Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy matsala ce ta tsarin juyayi wacce ke haifar da matsanancin bacci da hare-haren bacci na rana.

Masana ba su da tabbacin ainihin dalilin narcolepsy. Yana iya samun dalilai fiye da ɗaya.

Mutane da yawa tare da narcolepsy suna da ƙananan matakin hypocretin (wanda aka fi sani da orexin). Wannan wani sinadari ne da aka yi shi a kwakwalwa wanda yake taimaka maka ka kasance a farke. A cikin wasu mutane masu cutar narcolepsy, akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da suke yin wannan sinadarin. Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda wani abin da ya faru na autoimmune. Hanyar motsa jiki ta atomatik shine lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi kuskuren kai hari ga ƙoshin lafiyar jiki.

Narcolepsy na iya gudana cikin dangi. Masu bincike sun gano wasu kwayoyin halittu masu nasaba da narcolepsy.

Alamomin narcolepsy galibi suna farawa ne tsakanin shekara 15 zuwa 30. Da ke ƙasa akwai sanannun alamun bayyanar.

MUTUNCIYAR RANAR BACCI

• Kuna iya jin sha'awar bacci, sau da yawa yakan biyo bayan lokacin bacci. Ba za ku iya sarrafawa lokacin da kuka yi barci ba. Wannan ana kiransa harin bacci.
• Waɗannan lokutan na iya wucewa daga secondsan daƙiƙoƙi zuwa aan mintoci.
• Suna iya faruwa bayan cin abinci, yayin magana da wani, ko yayin wasu yanayi.
• Mafi yawanci, kuna farka da wartsakewa.
• Hare-hare na iya faruwa yayin da kake tuki ko yin wasu ayyukan inda yin bacci na iya zama haɗari.

CATAPLEXY

• A lokacin waɗannan hare-haren, ba za ku iya sarrafa tsokokinku ba kuma ba za ku iya motsawa ba. Emotionsaƙƙarfan motsin rai, kamar dariya ko fushi, na iya haifar da cataplexy.
• Harin sau da yawa yakan wuce daga sakan 30 zuwa minti 2. Kuna sane yayin harin.
• A yayin harin, kanku ya fadi gaba, makogwaronku ya fadi, gwiwoyinku na iya yin dame.
• A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, zaka iya faduwa ka zama mai shan inna na tsawon mintuna da yawa.

LADUBBAN SHA'AWA

• Kuna gani ko jin abubuwan da basa nan, ko dai yayin bacci ko lokacin da kuka farka.
• Yayin hallucinations, zaku iya jin tsoro ko a kawo muku hari.

BARCI IYAKA

• Wannan shine lokacin da baza ku iya motsa jikin ku ba yayin da kuka fara barci ko lokacin da kuka fara farkawa.
• Yana iya wucewa zuwa minti 15.

Yawancin mutane masu cutar narcolepsy suna da bacci da rana da kuma cataplexy. Ba kowa ke da waɗannan alamun ba. Abin mamaki, duk da yawan gajiya, mutane da yawa masu cutar narcolepsy ba sa barci da kyau da daddare.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan narcolepsy guda biyu:

• Nau'in 1 ya ƙunshi samun yawan bacci da rana, cataplexy, da ƙananan matakin munafunci.
• Nau'in na 2 ya shafi samun yawan bacci da rana, amma babu cataplexy, da kuma matakin munafurci na yau da kullun.

Mai ba da lafiyarku zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku.

Kuna iya yin gwajin jini don yin sarauta da sauran yanayin da zasu iya haifar da irin wannan alamun. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Rashin bacci da sauran matsalolin bacci
• Rashin ƙafafun ƙafa
• Kamawa
• Barcin bacci
• Sauran cututtukan likita, hauka, ko cututtukan jijiyoyi

Kuna iya samun wasu gwaje-gwaje, gami da:

• ECG (ƙaddara aikin lantarki na zuciyar ku)
• EEG (ƙaddara aikin lantarki na kwakwalwarka)
• Nazarin bacci (polysomnogram)
• Gwajin jinkirin bacci da yawa (MSLT). Wannan jarabawa ce don ganin tsawon lokacin da zai dauke ku kafin kuyi bacci yayin barcin rana. Mutanen da ke da narcolepsy suna barci da sauri fiye da mutane ba tare da yanayin ba.
• Gwajin kwayar halitta don neman kwayar halittar narcolepsy.

