Mawallafi: Gregory Harris
Ranar Halitta: 10 Afrilu 2021
Sabuntawa: 24 Satumba 2024
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Chondroitin sulfate - Medical Definition
Video: Chondroitin sulfate - Medical Definition

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Chondroitin sulfate wani sinadari ne wanda akan sameshi a guringuntsi a kewayen sassan jiki. Chondroitin sulfate galibi ana kera shi ne daga asalin dabbobi, kamar su shark da guntun saniya. Hakanan za'a iya yin sa a cikin lab.

Wasu samfuran chondroitin sulfate ba a yiwa lakabi daidai. A wasu lokuta, adadin chondroitin ya banbanta daga babu zuwa fiye da 100% na adadin da aka bayyana akan alamar samfurin. Hakanan, wasu samfuran suna ƙunshe da chondroitin wanda aka karɓa daga dabbobi daban-daban, kodayake wannan ba koyaushe ake bayyana shi akan alamar ba.

Chondroitin sulfate ana amfani dashi don osteoarthritis da cataracts. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa tare da sauran kayan haɗi, gami da ascorbate na manganese, hyaluronic acid, collagen peptides, ko glucosamine. Hakanan ana daukar sinadarin Chondroitin sulfate da baki, ana shafa shi a fata, kuma ana ba da shi azaman harbi don wasu yanayi da yawa, amma babu kyakkyawar shaidar kimiyya don tallafawa waɗannan amfani.

Magunguna na Compwararren Bayanan Bayanai ƙimar tasiri bisa ga shaidar kimiyya bisa ga mizani mai zuwa: Inganci, Mai yuwuwa Mai Yiwuwa, Yiwuwar Tasiri, Yiwuwar Mara Inganci, Mai yiwuwa Mara Inganci, Mara Inganci, da suarancin Shaida don Rate.

Effectivenessimar tasiri don CHONDROITIN SULFATE sune kamar haka:


Yiwuwar tasiri ga ...

  • Ciwon ido. Bincike ya nuna cewa allurar maganin da ke dauke da sinadarin chondroitin sulfate da sodium hyaluronate a cikin ido na kare ido yayin aikin tiyatar ido. Yawancin kayayyaki daban-daban da ke ƙunshe da chondroitin sulfate da sodium hyaluronate an sake nazarin su ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) don amfani a yayin aikin tiyatar ido. Duk da haka, ba a bayyana ba idan ƙara chondroitin sulfate zuwa maganin sodium hyaluronate yana taimakawa rage matsi a cikin ido bayan aikin tiyatar idan aka kwatanta da sauran jiyya iri ɗaya. Wasu karatun farko sun nuna cewa wani takamaiman maganin ido wanda yake dauke da chondroitin sulfate da hyaluronate (Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories) na iya rage matsi a cikin ido da kuma inganta lafiyar ido gaba daya bayan an cire cataract. Koyaya, digon bai fito da mafi kyawu fiye da digo dauke da hyaluronate shi kadai ba ko wani sinadarin da ake kira hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose. Ba a san tasirin mafita da ke ɗauke da chondroitin sulfate kawai kan aikin tiyatar ido ba.
  • Osteoarthritis. Bincike na asibiti ya nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate ta bakin yana kara karfin kwalliya da aiki ga wasu mutane masu cutar sanyin kashi lokacin amfani dasu har zuwa watanni 6. Da alama yana aiki mafi kyau a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma lokacin da ake amfani da shirye-shiryen hada magunguna. Kayyadaddun samfuran da suka nuna fa'ida ga marasa lafiyar da ke fama da cutar sanyin ƙashi sun hada da Chondrosulf (IBSA Institut Biochimique SA), Chondrosan (Bioibérica, SA), da Structrum (Laboratoires Pierre Fabre). Amma sauƙin ciwo yana iya zama ƙarami a mafi kyau. Sauran bincike sun nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate har zuwa shekaru 2 na iya rage ci gaban cutar sanyin ƙashi.
    Wasu bincike sun kimanta tasirin chondroitin sulfate lokacin da aka ɗauke ta baki haɗe da glucosamine. Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa shan takamaiman samfuran da ke dauke da sinadarin chondroitin sulfate da glucosamine na taimaka wajan rage alamomin cutar sanyin kashi. Sauran binciken ba su nuna fa'ida lokacin da ake amfani da shirye-shiryen da ba na kasuwanci ba. Shan sulfate chondroitin tare da glucosamine na dogon lokaci yana bayyana don rage ci gaban osteoarthritis.
    Akwai wasu shaidun cewa cream cream wanda ke dauke da chondroitin sulfate a hade tare da glucosamine sulfate, shark cartilage, da kafur na iya rage alamun osteoarthritis. Koyaya, duk wani taimako na alamun alama yana iya kasancewa ne saboda kafur ba sauran abubuwan ba. Babu wani bincike da ke nuna cewa chondroitin yana shiga cikin fata.

Evidencearancin shaida don kimanta inganci don ...

