Gwajin aikin huhu

Gwajin aikin huhu rukuni ne na gwaji waɗanda ke auna numfashi da yadda huhu yake aiki yadda ya kamata.

Spirometry yana auna yanayin iska. Ta hanyar auna yawan iskar da kake fitarwa, da kuma yadda kake fitar da sauri, spirometry na iya kimanta yawan cututtukan huhu. A gwajin spirometry, yayin da kuke zaune, kuna numfasawa cikin murfin bakin da ke haɗe da kayan aikin da ake kira spirometer. Spirometer yana rubuta adadin da yanayin iska da kuke shaka da fita a cikin wani lokaci. Lokacin tsayawa, wasu lambobin na iya ɗan bambanta.

Don wasu ma'aunin gwajin, zaku iya numfasawa ta al'ada da nutsuwa. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna buƙatar shaƙar tilastawa ko kuma fitar da numfashi bayan wani dogon numfashi. Wani lokaci, za a umarce ku da shaƙar wani gas ko magani don ganin yadda yake canza sakamakon gwajin ku.

Ana iya yin ƙimar girman huhu ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Hanya mafi dacewa ita ake kira plethysmography ta jiki. Kuna zaune a cikin akwatin iska mara haske wanda yayi kama da rumfar waya. Masanin fasaha ya nemi kuyi numfashi a kuma fita daga bakin magana. Canje-canje a cikin matsi a cikin akwatin yana taimakawa tantance ƙarar huhun.
• Hakanan za'a iya auna ƙarfin huhu lokacin da kuke shaƙar iskar nitrogen ko iskar helium ta wani bututu na wani lokaci. Measuredididdigar iskar gas a cikin ɗakin da aka haɗe da bututun an auna shi don kimanta ƙarar huhun.

Don auna ƙarfin yaɗuwa, kuna numfasa iska mai cutarwa, ana kiranta gas mai bin sawu, na ɗan gajeren lokaci, galibi don numfashi ɗaya kawai. An auna adadin gas a cikin iskar da kuke fita daga ciki. Bambancin yawan iskar gas da aka shaka da kuma shakar yana auna yadda iskar gas ke tafiya daga huhu zuwa jini. Wannan gwajin yana bawa mai bada kiwon lafiya damar kimanta yadda huhun yake motsa iskar oxygen daga iska zuwa cikin jini.

Kada ku ci abinci mai nauyi kafin gwajin. Kada a sha taba na awanni 4 zuwa 6 kafin gwajin. Za ku sami takamaiman umarni idan kuna buƙatar dakatar da amfani da bronchodilators ko wasu magungunan shaƙa. Zai yuwu kuyi numfashi a magani kafin ko yayin gwajin.

Tunda gwajin ya ƙunshi wasu numfashi da tilas da kuma saurin numfashi, ƙila ka sami ɗan gajeren numfashi na ɗan lokaci ko saukin kai. Hakanan zaka iya samun ɗan tari. Kuna numfasawa ta murfin bakin mai matsewa kuma kuna da shirye-shiryen hanci. Idan kai claustrophobic ne, ɓangaren gwajin a cikin rufaffiyar rumfa na iya jin daɗi.

Bi umarni don amfani da bakin murfin spirometer. Sealaramar mara kyau a kusa da bakin magana na iya haifar da sakamakon da ba daidai ba.

Anyi gwaje-gwajen aikin huhu zuwa:

• Binciko wasu nau'ikan cututtukan huhu, kamar asma, mashako, da emphysema
• Nemo dalilin karancin numfashi
• Auna ko bayyanar da sinadarai a wurin aiki yana shafar aikin huhu
• Bincika aikin huhu kafin wani yayi tiyata
• Kimanta tasirin magunguna
• Auna ci gaba a maganin cututtuka
• Yi la'akari da amsa ga magani a cikin cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin zuciya

Valuesa'idodin al'ada suna dogara da shekarunku, tsayinku, ƙabilarku, da kuma jinsi. Ana bayyana sakamako na al'ada azaman kashi. Usuallyima yawanci ana ɗauka maras kyau idan yakai ƙasa da 80% na ƙimar da aka faɗi.

Jerin ƙimar al'ada zai iya bambanta kaɗan tsakanin dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, dangane da hanyoyi kaɗan kaɗan don ƙayyade ƙimar al'ada. Yi magana da mai baka game da ma'anar takamaiman sakamakon gwajin ka.

Matakan daban waɗanda za'a iya samu akan rahotonku bayan gwajin aikin huhu sun haɗa da:

• Arfin yaɗawa zuwa carbon monoxide (DLCO)
• Piararren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ERV)
• Capacityarfin ƙarfin karfi (FVC)
• Exparar ƙarewar tilas a cikin dakika 1 (FEV1)
• Flowaddamar da ƙaƙƙarfan kwarara 25% zuwa 75% (FEF25-75)
• Resarfin aikin aiki (FRC)
• Matsakaicin iska na son rai (MVV)
• Ragowar girma (RV)
• Flowarshen ƙarancin ƙarewa (PEF)
• Rage ƙarfin aiki mai mahimmanci (SVC)
• Jimlar ƙarfin huhu (TLC)

Sakamako mara kyau yakan zama ma'anar cewa kuna iya samun cutar kirji ko huhu.

Wasu cututtukan huhu (kamar su emphysema, asma, mashako na kullum, da cututtuka) na iya sa huhun ya ƙunshi iska da yawa kuma ya ɗauki tsayin fanko. Wadannan cututtukan huhu ana kiransu cututtukan huhu masu nakasa.

Sauran cututtukan huhu suna sanya huhu yayi rauni kuma ya zama karami saboda ya zama suna da iska kaɗan kuma suna da talauci wajen tura oxygen cikin jini. Misalan irin wadannan cututtukan sun hada da:

• Matsanancin nauyi
• Pulmonary fibrosis (tabo ko kaurin jikin huhu)
• Sarcoidosis da scleroderma

Raunin jijiyoyin jiki na iya haifar da sakamako na gwaji mara kyau, koda huhu na al'ada ne, ma'ana, kwatankwacin cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙaramin huhu.

Akwai ƙaramin haɗarin huɗar huhu (pneumothorax) a cikin mutanen da ke da wani nau'in cutar huhu. Bai kamata a yi gwajin ga mutumin da ya kamu da bugun zuciya ba da daɗewa, ko yake da wasu nau'o'in cututtukan zuciya, ko kuma ya sami huhu da ya faɗi kwanan nan.

PFTs; Iaddamarwa; Spirogram; Gwajin aikin huhu; Yawan huhu; Labaran Duniya

• Iarfafawa
• Gwajin wasa

Zinariya WM, Koth LL. Gwajin aikin huhu. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 25.

Putnam JB. Huhu, kirjin kirji, roƙo, da matsakaici. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na Tiyata: Tushen Halittu na Ayyukan Tiyata na Zamani. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 57.

Scanlon PD. Ayyukan numfashi: hanyoyin da gwaji. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 79.