Daidaitaccen gwajin ido

Gwajin gwajin ido misali jerin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi domin duba hangen nesan ku da lafiyar idanun ku.

Da farko, za a tambaye ku idan kuna da matsalar ido ko hangen nesa. Za a umarce ku da ku bayyana waɗannan matsalolin, tsawon lokacin da kuka same su, da duk wani abin da ya sa suka fi kyau ko suka munana.

Hakanan za'a sake nazarin tarihin tabarau ko ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓa. Likitan ido zai yi tambaya game da lafiyarku gaba ɗaya, gami da kowane irin magani da kuka sha da tarihin lafiyar danginku.

Na gaba, likita zai duba hangen nesa (ƙwarewar gani) ta amfani da ginshiƙi na Snellen.

• Za a umarce ku da karanta bazuwar haruffa waɗanda suka zama ƙarami layi a layi yayin da idanunku ke motsawa ƙasa. Wasu jadawalin Snellen ainihin masu saka idanu ne na bidiyo suna nuna haruffa ko hotuna.
• Don ganin idan kuna buƙatar tabarau, likita zai sanya ruwan tabarau da yawa a gaban idanunku, ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma ya tambaye ku lokacin da haruffa a kan jadawalin Snellen suka fi sauƙi gani. Wannan ana kiran sa refraction.

Sauran sassan jarabawar sun hada da gwaje-gwaje zuwa:

• Duba idan kuna da hangen nesa mai girma (3D) mai girma uku (stereopsis).
• Duba gefen hangen nesa (gefe).
• Bincika jijiyoyin ido ta hanyar tambayar ku da ku duba wurare daban-daban a fitila ko wani ƙaramin abu.
• Ka bincika yara da fitila don ka ga ko sun amsa (takura) daidai zuwa haske.
• Sau da yawa, za a ba ka digo na ido don buɗe ɗalibanka. Wannan yana bawa likitan damar amfani da na’urar da ake kira ophthalmoscope don kallon sifofin a bayan ido. Wannan yanki ana kiran shi fundus. Ya hada da tantanin ido da jijiyoyin jini na kusa da jijiyar gani.

Ana amfani da wata na'urar kara kuzari, ana kiranta fitila mai tsaga, don:

• Duba sassan ido na gaba (fatar ido, cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, da iris)
• Bincika ƙarin ƙaruwa a cikin ido (glaucoma) ta amfani da hanyar da ake kira tonometry

Ana gwada makantar launi ta amfani da katuna tare da dige masu launi waɗanda suke yin lambobi.

Yi alƙawari tare da likitan ido (wasu suna ɗaukar marasa lafiya). Guji wahalar ido a ranar gwaji. Idan ka sanya tabarau ko lambobin sadarwa, ka zo da su tare. Kuna iya buƙatar wani ya kai ku gida idan likita ya yi amfani da digo na ido don fadada ɗalibanku.

Gwajin ba ya haifar da ciwo ko damuwa.

Duk yara yakamata su sami gwajin hangen nesa a cikin ofishin likitan yara ko kuma mai yin aikin dangi a kusan lokacin da suka koyi haruffa, sannan kuma duk bayan shekara 1 zuwa 2 daga baya. Bincike ya kamata a fara da wuri idan ana zargin duk wata matsalar ido.

Tsakanin shekaru 20 da 39:

• Kammalallen gwajin ido ya kamata a yi kowace shekara 5 zuwa 10
• Manya waɗanda ke sanya tabarau na tuntuɓar suna buƙatar gwajin ido kowace shekara
• Wasu alamun cututtukan ido ko cuta na iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaji akai-akai

Manya sama da shekaru 40 waɗanda ba su da haɗarin haɗari ko yanayin ido masu gudana ya kamata a bincika:

• Kowace shekara 2 zuwa 4 ga manya shekaru 40 zuwa 54
• Kowace shekara 1 zuwa 3 ga manya masu shekaru 55 zuwa 64
• Kowane shekara 1 zuwa 2 ga manya masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama

Dogaro da abubuwan haɗarinku na cututtukan ido da alamominku na yanzu ko cututtukanku, likitan ido na iya ba da shawarar cewa a riƙa yin gwaji sau da yawa.

Matsalar ido da ta likita waɗanda za a iya samu ta gwajin ido na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Haskewar tabarau na ido (cataracts)
• Ciwon suga
• Glaucoma
• Hawan jini
• Rashin hasara mai kaifi, hangen nesa na tsakiya (lalacewar cutar macular, ko ARMD)

Sakamakon gwajin ido na yau da kullun al'ada ne idan likitan ido ya gano kuna da:

• 20/20 (al'ada) hangen nesa
• Ikon gano launuka daban-daban
• Cikakken filin gani
• Daidaita ƙwayar tsoka ido
• Matsalar ido ta al'ada
• Tsarin ido na al'ada (cornea, iris, ruwan tabarau)

Sakamakon sakamako mara kyau na iya zama saboda ɗayan masu zuwa:

• ARMD
• Astigmatism (mai lankwasa cornea)
• An toshe bututun hawaye
• Ciwon ido
• Makantar launi
• Corneal dystrophy
• Cutar ulceal, cututtuka, ko rauni
• Lalacewar jijiyoyi ko hanyoyin jini a cikin ido
• Lalacewar cututtukan sukari a cikin ido (mai ciwon sukari retinopathy)
• Hyperopia (hangen nesa)
• Glaucoma
• Raunin ido
• Idon rago (amblyopia)
• Myopia (hangen nesa)
• Presbyopia (rashin iya mayar da hankali ga kusan abubuwan da ke tasowa tare da shekaru)
• Strabismus (ƙetare idanu)
• Idanun ido ko ɓoyewa

Wannan jerin bazai hada da dukkan dalilan da zasu iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau ba.

Idan kun sami digo don fadada idanun ku don maganin ophthalmoscopy, idanun ku zasu zama dusashe.

• Sanya tabarau don kare idanun ka daga hasken rana, wanda zai iya lalata idanun ka yayin da aka fadada su.
• Ka sa wani ya kai ka gida.
• Yawan digon yakan lalace a cikin awanni da yawa.

A cikin wasu al'amuran da ba safai ba, yaduwar idanun ido yana haifar da:

• Harin glaucoma mai kunkuntar-kusurwa
• Dizziness
• Rashin bushewar baki
• Flushing
• Tashin zuciya da amai

Daidaitaccen jarrabawar ido; Binciken ido na yau da kullun; Gwajin ido - misali; Nazarin ido na shekara-shekara

• Ganin jarabawar gani
• Kayayyakin gwajin filin

Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Idanu. A cikin: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Jagoran Seidel don Nazarin Jiki. 8th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015: babi na 11.

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al. Eyeididdigar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin likita sun fi son jagororin tsarin aiki. Ilimin lafiyar ido. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

Prokopich CL, Hrynchak P, Elliott DB, Flanagan JG. Binciken lafiyar ido. A cikin: Elliott DB, ed. Hanyoyin Bincike a Kulawar Ido na Farko. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: babi na 7.