  • Hadin gwiwa da aka samu sakamakon magungunan da ake kira aromatase inhibitors (aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa shan hadewar sinadarin glucosamine sulfate da chondroitin sulfate a cikin kashi biyu ko uku masu raba allurai a kullum na tsawon makonni 24 yana inganta ciwan gabobi da alamomin da magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance kansar nono ke haifarwa.
  • Ido ya bushe. Bincike na farko ya nuna cewa yin amfani da digirin ido na sulfate na iya rage bushewar idanu. Sauran binciken sun nuna cewa yin amfani da digon ido dauke da chondroitin sulfate da xanthan gum zai iya inganta busassun idanu game da amfani da hawaye na wucin gadi. Amma sauran binciken farko basu nuna fa'ida ba.
  • Ciwon jijiyoyin jiki da motsa jiki ya haifar. Binciken farko ya nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate a kullum ba ya rage ciwon tsoka bayan motsa jiki a cikin maza.
  • Kumburi (kumburi) na ciki (gastritis). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa shan wani takamaiman ruwa mai dauke da sinadarin chondroitin sulfate da hyaluronic acid na iya rage radadin ciwon ciki ga masu ciwon ciki.
  • Ciwon mafitsara mai raɗaɗi (farkon cystitis). Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa sanya ruwa tare da chondroitin sulfate a cikin mafitsara na iya inganta alamomin mafitsara mai raɗaɗi. Amma yawancin waɗannan karatun ba su da inganci. Wasu karatuttukan masu inganci suna ba da shawarar cewa amfani da chondroitin sulfate a cikin mafitsara ba shi da amfani. Wasu bincike na farko sun nuna cewa shan samfur mai dauke da sinadarin chondroitin sulfate da sauran sinadarai ta bakin zai iya inganta mafitsara mai zafi. Amma ba a bayyana ba idan amfanin daga chondroitin sulfate ne ko sauran sinadaran.
  • Rashin lafiya wanda ke shafar ƙasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa, yawanci a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashi na selenium (cutar Kashin-Beck). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa chondroitin sulfate, tare da ko ba tare da glucosamine hydrochloride, na iya rage jin zafi ga mutanen da ke da cutar Kashin-Beck. Hakanan, shan chondroitin sulfate tare da glucosamine sulfate na iya rage ragowar sararin haɗin gwiwa a cikin mutanen da ke da wannan cutar ta ƙashi. Koyaya, bashi da tabbas idan shan chondroitin sulfate shi kadai yana jinkirta taƙaita sararin haɗin gwiwa.
  • Ciwon zuciya. Wasu bincike na farko sun nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate ta bakin na iya rage haɗarin samun ciwon zuciya na farko ko maimaituwa.
  • Scaly, fata mai kaushi (psoriasis). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate na tsawon watanni 2-3 yana rage zafi da inganta yanayin fata ga mutane masu cutar psoriasis. Amma sauran bincike sun nuna cewa shan chondroitin sulfate (Condrosan, CS Bio-Active, Bioiberica SA., Barcelona, ​​Spain) a kullum tsawon watanni 3 baya rage cutar psoriasis a cikin mutane masu cutar psoriasis da gwiwa osteoarthritis.
  • Rashin ikon fitsari (rashin fitsari). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa saka sodium chondroitin sulfate a cikin mafitsara ta hanyar bututun fitsari yana inganta rayuwar mutane a cikin mafitsara mai mafitsara.
  • Cututtuka na koda, mafitsara, ko mafitsara (cututtukan urinary ko UTIs). Binciken farko ya nuna cewa bayarda maganin da ke dauke da sinadarin chondroitin sulfate da hyaluronic acid a cikin mafitsara ta hanyar bututun mai yana rage adadin UTIs a cikin mata masu tarihin UTIs.
  • Fatar tsufa.
  • Ciwon zuciya mai ci gaba.
  • Ciwon zuciya.
  • Babban cholesterol.
  • Kasusuwa masu rauni da rauni (osteoporosis).
  • Wrinkled fata.
  • Sauran yanayi.
Ana buƙatar ƙarin shaida don kimanta chondroitin sulfate don waɗannan amfani.

A cikin osteoarthritis, guringuntsi a cikin gabobin ya karye. Shan sulfate na chondroitin, ɗayan tubalin gini na guringuntsi, na iya rage wannan rushewar.

Lokacin shan ta bakin: Chondroitin sulfate shine LAFIYA LAFIYA. Chondroitin sulfate an ɗauke shi ta bakin lafiya har zuwa shekaru 6. Zai iya haifar da ɗan ƙananan ciwon ciki da tashin zuciya. Sauran cututtukan da aka ruwaito sun hada da kumburi, gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, ciwon kai, kumburin ido, kumburin kafa, zubewar gashi, kumburin fata, da bugun zuciya mara kyau.

Lokacin sanya shi cikin ido: Chondroitin sulfate shine LAFIYA LAFIYA lokacin amfani dashi azaman maganin ido yayin tiyatar ido.

