Ciwon mahaifa

Ciwon sankarar mahaifa shine cutar kansa da ke farawa a cikin mahaifa. Mahaifa shine ƙananan ɓangaren mahaifar (mahaifar) wanda ke buɗewa a saman farjin mace.

A duk duniya, cutar sankarar mahaifa ita ce ta uku mafi yawan cutar kansa a cikin mata. Ba shi da yawa a cikin Amurka saboda yawan amfani da Pap smears.

Ciwon sankarar mahaifa yana farawa a cikin sel a saman mahaifa. Akwai sel iri biyu a saman wuyan mahaifa, masu jujjuya da shafi. Yawancin cututtukan sankarar mahaifa daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne.

Ciwon sankarar mahaifa yawanci yakan bunkasa a hankali. Yana farawa azaman yanayi mai mahimmanci wanda ake kira dysplasia. Ana iya gano wannan yanayin ta hanyar shafa Pap kuma kusan 100% ana iya magance shi. Zai iya daukar shekaru kafin dysplasia ya bunkasa zuwa cutar sankarar mahaifa. Mafi yawan matan da aka gano suna da cutar sankarar mahaifa a yau ba a yi musu gwajin Pap Pap na yau da kullun ba, ko kuma ba su bin diddigin sakamakon binciken na Pap smear.

Kusan dukkanin cututtukan sankarar mahaifa na faruwa ne daga cututtukan papillomavirus na mutum (HPV). HPV cuta ce ta gama gari wacce ke yaduwa ta hanyar taɓa fata-zuwa fata da kuma ta hanyar jima'i. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan (damuwa) na HPV. Wasu matsalolin suna haifar da cutar kansa ta mahaifa. Sauran damuwa na iya haifar da cututtukan al'aura. Wasu kuma ba sa haifar da wata matsala ko kadan.

Halin mace da tsarin jima’i na iya kara mata barazanar kamuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa. Ayyukan haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Yin jima'i tun da wuri
• Samun abokan jima'i da yawa
• Samun abokin tarayya ko abokan tarayya da yawa waɗanda ke shiga cikin halayen haɗarin haɗari

Sauran abubuwan haɗarin cutar sankarar mahaifa sun haɗa da:

• Rashin samun rigakafin HPV
• Kasancewa mara talaucin tattalin arziki
• Samun uwa wacce ta sha kwayar diethylstilbestrol (DES) yayin daukar ciki a farkon shekarun 1960 don hana zubar da ciki
• Samun rashin karfin garkuwar jiki

Mafi yawan lokuta, farkon cutar sankarar mahaifa ba ta da wata alama. Kwayar cutar da ka iya faruwa sun hada da:

• Jinin al'ada mara kyau tsakanin lokuta, bayan saduwa, ko bayan gama al'ada
• Fitowar farji wanda baya tsayawa, kuma zai iya zama kodadde, mai ruwa, ruwan hoda, ruwan kasa, mai jini, ko warin wari
• Lokutan da suka zama masu nauyi kuma sun daɗe fiye da yadda aka saba

Cutar sankarar mahaifa na iya yaduwa zuwa farji, lymph nodes, mafitsara, hanji, huhu, kashi, da hanta. Yawancin lokaci, babu matsala har sai ciwon daji ya ci gaba kuma ya bazu. Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan sankarar mahaifa na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon baya
• Ciwon ƙashi ko karaya
• Gajiya
• Zubar fitsari ko najasa daga farji
• Jin zafi a kafa
• Rashin ci
• Ciwon mara
• Swananan kumbura kafa
• Rage nauyi

Ba za a iya ganin canje-canje na gaban mahaifa da na sankarar mahaifa da ido ba. Ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na musamman da kayan aiki don hango irin waɗannan yanayi:

• Fuskokin Pap Papard for precesss da ciwon daji, amma baya yin binciken asali.
• Dogara da shekarunka, ana iya yin gwajin DNA na ɗan adam papillomavirus (HPV) tare da gwajin Pap. Ko ana iya amfani dashi bayan mace ta sami sakamako mara kyau na Pap. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman gwaji na farko. Yi magana da mai ba ka kiwon lafiya game da wane gwaji ko gwaji da suka dace maka.
• Idan aka sami canje-canje mara kyau, yawanci ana yin binciken mahaifa ne a ƙarƙashi. Wannan hanya ana kiranta colposcopy. Za'a iya cire sassan nama (biopsied) yayin wannan aikin. Daga nan sai a aika da wannan tsokar zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
• Hakanan ana iya yin hanyar da ake kira biopsy na ƙwanƙwasa. Wannan hanya ce wacce ke cire dunkulen-mazugi daga gaban wuyan mahaifa.

Idan aka gano cutar sankarar mahaifa, mai bayarwar zai bada umarnin karin gwaje-gwaje. Wadannan suna taimakawa wajen tantance yadda cutar daji ta bazu. Wannan ana kiran sa staging. Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na ƙashin ƙugu
• Cystoscopy
• Pyelogram na jijiyoyin jini (IVP)
• MRI na ƙashin ƙugu
• PET scan

Jiyya na cutar sankarar mahaifa ya dogara da:

• Matakin ciwon daji
• Girman da sifar kumburin
• Matar shekarunta da kuma cikakkiyar lafiyarta
• Burinta ta sami yara anan gaba

Ana iya warkar da cutar sankarar mahaifa da wuri ta hanyar cirewa ko lalata ƙwayar tsoka ko ƙwayar cuta. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa smears na yau da kullun suke da mahimmanci don hana kansar mahaifa, ko kama shi a farkon matakin. Akwai hanyoyin tiyata don yin hakan ba tare da cire mahaifa ko lalata lahanin mahaifa ba, ta yadda mace za ta iya samun yara a nan gaba.

