Rashin hankali

Rashin hankali rashi ne na aikin kwakwalwa wanda ke faruwa tare da wasu cututtuka. Yana shafar ƙwaƙwalwa, tunani, yare, hukunci, da ɗabi'a.

Rashin hankali yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin tsufa. Yawancin nau'ikan ba safai ake samun su a cikin mutane da shekarunsu ba su kai 60 ba. Rashin haɗarin cutar ƙwaƙwalwa yana ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ya tsufa.

Yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa ba za a iya sakewa ba (degenerative). Ba za a iya canzawa ba yana nufin canje-canje a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda ke haifar da lalatawar ba za a iya dakatar ko juya shi baya ba. Cutar Alzheimer ita ce mafi yawan cututtukan hauka.

Wani nau'in cutar tabin hankali kuma ita ce tabin hankali. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon rashin kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa, kamar ta bugun jini.

Cututtukan jikin Lewy sune sanadin lalacewar tsofaffi. Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna da tsarin gina jiki mara kyau a wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa.

Yanayin likita masu zuwa na iya haifar da tabin hankali:

• Cutar Huntington
• Raunin kwakwalwa
• Mahara sclerosis
• Cututtuka kamar su HIV / AIDS, syphilis, da cutar Lyme
• Cutar Parkinson
• Zaɓi cuta
• Ci gaba mai cike da nakasa

Wasu dalilan rashin hankali na iya tsayawa ko juyawa idan an same su da wuri, gami da:

• Raunin kwakwalwa
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• Shaye-shaye na (dogon lokaci)
• Canje-canje a cikin sukarin jini, sodium, da matakan calcium (rashin hankali saboda abubuwan da ke haifar da rayuwa)
• Vitaminananan matakin bitamin B12
• Matsalar al'ada hydrocephalus
• Amfani da wasu magunguna, gami da cimetidine da wasu magungunan ƙwayoyin cholesterol
• Wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa

Kwayar cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa sun haɗa da wahala tare da yankuna da yawa na aikin tunani, gami da:

• Halin motsin rai ko halin mutum
• Harshe
• Orywaƙwalwar ajiya
• Tsinkaye
• Tunani da hukunci (fahimi na fasaha)

Rashin hankali yawanci yakan fara bayyana kamar mantuwa.

Marancin fahimta (MCI) shine mataki tsakanin mantuwa ta al'ada saboda tsufa da ci gaban hauka. Mutanen da ke da MCI suna da ƙananan matsaloli game da tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda ba sa tsoma baki cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Suna yawan sani game da mantuwarsu. Ba duk mai cutar MCI yake samun cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ba.

Kwayar cutar MCI ta haɗa da:

• Matsalar yin aiki fiye da ɗaya a lokaci guda
• Matsalar magance matsaloli ko yanke shawara
• Manta sunayen sanannun mutane, abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan, ko tattaunawa
• Longeraukar lokaci don yin wahalar ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwa

Alamomin farko na cutar hauka na iya haɗawa da:

• Matsaloli tare da ayyuka waɗanda ke ɗaukar tunani, amma hakan yakan zo da sauƙi, kamar daidaita littafin dubawa, yin wasanni (kamar gada), da koyon sabon bayani ko abubuwan yau da kullun.
• Batarwa akan hanyoyin da aka sani
• Matsalolin yare, kamar matsala da sunayen abubuwan da aka sani
• Rashin sha'awar abubuwan da aka taɓa jin daɗinsu, yanayin kwanciyar hankali
• Misplacing abubuwa
• Canje-canjen ɗabi'a da asarar ƙwarewar zamantakewar jama'a, wanda zai haifar da halaye marasa kyau
• Canje-canje na yanayi yana haifar da halayyar tashin hankali
• Rashin ingancin ayyukan aiki
  

Yayinda rashin hankali ya zama mafi muni, alamun bayyanar sun bayyana kuma suna tsoma baki tare da ikon kulawa da kai. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Canji a yanayin bacci, galibi yakan farka da dare
• Matsaloli tare da ayyuka na yau da kullun, kamar shirya abinci, zaɓar tufafi masu kyau, ko tuƙi
• Mantawa da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu
• Manta abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin rayuwar mutum, rasa sanin kai
• Samun mafarki, jayayya, fitarwa, da tashin hankali
• Samun yaudara, damuwa, da damuwa
• Difficultyarin wahalar karatu ko rubutu
• Rashin yanke hukunci da rashin iya gane hatsari
• Amfani da kalma ba daidai ba, ba furta kalmomin daidai, magana a cikin jumloli masu rikicewa
• Janyewa daga lambar sada zumunta

