 ne. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa fiye da shekaru 10.

A wasu mutane, cutar na iya haifar da fewan alamomi kuma ci gaba a hankali.

Matsalolin WM na iya haɗawa da:

• Canje-canje a cikin aikin hankali, mai yiwuwa ya haifar da suma
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Zuban jini na ciki ko malabsorption
• Matsalar hangen nesa
• Kyauta

Tuntuɓi mai ba ku sabis idan alamun WM suka ci gaba.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia; Macroglobulinemia - firamare; Kwayar Lymphoplasmacytic; Monoclonal macroglobulinemia

• Waldenström
• Antibodies

Kapoor P, Ansell SM, Fonseca R, et al. Ganewar asali da gudanarwa na Waldenström macroglobulinemia: Mayo taɓarɓarewar macroglobulinemia da jagororin maganin haɗari mai haɗari (mSMART) 2016. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3 (9): 1257-1265. PMID: 28056114 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28056114/.

Rajkumar SV. Ciwon ƙwayar Plasma. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 178.

Treon SP, Castillo JJ, Hunter ZR, Merlini G. Waldenström macroglobulinemia / lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 87.