Epidural hematoma

Hannun epidural hematoma (EDH) yana zub da jini tsakanin cikin kwanyar da kuma murfin ƙwaƙwalwa na waje (wanda ake kira da dura).

EDH yakan haifar da ɓarkewar kokon kai yayin yarinta ko samartaka. Memwafin da ke rufe kwakwalwa ba a haɗe yake da ƙwanƙwan kai kamar yadda yake a cikin tsofaffi da yara ƙanana da shekaru 2. Saboda haka, irin wannan zubar jini ya fi yawa ga matasa.

Hakanan EDH na iya faruwa saboda fashewar jijiyoyin jini, yawanci jijiya. Jirgin jini sannan ya zub da jini zuwa sarari tsakanin dura da kwanyar.

Jirgin ruwan da abin ya shafa galibi ana tsagewa ta raunin kashin kai. Kashin baya yawanci sakamakon mummunan rauni ne na kai, kamar waɗanda suka faru sanadiyyar babur, keke, skateboard, hawa kankara, ko haɗarin mota.

Zubar da jini cikin sauri yana haifar da tarin jini (hematoma) wanda ke matsawa zuwa kwakwalwa. Matsawa a cikin kai (intracranial pressure, ICP) yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Wannan matsin lamba na iya haifar da ƙarin raunin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya don duk wani rauni na kai wanda ya haifar da ko da ɗan taƙaicewar sani, ko kuma idan akwai wasu alamun bayyanar bayan raunin kai (ko da kuwa ba a sani ba)

Misali na alamun bayyanar da ke nuna EDH shine rashin hankali, sannan faɗakarwa, sannan rashin sake sani. Amma wannan tsarin na iya BA bayyana a cikin duka mutane.

Mafi mahimman alamun bayyanar EDH sune:

• Rikicewa
• Dizziness
• Dwowa ko canjin matakin farkawa
• Arawa ɗalibi a ido ɗaya
• Ciwon kai (mai tsanani)
• Raunin kai ko rauni wanda ya biyo bayan rashin sani, lokacin faɗuwa, sannan saurin lalacewa ya koma sume
• Tashin zuciya ko amai
• Arfi a ɓangaren jiki, yawanci a kan akasin haka daga gefe tare da faɗaɗa ɗalibin
• Karkatawa na iya faruwa sakamakon tasirin kai

Kwayar cutar yawanci tana faruwa ne tsakanin minutesan mintuna zuwa awanni bayan raunin kai da nuna halin gaggawa.

Wani lokaci, zub da jini baya fara awanni bayan rauni a kai. Alamomin matsi akan kwakwalwa suma basa faruwa yanzunnan.

Binciken kwakwalwa da na juyayi (na jijiyoyin jiki) na iya nuna cewa wani takamaiman sashin kwakwalwa baya aiki da kyau (misali, akwai rauni a hannu a gefe daya).

Jarabawar na iya nuna alamun ƙara ICP, kamar su:

• Ciwon kai
• Rashin hankali
• Rikicewa
• Tashin zuciya da amai

Idan ƙara ICP, ana iya buƙatar tiyata ta gaggawa don sauƙaƙe matsin lamba da hana ƙarin rauni na kwakwalwa.

CT scan mai banbanci zai tabbatar da cutar ta EDH, kuma zai nuna ainihin wurin da hematoma yake da kuma duk wani ɓaɓɓwal da ke tattare da kwanyar. MRI na iya zama da amfani don gano ƙananan cututtukan hematomas daga ƙananan.

EDH yanayin gaggawa ne. Makasudin jiyya sun haɗa da:

• Measuresaukar matakan ceton ran mutum
• Kula da bayyanar cututtuka
• Ragewa ko hana lalacewa ta dindindin ga kwakwalwa

Ana iya buƙatar matakan tallafi na rayuwa. Yin aikin tiyata na gaggawa sau da yawa wajibi ne don rage matsin lamba a cikin kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da haƙa ƙaramin rami a kwanyar don sauƙaƙa matsa lamba da kuma ba da damar jini ya malala a wajen kwanyar.

