Yarda da jijiyoyin jini

Tsarin jijiyoyin jiki yana nufin gudan jini (embolus) wanda ya fito daga wani sashin jiki kuma yana haifar da katsewar gudanawar jini zuwa gaɓoɓi ko sashin jiki.

'' Embolus '' shi ne daskararren jini ko wani yanki na allo wanda yake aiki kamar daskarewa. Kalmar "emboli" na nufin akwai fiye da gudan ɗaya ko wani yanki na plaque. Lokacin da gudan ya tashi daga wurin da ya samu zuwa wani wuri a jiki, ana kiran sa embolism.

Bolunƙasar cikin jijiyoyin jini na iya haifar da ɗugu ɗaya ko fiye. Maganin zai iya makalewa a jijiya kuma ya toshe jini. Toshewar yana yunwar da kyallen jini da iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewa ko mutuwar nama (necrosis).

Jigon jijiya yakan faru a kafafu da kafafu. Emboli da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa yana haifar da bugun jini. Waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin zuciya suna haifar da bugun zuciya. Kadan shafukan yanar gizo sun hada da koda, hanji, da idanu.

Dalilai masu haɗari don rikicewar jijiyoyin jini sun haɗa da:

• Heartwayar zuciya mara kyau irin su atr fibrillation
• Rauni ko lalacewar bangon jijiya
• Yanayin da ke kara daskare jini

Wani yanayin da ke haifar da babban haɗari ga haɓakawa (musamman ga kwakwalwa) shine mitral stenosis. Endocarditis (kamuwa da cuta daga cikin zuciya) kuma na iya haifar da emboli na jijiya.

Asali na yau da kullun na embolus shine daga yankunan ƙarfin zuciya (atherosclerosis) a cikin aorta da sauran manyan hanyoyin jini. Waɗannan kumburi na iya ɓarkewa suna malalowa zuwa ƙafa da ƙafa.

Sanarwar rikitarwa na iya faruwa yayin da gudan jini a cikin jijiya ya shiga hannun dama na zuciya ya wuce rami zuwa gefen hagu. Jikin zai iya motsawa zuwa jijiyoyin jini tare da toshe magudanar jini zuwa kwakwalwa (bugun jini) ko wasu gabobin.

Idan gudan jini ya yi tafiya ya kwana a jijiyoyin da ke samar da jini zuwa huhu, ana kiran shi huhu na huhu.

Kila ba ku da alamun bayyanar.

Bayyanar cututtuka na iya farawa da sauri ko a hankali dangane da girman embolus da kuma yadda yake toshe magudanar jini.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtuka na jijiyoyi a cikin hannuwa ko kafafu na iya haɗawa da:

• Sanyin hannu ko kafa
• Ragewa ko babu bugun jini a hannu ko kafa
• Rashin motsi a hannu ko kafa
• Jin zafi a yankin da abin ya shafa
• Nutsuwa da kaɗawa a hannu ko kafa
• Launi mai launi na hannu ko kafa (pallor)
• Raunin hannu ko kafa

Daga baya bayyanar cututtuka:

• Fuskokin fata wanda jijiyar ta shafa ta ciyar da su
• Zubar da fata (sloughing) na fata
• Fatawan fata (ulcer)
• Mutuwar nama (necrosis, fata ta yi duhu kuma ta lalace)

Kwayar cututtukan jini a cikin gaɓa ta bambanta da gabobin da ke ciki amma na iya haɗawa da:

• Jin zafi a ɓangaren jikin da ke ciki
• Rage aikin gabobi na dan lokaci

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya samun raguwa ko babu bugun jini, da raguwa ko babu hawan jini a hannu ko ƙafa. Akwai alamun alamun mutuwar nama ko gyambon ciki.