Mutanen da ke da tsananin cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ba za su iya ƙarawa ba:

• Yi ayyukan yau da kullun na yau da kullun, kamar cin abinci, sutura, da wanka
• Gane 'yan uwa
• Fahimci yare

Sauran cututtukan da za su iya faruwa tare da lalata:

• Matsalolin sarrafa hanji ko fitsari
• Matsalar haɗiya

Kwararren mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya gano asalin rashin lafiyar ta amfani da wadannan:

• Cikakken gwajin jiki, gami da gwajin tsarin jijiyoyi
• Tambaya game da tarihin lafiyar mutum da alamomin sa
• Gwajin aikin tunani (jarrabawar halin hankali)

Sauran gwaje-gwajen na iya yin oda don gano idan wasu matsaloli na iya haifar da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ko kuma ƙara ta da muni. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da:

• Anemia
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• Kamuwa da cuta na dogon lokaci (na kullum)
• Rashin maye daga magunguna
• Tsananin damuwa
• Ciwon thyroid
• Rashin bitamin

Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin masu zuwa:

• B12 matakin
• Matakan ammonia na jini
• Kimiyyar jini (chem-20)
• Nazarin iskar gas
• Binciken Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Miyagun ƙwayoyi ko matakan shaye-shaye (allon toxicology)
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• Shugaban CT
• Gwajin halin tunani
• MRI na kai
• Gwajin aikin thyroid, gami da hormone mai motsawa (TSH)
• Matsayin hormone mai motsa jiki
• Fitsari

Jiyya ya dogara da yanayin da ke haifar da lalatawar. Wasu mutane na iya buƙatar zama a asibiti na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Wani lokaci, maganin rashin hankali na iya haifar da rikicewar mutum. Dakatar ko canza wadannan magunguna na daga cikin maganin.

Wasu darussan tunani zasu iya taimakawa tare da lalata.

Kula da yanayin da zai haifar da rikicewa galibi yana inganta aikin tunani. Irin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da:

• Anemia
• Rage iskar oksijin (hypoxia)
• Bacin rai
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Cututtuka
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Ciwon cututtukan thyroid

Ana iya amfani da magunguna don:

• Rage saurin abin da alamun ke ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa, kodayake ci gaba tare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya zama kaɗan
• Kula da matsaloli tare da ɗabi'a, kamar rashin yanke hukunci ko rikicewa

Wani da ke da tabin hankali zai buƙaci tallafi a cikin gida yayin da cutar ke ƙara ta’azzara. 'Yan uwa ko wasu masu kulawa zasu iya taimakawa ta hanyar taimakawa mutum ya jimre da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa da halayya da matsalolin bacci. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar gidajen mutanen da suka kamu da cutar mantuwa sun kasance lafiya a gare su.

Mutanen da ke da cutar MCI ba koyaushe ke kamuwa da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ba. Lokacin da rashin hankali ya faru, yawanci yakan zama mummunan lokaci. Rashin hankali yakan rage ingancin rayuwa da tsawon rai. Wataƙila iyalai zasu buƙaci tsara don kulawar ƙaunataccen su nan gaba.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Rashin hankali na tasowa ko canji kwatsam a halin tunani
• Yanayin mutumin da ke da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa na ƙara taɓarɓarewa
• Ba ku da ikon kula da mai cutar hauka a gida

Yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ba za a iya kiyaye su ba.

Hadarin jijiyoyin bugun jini na iya ragewa ta hana hana shanyewar jiki ta hanyar:

• Cin abinci mai kyau
• Motsa jiki
• Barin shan taba
• Kula da hawan jini
• Kula da ciwon suga

Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya; Lawancin Lewy; DLB; Lalacewar jijiyoyin jini; Marancin fahimta; MCI

• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da aphasia
• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da dysarthria
• Rashin hankali da tuki
• Dementia - halayyar mutum da matsalolin bacci
• Dementia - kulawar yau da kullun
• Rashin hankali - kiyaye lafiya a cikin gida
• Dementia - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Cin karin adadin kuzari yayin rashin lafiya - manya
• Hana faduwa

• Brain
• Jijiyoyin kwakwalwa

Knopman DS. Rashin hankali da sauran cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 374.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Alzheimer cuta da sauran lalata. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 95.

Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al. Aikace-aikace na taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani: rashin laushin hankali: rahoto na Developmentaddamarwar Jagora, Watsawa, da plementaddamar da Kwamiti na Cibiyar Nazarin Neurowararrun Americanwararrun Amurka. Neurology. 2018; 90 (3): 126-135. PMID: 29282327 wanda aka buga.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282327.