Babu maganin narcolepsy. Koyaya, magani na iya taimakawa wajen kula da alamomin.

SAUYIN YANAYI

Wasu canje-canje na iya taimakawa inganta barcinka da dare da kuma sauƙaƙe barcin rana:

• Ku tafi barci kuma ku farka a lokaci guda a kowace rana.
• Kiyaye dakin kwananki yayi duhu kuma a yanayin zafi mai dadi. Tabbatar cewa gadonku da matashin kai sun kasance masu kyau.
• Guji maganin kafeyin, barasa, da abinci mai nauyi awoyi da yawa kafin bacci.
• Kar a sha taba.
• Yi wani abu mai daɗi, kamar yin wanka mai dumi ko karanta littafi kafin bacci.
• Samun motsa jiki a kullun, wanda zai taimaka maka bacci da daddare. Tabbatar kun shirya motsa jiki awanni da yawa kafin bacci.

Wadannan nasihun zasu iya taimaka maka wajen yin aiki sosai da kuma yanayin zamantakewar ka.

• Shirya bacci a rana yayin da galibi kuke gajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa bacci da rana da kuma rage yawan hare-haren bacci da ba a tsara su ba.
• Faɗa wa malamai, masu kula da aiki, da abokai game da yanayinku. Kuna so a buga abubuwa daga yanar gizo game da narcolepsy don su karanta.
• Nemi shawara, idan an buƙata, don taimaka maka jimre da yanayin. Samun narcolepsy na iya zama damuwa.

Idan kana da narcolepsy, ƙila ka sami takunkumin tuki. Ricuntatawa sun bambanta daga jihar zuwa jihar.

MAGUNGUNA

• Magunguna masu motsa jiki na iya taimaka maka ka kasance a farke da rana.
• Magungunan antidepressant na iya taimakawa rage aukuwa na cataplexy, ciwon inna, da rarar bacci.
• Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) yana aiki sosai don sarrafa cataplexy. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa sarrafa bacci na rana.

Wadannan kwayoyi na iya samun illa. Yi aiki tare da mai ba ku sabis don nemo shirin maganin da zai yi muku aiki.

Narcolepsy yanayi ne na rayuwa.

Zai iya zama haɗari idan aukuwa sun faru yayin tuƙi, injina masu aiki, ko yin ayyuka iri ɗaya.

Narcolepsy galibi ana iya sarrafa shi tare da magani. Yin maganin wasu matsalolin bacci da ke ƙasa na iya inganta alamun narcolepsy.

Yawan bacci saboda narcolepsy na iya haifar da:

• Matsalar aiki a wurin aiki
• Matsalar kasancewa cikin yanayin zamantakewa
• Rauni da haɗari
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna da aka yi amfani dasu don magance matsalar na iya faruwa

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da alamun narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy ba ta amsa magani
• Kuna ci gaba da sababbin bayyanar cututtuka

Ba za ku iya hana narcolepsy ba. Jiyya na iya rage yawan hare-hare. Guji yanayin da ke haifar da yanayin idan kun kasance masu saurin kai hare-hare na narcolepsy.

Rikicin bacci da rana; Cataplexy

• Tsarin bacci a cikin samari da tsofaffi

Chokroverty S, Avidan AY. Barci da rikicewar sa. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi 102.

Krahn LE, Hershner S, Loeding LD, et al.; Cibiyar Nazarin Bacci ta Amurka. Matakan inganci don kula da marasa lafiya da narcolepsy. J Clin Barcin Med. 2015; 11 (3): 335. PMID: 25700880 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700880.

Mignot E. Narcolepsy: ilimin halittar jini, rigakafi na rigakafi, da kuma ilimin mahaifa. A cikin: Kryger M, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Ka'idoji da Aikin Magungunan bacci. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi 89.