Gwaje-gwajen don bincikar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko bayyana asalin emboli na iya haɗawa da:

• Angiography na mummunan yanki ko sashin jiki
• Doppler duban dan tayi na gwaji
• Duplex Doppler duban dan tayi na gwaji
• Echocardiogram
• MRI na hannu ko kafa
• Tsarin halittar jiki mai banbanci (MCE)
• Labaran Duniya
• Transcranial Doppler gwajin arteries zuwa kwakwalwa
• Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

Wannan cutar na iya shafar sakamakon gwajin da ke gaba:

• D-dimer
• Gwajin Factor VIII
• Nazarin Isotope game da kwayar cutar
• Ayyukan mai hanawa na Plasminogen-1 (PAI-1)
• Gwajin tarin platelet
• Matakan-nau'in plasminogen activator (t-PA) matakan

Maganganu na jijiyoyin jiki suna buƙatar saurin magani a asibiti. Manufofin magani shine don sarrafa alamomi da kuma inganta katsewar jini zuwa yankin da abin ya shafa na jiki. Abinda ke haifar da daskararren, in an same shi, ya kamata a kula da shi don hana ci gaba da matsaloli.

Magunguna sun haɗa da:

• Anticoagulants (kamar warfarin ko heparin) na iya hana sabbin kumburin kafa
• Magungunan antiplatelet (kamar su asfirin ko clopidogrel) na iya hana sabbin kumburin kafa
• An ba da magungunan kashe zafi ta jijiya (ta IV)
• Thrombolytics (kamar su streptokinase) na iya narkar da daskarewa

Wasu mutane suna buƙatar tiyata. Hanyoyin sun hada da:

• Kewaya jijiya (wucewa ta jijiya) don ƙirƙirar tushen jini na biyu
• Cire sanye da kayan ciki ta cikin bututun roba wanda aka sanya shi a cikin jijiyar da abin ya shafa ko kuma ta hanyar bude tiyata akan jijiyar (embolectomy)
• Buɗe jijiyar tare da catheter na balan-balan (angioplasty) tare da ko ba tare da ɗorawa ba

Yaya mutum yake yi ya dogara da wurin da tabon da kuma yadda gudan jini ya toshe jini da kuma tsawon lokacin da cutar ta kasance. Maganin jijiyoyin jini na iya zama mai tsananin gaske idan ba a yi saurin magance shi ba.

Yankin da abin ya shafa na iya lalacewa har abada. Ana buƙatar yanke hannu har zuwa 1 cikin 4.

Emboli na jijiyar jiki zai iya dawowa koda bayan samun nasara cikin nasara.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Babban MI
• Kamuwa da cuta a cikin abin da abin ya shafa
• Hannun Septic
• Bugun jini (CVA)
• Rage na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin ko asarar wasu ayyukan gaɓa
• Ciwan koda na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin
• Mutuwar nama (necrosis) da gangrene
• Rikicin ischemic na wucin gadi (TIA)

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar su 911) idan kana da alamun rashin jinin jiki.

Rigakafin yana farawa ne da gano hanyoyin samun daskarewar jini. Mai ba ku sabis zai iya ba da umarnin rage jini (kamar warfarin ko heparin) don hana daskarewar jini. Hakanan ana iya buƙatar magungunan antiplatelet.

Kuna da haɗarin atherosclerosis da haɗari mafi girma idan kun:

• Hayaki
• Yi karamin motsa jiki
• Yi hawan jini
• Yi matakan cholesterol mara kyau
• Yi ciwon sukari
• Sun yi kiba
• An damu

• Yarda da jijiyoyin jini
• Tsarin jini

Aufderheide TP. Cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 77.

Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. Jagoran 2016 AHA / ACC game da kula da marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarancin ƙafa: taƙaitaccen bayani: rahoto na ofungiyar Kwalejin Zuciya ta Amurka / Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Associationungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka a kan Ka'idodin Gwajin Clinical. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69 (11): 1465-1508. PMID: 27851991 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27851991/.

Hanyar Goldman L. ga mai haƙuri tare da yiwuwar cutar na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 45.

Kline JA. Pulmonary embolism da zurfin jijiyoyin jini. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 78.

Wyers MC, Martin MC. Mutuwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. A cikin: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery da Endovascular Far. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 133.