Kyanda

Cutar kyanda cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa (mai saurin yaduwa) ta kwayar cuta.

Cutar kyanda na yaduwa ne ta hanyar tabo daga hanci, baki, ko maƙogwaron mai cutar. Atishawa da tari na iya sanya gurɓatattun ƙwayaye a cikin iska.

Idan mutum daya yana da kyanda, kashi 90% na mutanen da suka sadu da wannan mutum za su kamu da cutar, sai dai idan ba a yi musu rigakafin ba.

Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar kyanda ko kuma wadanda aka yiwa rigakafin cutar kyanda ana kiyaye su daga cutar. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000, an kawar da cutar ƙyanda a cikin Amurka. Sai dai kuma, mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafin ba wadanda ke tafiya zuwa wasu kasashen da cutar ta kyanda ta zama ruwan dare sun dawo da cutar zuwa Amurka. Wannan ya haifar da barkewar cutar kyanda kwanan nan cikin rukunin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba.

Wasu iyayen basa barin 'ya'yansu suyi rigakafin. Wannan saboda tsoro ne mara kan gado cewa allurar rigakafin MMR, wacce ke kariya daga kyanda, kumburi, da kyanda, na iya haifar da rashin lafiya. Iyaye da masu kulawa su sani cewa:

• Babban karatu na dubunnan yara ba su sami wata alaƙa tsakanin wannan ko wata rigakafi da autism ba.
• Bayani daga dukkan manyan kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya a Amurka, Burtaniya, da sauran wurare duk sun samo BABU LINK tsakanin allurar rigakafin MMR da autism.
• Nazarin da ya fara ba da rahoton haɗarin autism daga wannan rigakafin an tabbatar da zamba.

Kwayar cutar kyanda galibi tana farawa kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 bayan kamuwa da cutar. Wannan shine ake kira lokacin shiryawa.

Rash galibi ita ce babbar alama. A kurji:

• Yawancin lokaci yakan bayyana kwana 3 zuwa 5 bayan alamun farko na rashin lafiya
• Mai yiwuwa ya wuce kwanaki 4 zuwa 7
• Yawancin lokaci yakan fara ne a kan kai kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu yankuna, yana motsa jikin mutum
• Na iya bayyana a matsayin ɗakuna, wurare masu canza launi (macules) da kayatattu, ja, yankuna masu tasowa (waɗanda suka haɗu daga baya)
• Kaya

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Idanun jini
• Tari
• Zazzaɓi
• Haske mai haske (photophobia)
• Ciwon tsoka
• Red da kumburi idanu (conjunctivitis)
• Hancin hanci
• Ciwon wuya
• Whiteananan farin tabo a cikin bakin (Koplik spots)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun. Ana iya ganewar asali ta hanyar duban kumburi da ganin tabo Koplik a cikin baki. Wani lokaci kyanda na iya zama da wahala a iya ganowa a wane yanayi ana bukatar yin gwajin jini.

Babu takamaiman magani don kyanda.

Mai zuwa na iya taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• Kwanci tashi
• Iska mai danshi

Wasu yara na iya buƙatar abubuwan bitamin A, wanda ke rage haɗarin mutuwa da rikitarwa a cikin yaran da BASU samun isasshen bitamin A.

Wadanda BASU da rikitarwa kamar ciwon huhu suna yin kyau.

Matsalolin kamuwa da cutar kyanda na iya haɗawa da:

• Jin haushi da kumburin manyan hanyoyin da ke ɗaukar iska zuwa huhu (mashako)
• Gudawa
• Jin haushi da kumburin kwakwalwa (encephalitis)
• Ciwon kunne (otitis media)
• Namoniya

Kira wa mai ba ku sabis idan ku ko yaranku suna da alamun cutar kyanda.

Yin rigakafi hanya ce mai matukar tasiri don rigakafin cutar ƙyanda. Mutanen da ba su da rigakafin rigakafin, ko kuma ba su sami cikakkiyar rigakafin ba, suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar idan sun bayyana.

Shan kwayar magani ta globulin cikin kwanaki 6 bayan kamuwa da kwayar na iya rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kyanda ko sa cutar ta zama mai tsanani.

Rubeola

• Kyanda, tabon Koplik - kusa-kusa
• Kyanda a bayanta
• Antibodies

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Kyanda (rubeola). www.cdc.gov/measles/index.html. An sabunta Nuwamba 5, 2020. An shiga Nuwamba 6, 2020.

Cherry JD, Lugo D. cutar kyanda. A cikin: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin da Cherry's Littafin rubutu na cututtukan cututtukan yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 180.

Maldonado YA, Shetty AK. Kwayar Rubeola: kyanda da kuma magance cutar sankarau. A cikin: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, eds. Ka'idoji da Aiki na cututtukan cututtukan yara na yara. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 227.