Heananan buƙatun hematomas ko dasassu na jini na iya buƙatar cirewa ta wata babbar buɗewa a cikin kwanyar (craniotomy).

Magungunan da ake amfani da su ban da tiyata za su bambanta gwargwadon nau'ikan da tsananin alamun cututtuka da lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar da ke faruwa.

Ana iya amfani da magungunan haɗari don sarrafawa ko hana kamuwa. Ana iya amfani da wasu magunguna da ake kira wakilan hyperosmotic don rage kumburin kwakwalwa.

Ga mutanen da ke kan sikanin jini ko masu matsalar zubar jini, ana iya buƙatar maganin don hana ƙarin zubar jini.

EDH na da babban haɗarin mutuwa ba tare da hanzarin yin tiyata ba. Ko da tare da kulawar gaggawa, babban haɗarin mutuwa da nakasa ya kasance.

Akwai haɗarin raunin ƙwaƙwalwa na dindindin, koda kuwa an ba da EDH. Kwayar cutar (kamar kamuwa da cuta) na iya ci gaba har tsawon watanni, koda bayan jiyya. Da lokaci kan iya zama ba su da yawa ko ɓacewa. Karkarwa na iya farawa har zuwa shekaru 2 bayan rauni.

A cikin manya, yawancin murmurewa yana faruwa ne a cikin watanni 6 na farko. Yawancin lokaci akwai wasu ci gaba sama da shekaru 2.

Idan akwai lalacewar kwakwalwa, cikakken dawowa ba zai yuwu ba. Sauran rikitarwa sun haɗa da alamun bayyanar dindindin, kamar:

• Herniation na kwakwalwa da kuma dindindin coma
• Matsalar al'ada hydrocephalus, wanda zai haifar da rauni, ciwon kai, rashin nutsuwa, da wahalar tafiya
• Shan inna ko asara (wanda ya fara a lokacin rauni)

Je zuwa ɗakin gaggawa ko kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gida idan alamun bayyanar EDH sun faru.

Raunin kashin baya yakan faru tare da raunin kai. Idan dole ne ka motsa mutum kafin taimako ya zo, yi ƙoƙari ka riƙe wuyansa ko wuyansa.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan waɗannan alamun sun ci gaba bayan jiyya:

• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko matsalolin mai da hankali
• Dizziness
• Ciwon kai
• Tashin hankali
• Matsalar magana
• Rashin motsi a cikin sashin jiki

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gaggawa idan waɗannan alamun sun ci gaba bayan jiyya:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Kamawa
• Arantar ɗaliban idanu ko kuma ɗaliban ba su da girma
• Rage amsawa
• Rashin hankali

EDH bazai zama mai hanawa ba da zarar raunin rauni ya faru.

Don rage haɗarin rauni na kai, yi amfani da kayan aikin lafiya daidai (kamar huluna masu tauri, hular kwano ko hular kwano, da bel.

Bi matakan kariya akan aiki da wasanni da shakatawa. Misali, kar a nutse cikin ruwa idan ba a san zurfin ruwan ba ko kuma duwatsu na iya kasancewa.

Karin hematoma; Zubar da jini na lokaci-lokaci; Zubar da jini na epidural; EDH

Cibiyar Nazarin Neurowararrun Neurowararrun andwararraki da Yanar gizo. Raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa: fata ta hanyar bincike. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Traumatic-Brain-Injury-Hope-Through. An sabunta Afrilu 24, 2020. An shiga Nuwamba 3, 2020.

Shahlaie K, Zwienenberg-Lee M, Muizelaar JP. Ilimin cututtukan cututtukan asibiti na raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Winn HR, ed. Youmans da Winn Yin aikin tiyata. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi 346.

Wermers JD, Hutchison LH. Rauni. A cikin: Coley BD, ed. Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 39.