Nau'ukan tiyata don maganin mahaifa, kuma a wasu lokuta, ƙananan ƙananan cututtukan mahaifa sun haɗa da:

• Hanyar cire fitina ta lantarki (LEEP) - yana amfani da wutar lantarki don cire ƙwayar cuta.
• Cryotherapy - daskarewa ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Laser far - yana amfani da haske don ƙone ƙwayar mahaukaci.
• Ana iya buƙatar yin aikin tiyata don mata masu cutar sihiri waɗanda suka bi hanyoyin LEEP da yawa.
  

Jiyya don ƙarin ciwon sankarar mahaifa na iya haɗawa da:

• Radical hysterectomy, wanda ke cire mahaifa da yawancin kayan da ke kewaye, gami da kumburin lymph da na sama na farji. Ana yin wannan sau da yawa akan yara ƙwararru, masu ƙoshin lafiya da ƙananan ƙari.
• Radiation therapy, tare da low chemotherapy, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa ga mata masu fama da ƙari waɗanda suka yi girma sosai don maganin mahaifa ko kuma mata waɗanda ba 'yan takarar kirki ba ne.
  
• Fitowa daga Pelvic, wani irin tiyata mai tsananin gaske wanda ake cire dukkan gabobin ƙashin ƙugu, gami da mafitsara da dubura.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da radiation don magance ciwon daji wanda ya dawo.

Chemotherapy yana amfani da kwayoyi don kashe kansa. Ana iya ba shi shi kaɗai ko tare da tiyata ko haskakawa.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansa. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Yadda mutum yake yi ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da:

• Nau'in cutar sankarar mahaifa
• Matakin ciwon daji (yaya ya yadu)
• Shekaru da lafiyar jama'a
• Idan cutar daji ta dawo bayan magani

Yanayi na baya-bayan nan na iya warkewa gaba ɗaya yayin bin sa da kuma kula da shi da kyau. Yawancin mata suna raye a cikin shekaru 5 (tsawon rai na shekara 5) don cutar kansa wanda ya bazu a cikin bangon mahaifa amma ba a wajen yankin mahaifa ba. Adadin rayuwa na shekaru 5 ya faɗi yayin da cutar sankara ta bazu a bayan ganuwar mahaifa zuwa wasu yankuna.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Hadarin ciwon daji ya dawo cikin matan da ke da magani don kiyaye mahaifa
• Matsaloli na jima'i, hanji, da mafitsara bayan tiyata ko radiation

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun:

• Ba a yi muku karin haske na yau da kullun ba
• Yi jinin al'ada mara kyau ko fitarwa

Za a iya hana kansar mahaifa ta yin abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Sami rigakafin HPV. Alurar rigakafin ta hana yawancin nau'ikan kamuwa da cutar ta HPV da ke haifar da sankarar mahaifa. Mai ba ku sabis zai iya gaya muku idan alurar riga kafi ta dace da ku.
• Yi jima'i mafi aminci. Yin amfani da kwaroron roba a lokacin jima'i yana rage haɗarin cutar ta HPV da sauran cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs).
• Iyakance yawan masu yin jima'i da kai. Guji abokan da ke aiki cikin halayen halayen haɗari.
• Samun shafawar Pap kamar yadda mai bayarwa ya bada shawarar. Pap smears zai iya taimakawa gano canje-canje na farko, wanda za a iya magance shi kafin su juya zuwa cutar kansa ta mahaifa.
• Samo gwajin HPV idan mai bada sabis ya bada shawarar. Ana iya amfani dashi tare da gwajin Pap don tabatar da cutar sankarar mahaifa a cikin mata shekaru 30 zuwa sama.
• Idan ka sha taba, ka daina. Shan sigari yana kara damar samun cutar kansa ta mahaifa.

Ciwon daji - cervix; Ciwon mahaifa - HPV; Cutar sankarar mahaifa - dysplasia

• Hysterectomy - ciki - fitarwa
• Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - fitarwa
• Hysterectomy - farji - fitarwa
• Rarraba kwancen ciki - fitarwa

• Ciwon mahaifa
• Neoplasia na mahaifa
• Pap shafa
• Maganin mahaifa
• Cold bioe biopsy
• Ciwon mahaifa
• Pap shafawa da ciwon sankarar mahaifa

Kwalejin likitan mata da likitan mata ta Amurka, Kwamiti kan Kula da Kiwon Lafiyar Matasa, Experungiyar Experwararriyar Rigakafin rigakafi. Lambar Ra'ayin Kwamiti 704, Yuni 2017. www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Human-Papillomavirus-Vaccination. An shiga Janairu 23, 2020.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Human papillomavirus (HPV). Takaddun shaida da jagora na gaskiya. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/schedules-recommendations.html. An sabunta Agusta 15, 2019. An shiga Janairu 23, 2020.

Dan Dandatsa NF. Cutar sankarar mahaifa da cutar daji. A cikin: Hacker NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Mahimman Bayanan Hacker da Moore na cututtukan ciki da na mata. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 38.

MP Salcedo, Baker ES, Schmeler KM. Intraepithelial neoplasia na ƙananan al'aura (cervix, farji, vulva): ilimin halittar jiki, bincike, ganewar asali, gudanarwa. A cikin: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. M Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 28.

Yanar gizo Task Force na Rigakafin Ayyukan Amurka. Ciwon mahaifa: nunawa.www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. An sake shi a watan Agusta 21, 2018. An shiga Janairu 23, 2020.