Matsalar al'ada hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus shine tarin ruwa na kashin baya a cikin ɗakunan ruwa na kwakwalwa. Hydrocephalus yana nufin "ruwa akan kwakwalwa."

Matsalar al'ada hydrocephalus (NPH) ita ce tasowar adadin ruwan ciki (CSF) a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke shafar aikin kwakwalwa. Koyaya, matsin ruwan yawanci al'ada ce.

Babu sanannen sanadin NPH. Amma damar haɓaka NPH tana da girma a cikin wanda ya sami ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Zuban jini daga jijiyoyin jini ko wani abu a cikin kwakwalwa (zubar jini ta subarachnoid)
• Wasu rauni na kai
• Cutar sankarau ko makamantan hakan
• Yin aikin tiyata a kan kwakwalwa (craniotomy)

Yayin da CSF ke tashi a cikin kwakwalwa, ɗakunan da ke cike da ruwa (kwakwalwa) na ƙwaƙwalwa suna kumbura. Wannan yana haifar da matsin lamba akan kayan kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya lalata ko lalata sassan kwakwalwa.

Kwayar cutar NPH galibi tana farawa ne a hankali. Akwai manyan alamu guda uku na NPH:

• Canje-canje a hanyar da mutum ke tafiya: wahala lokacin fara tafiya (gait apraxia), jin kamar ƙafafunku sun makale a ƙasa (magnetic gait)
• Rage aiki na hankali: mantuwa, wahalar kulawa, rashin kulawa ko rashin yanayi
• Matsalolin sarrafa fitsari (matsalar rashin fitsari), da kuma wani lokacin mai kula da bahaya (rashin kamuwa da hanji)

Ana iya bincikar cutar NPH idan ɗayan alamun da ke sama suna faruwa kuma ana tsammanin NPH kuma ana yin gwaji.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun. Idan kana da NPH, mai bayarwa zai iya gano cewa tafiyarka (gait) ba al'ada bane. Hakanan zaka iya samun matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Lumbar huda (taɓar kashin baya) tare da gwajin gwaji na tafiya a gaban da dama bayan bugun kashin baya
• CT scan ko MRI na kai

Jiyya ga NPH yawanci tiyata ce don sanya bututu da ake kira shunt wanda ke jan hankalin CSF mai yawa daga cikin ƙwararrun kwakwalwa zuwa cikin ciki. Ana kiran wannan shunt na ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Ba tare da magani ba, alamun cutar galibi suna daɗa muni kuma suna iya haifar da mutuwa.

Yin aikin tiyata yana inganta bayyanar cututtuka a cikin wasu mutane. Wadanda ke da alamun rashin lafiya suna da kyakkyawan sakamako. Tafiya alama ce mai yuwuwa don inganta.

Matsalolin da zasu iya haifar da NPH ko maganin sa sun haɗa da:

• Matsalolin tiyata (kamuwa da cuta, zubar jini, shunt da ba ya aiki sosai)
• Rashin aikin kwakwalwa (rashin hankali) wanda ya zama mafi muni tsawon lokaci
• Rauni daga faɗuwa
• Guntun lokacin rayuwa

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kai ko wani ƙaunatacce yana samun matsaloli masu yawa game da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tafiya, ko fitsarin kwance.
• Mutumin da ke dauke da NPH ya munana har ya kai ga ba za ku iya kula da mutumin da kanku ba.

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gida idan saurin kwatsam a cikin halin tunani ya faru. Wannan na iya nufin cewa wata cuta ta ɓullo.

Hydrocephalus - ɓoye; Hydrocephalus - idiopathic; Hydrocephalus - baligi; Hydrocephalus - sadarwa; Dementia - hydrocephalus; NPH

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - fitarwa

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Entananan ƙananan kwakwalwa

Rosenberg GA. Mawaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 88.

Sivakumar W, Drake JM, Riva-Cambrin J. Matsayi na ventriculostomy na uku a cikin manya da yara: nazari mai mahimmanci. A cikin: Winn HR, ed. Youmans da Winn Yin aikin tiyata. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 32.

Williams MA, Malm J. Ganowa da magani na idiopathic al'ada matsa lamba hydrocephalus. Ci gaba (Minneap Minn). 2016; 22 (2 Rashin hankali): 579-599. PMCID: PMC5390935 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390935/.