Kwayar rigakafi: yadda ake yi da yadda za a fahimci sakamako

Wadatacce

• Yadda ake sanya kwayoyin cuta
• Uroculture tare da maganin rigakafi
• Yadda ake fassara sakamakon
• Me yasa ya zama dole don gano maganin rigakafi daidai?

Kwayar maganin rigakafi, wanda aka fi sani da Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (TSA), jarabawa ce da ke nufin ƙayyade ƙwarewa da juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi zuwa maganin rigakafi. Ta hanyar sakamakon kwayar cutar, likita na iya nuna wacce kwayar cuta ce ta fi dacewa don magance cututtukan mutum, don haka guje wa yin amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyi marasa amfani waɗanda ba sa yaƙi da kamuwa da cutar, ban da hana fitowar juriya.

A yadda aka saba, ana aiwatar da kwayar cutar bayan gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin jini, fitsari, feces da kyallen takarda. Don haka, bisa ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da bayanin martaba, likita na iya nuna mafi dacewa magani.

Yadda ake sanya kwayoyin cuta

Don aiwatar da kwayar cutar, likitan zai nemi tarin kayan halitta kamar jini, fitsari, miyau, phlegm, feces ko kuma kwayoyin halitta daga kwayoyin da kwayoyin cuta suka gurbata. Ana tura waɗannan samfuran zuwa dakin binciken ƙwayoyin cuta don nazari da namowa a matsakaiciyar al'adar da ke fifita ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungal.

Bayan girma, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun keɓe kuma ana yin gwajin gwaji don isa ga ƙarshen ƙarancin kwayoyin da ke da alhakin kamuwa da cutar. Bayan keɓewa, ana kuma yin maganin rigakafin don a san yanayin ƙwarewa da juriya na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gano, waɗanda za a iya yi ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Cutar rigakafin cutar ta Agar: A wannan aikin, ana sanya ƙananan fayafai na takarda waɗanda ke ƙunshe da maganin rigakafi daban-daban a kan farantin karfe tare da matsakaitan al'adu don ci gaban cutar. Bayan kwana 1 zuwa 2 a cikin greenhouse, yana yiwuwa a lura da cewa ko kuna jin girma a kusa da faifan. Idan babu ci gaba, ana cewa microorganism yana kula da wannan kwayoyin, ana dauke shi mafi dacewa don maganin kamuwa da cuta;
• Kwayar maganin rigakafin jiki: a cikin wannan aikin akwai akwati tare da yawan narkewar kwayoyin tare da allurai daban-daban, inda ake sanya ƙwayoyin halittar da za a bincika, kuma an ƙayyade imumaramar Cigaba da Cutar (CMI) na kwayoyin. Kwanten da ba a lura da ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta ba ya dace da kashi na maganin rigakafin da dole ne a yi amfani da shi a cikin jiyya, saboda yana hana ci gaban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

A halin yanzu a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ana amfani da kwayar rigakafin ta wata na'ura wacce ake yin juriya da gwajin ƙwarewa. Rahoton da aka fitar na kayan aikin ya sanar da irin maganin rigakafin da kwayar cutar ke bijirewa kuma wacce ke da tasiri wajen yakar kananan kwayoyin kuma a wane irin nitsuwa.

Uroculture tare da maganin rigakafi

Cutar cututtukan fitsari na daya daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi kamari ga mata, galibi, kuma ga maza. Saboda wannan dalili, abu ne na yau da kullun ga likitoci su buƙaci ƙari ga nau'in fitsari na 1, EAS, da al'adun fitsari tare da kwayar cuta mai kare jikin mutum. Ta wannan hanyar, likita na iya dubawa idan akwai wani canji a fitsarin da ke nuna matsalolin koda, ta hanyar EAS, da kuma kasancewar fungi ko kwayoyin cuta a cikin hanyoyin fitsarin da ke iya nuna kamuwa, ta hanyar al'adar fitsari.

Idan aka binciki kasancewar kwayoyin cuta a cikin fitsarin, sai a yi maganin rigakafin na gaba don likita ya san wanne kwayoyin ne ya fi dacewa da magani. Koyaya, game da cututtukan urinary, ana ba da shawarar maganin rigakafi kawai idan mutum yana da alamomi don hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta.

Fahimci yadda ake yin al'adar fitsari.

Yadda ake fassara sakamakon

Sakamakon kwayoyin cuta na iya daukar kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 kuma ana samun sa ne ta hanyar nazarin tasirin kwayoyin cutar kan ci gaban kwayoyin cuta. Kwayar rigakafin dake hana yaduwar kwayar cuta shine wanda aka nuna don magance kamuwa da cutar, amma idan akwai ci gaba, yana nuna cewa kananan kwayoyin da ake magana a kansu basu damu da wannan maganin ba, ma'ana mai juriya.

Dole ne likita ya fassara sakamakon kwayar cutar, wanda ke lura da ƙimar ofarancin Inhibitory Concentration, wanda ake kira CMI ko MIC, da / ko diamita na hana halo, gwargwadon gwajin da aka yi. IMC ta dace da mafi ƙarancin ƙwayar maganin rigakafi wanda ke iya hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana daidai da ƙa'idodin tsarin Cibiyar Nazarin Clinical da Laboratory, CLSI, kuma yana iya bambanta gwargwadon maganin rigakafi da za a gwada shi da kuma ƙwayoyin halittar da aka gano.

Dangane da maganin yaduwar cutar ta agar, inda ake sanya takardu dauke da wasu kwayoyin cuta na kwayoyin rigakafi a cikin matsakaiciyar al'ada tare da kananan kwayoyin halitta, bayan shiryawa na kimanin awanni 18 yana yiwuwa a gane kasancewar ko a'a na hana halos. Daga girman diamita na halos, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta basu da saukin kamuwa, mai saukin kamuwa, matsakaici ko masu juriya da kwayoyin.

Dole ne a fassara sakamakon sakamakon gwargwadon ƙaddara na CLSI, wanda ke ƙayyade hakan don gwajin saurin saukin kai na Escherichia coli ga Ampicillin, alal misali, hanawar halo kasa da ko kuma daidai da 13 mm yana nuna cewa kwayar cutar na iya jure kwayar rigakafin kuma halo daidai da ko ya fi 17 mm yana nuna cewa kwayar tana da laulayi. Ara koyo game da sakamakon al'adar fitsari tare da kwayoyin cuta.

Don haka, gwargwadon sakamakon kwayar cutar, likita na iya nuna maganin rigakafi mafi inganci don yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta.

Me yasa ya zama dole don gano maganin rigakafi daidai?

Amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta wadanda basu dace ba kuma basuda tasiri ga kwayoyin cuta suna jinkirta murmurewar mutum, wani bangare yana kula da cutar kuma yana fifita cigaban hanyoyin kare kwayar cutar, wanda yake sanya kamuwa da cutar ya zama da wahalar magani.

Saboda wannan dalili, yana da matukar mahimmanci kada a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi ba tare da jagorancin likita ba kuma ba dole ba, saboda wannan na iya kawo ƙarshen zaɓin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da suka fi ƙarfin maganin rigakafi, rage zaɓin magunguna don yaƙi da cututtuka.