Lalacewar magana a cikin manya

Maganganu da raunin harshe na iya zama wasu matsalolin da yawa waɗanda ke sa wahalar sadarwa.

Wadannan maganganu ne na yau da kullun da rikicewar harshe.

APHASIYA

Aphasia rashin ƙarfi ne na fahimta ko bayyana magana ko rubutaccen yare. Yana yawan faruwa bayan bugun jini ko raunin ƙwaƙwalwa. Hakanan yana iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke da kumburin ƙwaƙwalwa ko cututtukan cututtukan zuciya waɗanda ke shafar yankunan yare na kwakwalwa. Wannan kalmar ba ta shafi yara waɗanda ba su taɓa haɓaka ƙwarewar sadarwa ba. Akwai aphasia iri daban-daban.

A wasu lokuta na aphasia, matsalar daga ƙarshe ta gyara kanta, amma a wasu, ba ta gyaru.

DYSARTHRIA

Tare da dysarthria, mutum yana da matsalar bayyana wasu sauti ko kalmomi. Suna da magana mara kyau (kamar slurring) kuma ana canza karin magana ko saurin magana. Yawancin lokaci, jijiya ko cuta ta ƙwaƙwalwa ya sa ya zama da wuya a sarrafa harshe, lebe, maƙogwaro, ko igiyar murya, waɗanda ke yin magana.

Dysarthria, wanda ke da wahalar furta kalmomi, wani lokacin yana rikicewa da aphasia, wanda ke wahalar samar da harshe. Suna da dalilai daban-daban.

Hakanan mutanen da ke fama da cutar dysarthria na iya samun matsalolin haɗiye.

RASHIN BANZA

Duk abin da ya canza fasalin igiyar muryar ko yadda suke aiki zai haifar da hargitsi na murya. Girma irin na dunƙule kamar nodules, polyps, cysts, papillomas, granulomas, da cancer suna iya zama abin zargi. Waɗannan canje-canje suna sa murya ta bambanta da yadda take sabawa.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan rikice-rikicen suna ci gaba da hankali, amma kowa na iya haɓaka lafazin magana da yare ba zato ba tsammani, yawanci cikin damuwa.

APHASIYA

• Alzheimer cuta
• Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa (mafi yawan gaske a cikin aphasia fiye da dysarthria)
• Rashin hankali
• Ciwon kai
• Buguwa
• Rikicin ischemic na wucin gadi (TIA)

DYSARTHRIA

• Shaye-shayen giya
• Rashin hankali
• Cututtukan da ke shafar jijiyoyi da tsokoki (cututtukan neuromuscular), kamar su amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ko Lou Gehrig disease), palsy cerebral, myasthenia gravis, or multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Raunin fuska
• Raunin fuska, kamar ciwon gurguwar Bell ko raunin harshe
• Ciwon kai
• Yin tiyatar kansa da wuya
• Erwayoyin cuta (na jijiyoyin jiki) waɗanda ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa, kamar cutar Parkinson ko cutar Huntington (mafi yawanci a cikin dysarthria fiye da aphasia)
• Rashin dacewa kayan hakoran roba
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna waɗanda ke aiki akan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, kamar narcotics, phenytoin, ko carbamazepine
• Buguwa
• Rikicin ischemic na wucin gadi (TIA)

RASHIN BANZA

• Girma ko nodules a kan layin muryar
• Mutanen da suke amfani da muryar su sosai (malamai, masu horarwa, masu yin sautuka) suna iya haifar da rikicewar murya.

Don dysarthria, hanyoyin da za a taimaka inganta haɓaka sadarwa sun haɗa da magana a hankali da amfani da alamun hannu. Iyali da abokai suna buƙatar samar da wadataccen lokaci ga waɗanda ke da cutar don bayyana ra'ayinsu. Buga a na'urar lantarki ko amfani da alkalami da takarda kuma na iya taimakawa ta hanyar sadarwa.

Don aphasia, membobin dangi na iya buƙatar samar da tunatarwa kan fuskantarwa akai-akai, kamar ranar mako. Rikici da rikicewa galibi suna faruwa tare da aphasia.Yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa ba tare da kalamu ba na iya taimakawa.

Yana da mahimmanci a kula da annashuwa, yanayi mai nutsuwa da kiyaye abubuwan tashin hankali na waje zuwa mafi karanci.

• Yi magana cikin sautin al'ada (wannan yanayin ba matsalar ji bane ko matsalar motsin rai).
• Yi amfani da jimloli masu sauƙi don kaucewa rashin fahimta.
• Kar a ɗauka cewa mutumin ya fahimta.
• Bayar da kayan sadarwa, in ya yiwu, ya danganta da mutum da yanayinsa.

Nasihun lafiyar hankali na iya taimakawa tare da baƙin ciki ko takaicin da yawancin mutane da ke fama da matsalar magana suke da shi.

Tuntuɓi mai bada idan:

• Lalacewa ko asarar sadarwa ta zo kwatsam
• Akwai rashin lahani na magana ko rubutaccen yare

Sai dai idan matsalolin sun ci gaba bayan abin da ya faru na gaggawa, mai ba da sabis ɗin zai ɗauki tarihin likita da yin gwajin jiki. Tarihin likita na iya buƙatar taimakon dangi ko abokai.

Mai yiwuwa mai bayarwa zai yi tambaya game da matsalar rashin magana. Tambayoyi na iya haɗawa lokacin da matsalar ta ɓullo, ko akwai rauni, da kuma irin magungunan da mutum zai sha.

Gwajin gwajin da za a iya aiwatarwa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Gwajin jini
• Cerebral angiography don bincika gudanawar jini a cikin kwakwalwa
• Binciken CT ko MRI na kai don bincika matsaloli irin su ƙari
• EEG don auna aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa
• Electromyography (EMG) don bincika lafiyar tsokoki da jijiyoyin da ke kula da tsokoki
• Lumbar huda don bincika ruɓaɓɓen ƙwayar jijiya wanda ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya
• Gwajin fitsari
• X-ray na kwanyar

Idan gwaje-gwajen sun gano wasu matsalolin likita, wasu kwararrun likitoci zasu buƙaci tuntuɓar su.

Don taimako game da matsalar magana, mai yiwuwa ne a nemi shawarar mai magana da yare da kuma ma'aikacin zamantakewa.

Lalacewar harshe; Lalacewar magana; Rashin iya magana; Afhasia; Dysarthria; Zurfin magana; Rashin jin muryar Dysphonia

Kirshner HS. Aphasia da cututtukan aphasic. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 13.

Kirshner HS.Dysarthria da apraxia na magana. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 14.

Rossi RP, Kortte JH, Palmer JB. Maganganu da rikicewar harshe A cikin: Frontera WR, Azurfa JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Mahimmancin Magungunan Jiki da Gyarawa. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 155.