Rashin hankali
Rashin lafiyar hankali wani yanayi ne da aka gano kafin ya cika shekaru 18 wanda ya haɗa da aiki na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma ƙarancin ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don rayuwar yau da kullun.
A baya, ana amfani da kalmar jinkirin hankali don bayyana wannan yanayin. Wannan kalmar ba a amfani da ita
Rashin hankali na hankali yana shafar kusan 1% zuwa 3% na yawan jama'a. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da nakasa ilimi, amma likitoci sun sami takamaiman dalili a cikin kashi 25% na al'amuran.
Abubuwa masu haɗari suna da alaƙa da musabbabin. Abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa ilimi na iya haɗawa da:
- Cututtuka (yanzu lokacin haihuwa ko faruwa bayan haihuwa)
- Matsanancin cututtukan chromosomal (kamar su Down syndrome)
- Muhalli
- Canjin rayuwa (kamar su hyperbilirubinemia, ko kuma matakan bilirubin mai girma a jarirai)
- Abinci mai gina jiki (kamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki)
- Mai guba (bayyanar da cutar cikin giya, hodar iblis, amphetamines, da sauran kwayoyi)
- Cutar (kafin da bayan haihuwa)
- Ba a bayyana ba (likitoci ba su san dalilin rashin hankalin mutum ba)
A matsayin dangi, zaku iya tsammanin yaronku yana da nakasa ta ilimi lokacin da yaronku ke da ɗayan waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Rashin ko jinkirin haɓaka ƙwarewar motsa jiki, ƙwarewar harshe, da ƙwarewar taimakon kai, musamman idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu
- Rashin yin girma cikin wayewa ko ci gaba da halaye irin na jarirai
- Rashin son sani
- Matsalolin ci gaba a makaranta
- Rashin daidaitawa (daidaita zuwa sababbin yanayi)
- Matsalar fahimta da bin dokokin zamantakewa
Alamomin rashin ilimi na iya zama daga mara nauyi zuwa mai tsanani.
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen haɓaka don tantance yaron:
- Gwajin gwajin ci gaban Denver mara kyau
- Havarancin Adaabi'a mai daidaitawa ƙasa da matsakaici
- Hanyar haɓakawa ƙasa da ta takwarorina
- Otiididdigar hankali (IQ) ƙasa da 70 akan daidaitaccen gwajin IQ
Manufar magani ita ce haɓaka haɓakar mutum zuwa cikakke. Ilimi na musamman da horo na iya farawa tun daga ƙuruciya. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙwarewar zamantakewar jama'a don taimakawa mutum yayi aiki kamar yadda ya kamata.
Yana da mahimmanci ga gwani ya kimanta mutum don wasu matsalolin lafiyar jiki da hankali. Mutane da ke da nakasa ta ilimi sau da yawa ana taimaka musu da ba da shawara game da ɗabi'a.
Tattauna hanyoyin kula da lafiyar yaranku tare da masu ba ku kula da lafiya ko ma'aikacin zamantakewar ku domin ku taimaka wa yaranku su kai ga gaci.
Waɗannan albarkatun na iya samar da ƙarin bayani:
- Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da Raunin Ilimi da Ci Gaban Ci gaba - www.aaidd.org
- Arc - www.thearc.org
- Nationalungiyar forasa don Ciwon Cutar Down - www.nads.org
Sakamakon ya dogara da:
- Tsanani da sanadin nakasa ilimin boko
- Sauran yanayi
- Jiyya da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Mutane da yawa suna rayuwa mai amfani kuma suna koyon aiki da kansu. Sauran suna buƙatar tsararren yanayi don samun nasara sosai.
Kira mai ba da sabis idan:
- Kuna da damuwa game da ci gaban ɗanka
- Kuna lura cewa motar ɗanku ko ƙwarewar harshe ba ta haɓaka kullum
- Yaronku yana da wasu cututtukan da ke buƙatar magani
Kwayar halitta Bayar da shawara game da kwayar halitta da nunawa yayin haihuwa suna iya taimaka wa iyaye su fahimci haɗari da kuma yin shiri da shawarwari.
Zamantakewa Shirye-shiryen abinci mai gina jiki na iya rage nakasar da ke tattare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Shiga cikin gaggawa a cikin al'amuran da suka shafi zagi da talauci shima zai taimaka.
Mai guba. Hana yaduwar gubar, mercury, da sauran gubobi yana rage barazanar nakasa. Koyar da mata game da haɗarin shaye-shaye da ƙwayoyi yayin da suke ciki na iya taimakawa rage haɗarin.
Cututtuka masu cututtuka. Wasu cututtukan na iya haifar da nakasar ilimi. Kare wadannan cututtukan na rage kasada. Misali, ana iya kiyaye cututtukan rubella ta hanyar rigakafi. Gujewa kamuwa da cutar siji wanda zai iya haifar da cutar toxoplasmosis a lokacin daukar ciki na taimakawa rage nakasa daga wannan kamuwa da cutar.
Ci gaban ilimin boko; Rashin hankali
Psyungiyar Psywararrun Americanwararrun Amurka. Rashin hankali. Bincike da istididdigar Jagora na Rashin Hauka. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Psywararrun chiwararrun Americanwararrun Amurkawa; 2013: 33-41.
Shapiro BK, O'Neill ME. Bunƙasa ci gaba da nakasa ilimi. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 53.