Lokacin da aka ba da harbi: Chondroitin sulfate shine MALAM LAFIYA lokacin da aka yi allura a cikin jiji a matsayin harbi, gajere.

Akwai damuwa game da amincin chondroitin sulfate saboda ya fito ne daga tushen dabba. Wasu mutane suna cikin fargaba cewa rashin ingancin ayyukan kere kere zai iya haifar da gurbata kayayyakin chondroitin tare da cututtukan dabbobi, wadanda suka hada da wadanda zasu iya yada cutar sankarar mahaifa (cutar saniya). Ya zuwa yanzu, babu rahoton chondroitin da ke haifar da cuta a cikin mutane, kuma ana tunanin haɗarin ba shi da ƙasa.

Wasu kayan chondroitin suna ƙunshe da manganese mai yawa. Tambayi masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya game da samfuran abin dogara.

Kariya & Gargaɗi na Musamman:

Ciki da shan nono: Babu isasshen bayani tabbatacce don sanin ko chondroitin sulfate yana da lafiya don amfani yayin ciki ko ciyar da nono. Kasance a gefen aminci ka guji amfani.

Asthma: Akwai wasu damuwa cewa chondroitin sulfate na iya haifar da asma. Idan kana da asma, yi amfani da chondroitin sulfate a hankali.

Rikicin daskarewar jini: A ka'ida, gudanar da chondroitin sulfate na iya kara barazanar zub da jini a cikin mutane masu fama da matsalar daskarewar jini.

Ciwon daji na Prostate: Bincike na farko ya nuna cewa chondroitin na iya haifar da yaduwa ko sake kamuwa da cutar sankarar jakar gurji. Ba a nuna wannan tasirin ba tare da ƙarin chondroitin sulfate. Koyaya, har sai an san wasu abubuwa, kar a sha sulfate na chondroitin idan kuna da ciwon sankara ko kuma kuna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da shi (kuna da ɗan’uwa ko uba mai cutar ta prostate)

Matsakaici
Yi hankali da wannan haɗin.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ana amfani da Warfarin (Coumadin) don rage saurin daskarewar jini. Akwai rahoto da yawa da ke nuna cewa shan chondroitin tare da glucosamine yana kara tasirin warfarin (Coumadin) kan daskarewar jini. Wannan na iya haifar da rauni da zubar jini wanda na iya zama mai tsanani. Kar ka dauki chondroitin idan kana shan warfarin (Coumadin).
Babu sanannun hulɗa tare da ganye da kari.
Babu sanannun hulɗa da abinci.
An yi nazarin ƙwayoyi masu zuwa a cikin binciken kimiyya:

DA BAKI:
  • Domin cutar sanyin kashi: Halin da ake amfani da shi na chondroitin sulfate shine 800-2000 MG da aka ɗauka azaman guda ɗaya ko a cikin kashi biyu ko uku masu rarraba kowace rana har zuwa shekaru 3.
SHAFIN FATA:
  • Domin cutar sanyin kashi: Wani kirim mai dauke da 50 mg / gram na chondroitin sulfate, 30 mg / gram na glucosamine sulfate, 140 mg / gram na sharti cartilage, da 32 mg / gram na kafur an yi amfani da su kamar yadda ake buƙata don haɗin gwiwa har zuwa makonni 8.
CUTAR CIKIN MUTUM:
  • Domin cutar sanyin kashi: An yi allurar Chondroitin sulfate (Matrix) a cikin tsoka kowace rana ko sau biyu a kowane mako na tsawon watanni 6.
NEMA ZUWA IDAN:
  • Don ciwon ido: Duban ruwa daban daban da ke dauke da sinadarin soya hyaluronate da chondroitin sulfate (DisCoVisc, Alcon Laboratories; Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories; DuoVisc, Alcon Laboratories; Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories; Provisc, Alcon Laboratories) an yi amfani da su yayin aikin tiyatar ido.
Kwayar Chondroitin Sulfate, CDS, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Polysulfate, Chondroitin Polysulphate, Chondroitin Sulfate A, Chondroitin Sulfates, Chondroitin Sulfate B, Chondroitin Sulfate C, Chondroitin Sulphates, Chondroitin Sulphate A Sodium, Chondroïtine S , Chondroïtine 4-Sulfate, Chondroïtine 4- et 6- Sulfate, Condroitin, CPS, CS, CSA, CSC, GAG, Galactosaminoglucuronoglycan Sulfate, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Chondroitin 4- da 6-Sulfate, Poly- (1-> 3) -N-Aceltyl-2-Amino-2-Deoxy-3-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranurosyl-4- (ko 6-), Polysulfate de Chondroïtine, Sulfate de Chondroïtine, Sulfate de Galactosaminoglucuronoglycane, Sulfates de Chondroïtine, .

Don ƙarin koyo game da yadda aka rubuta wannan labarin, da fatan za a duba Magunguna na Compwararren Bayanan Bayanai hanya.


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