Fibrosis na Hanta

Wadatacce

• Menene matakan hanta fibrosis?
• Menene alamun cutar hanta fibrosis?
• Menene musababin hanta fibrosis?
• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani
• Ganewar asali
• Kwayar halittar hanta
• Elastography na wucin gadi
• Gwajin marasa lafiya
• Rikitarwa
• Outlook

Bayani

Fibrosrosis na hanta yana faruwa lokacin da lafiyayyen ƙwayar hanta ya zama tabo saboda haka ba zai iya aiki da kyau ba. Fibrosis shine matakin farko na raunin hanta. Daga baya, idan yawancin hanta ya zama tabo, ana kiran sa hanta cirrhosis.

Duk da yake wasu nazarin dabba sun nuna yiwuwar hanta ta sake rayuwa ko ta warkar da kanta, da zarar an yi lahani a cikin mutane, hanta ba ta warkewa. Koyaya, magunguna da canje-canje na rayuwa na iya taimakawa don kiyaye fibrosis daga ƙara muni.

Menene matakan hanta fibrosis?

Akwai nau'ikan sikeli daban-daban na daukar hoto na hanta, inda likita ya kayyade matsayin cutar hanta. Tunda tsayarwa na iya zama mai ma'ana, kowane sikelin yana da nasa gazawar. Wani likita na iya tunanin hanta ya ɗan fi rauni fiye da wani. Koyaya, yawanci likitoci zasu sanya matakin mataki a kan hanta fibrosis saboda yana taimakawa mara lafiya da sauran likitoci fahimtar matakin da hanta mutum ke sha.

Ofayan shahararrun tsarin cin kwallaye shine tsarin ƙididdigar METAVIR. Wannan tsarin yana ba da maki don “aiki” ko hasashen yadda fibrosis ke ci gaba, kuma don matakin fibrosis kanta. Doctors galibi za su iya ba da wannan maki ne kawai bayan ɗaukar biopsy ko samfurin nama na wani hanta. Matakan aiki suna daga A0 zuwa A3:

• A0: babu aiki
• A1: m aiki
• A2: matsakaici aiki
• A3: aiki mai tsanani

Matakan fibrosis suna zuwa daga F0 zuwa F4:

• F0: babu fibrosis
• F1: fibrosis na ƙofar ba tare da septa ba
• F2: fibrosis na ƙofa tare da ƙananan septa
• F3: yawancin septa ba tare da cirrhosis ba
• F4: cirrhosis

Sabili da haka, mutumin da yake da nau'in cuta mafi tsanani zai sami maki A3, F4 METAVIR.

Wani tsarin kwalliya shine Batts da Ludwig, wadanda suke karatun fibrosis a sikelin aji 1 zuwa aji 4, tare da aji 4 shine mafi tsananin. Theungiyar ofasa ta Nazarin Hanta (IASL) ita ma tana da tsarin zura kwallaye tare da rukuni huɗu waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙananan cutar hepatitis zuwa mai tsanani mai saurin ciwon hanta.

Menene alamun cutar hanta fibrosis?

Doctors ba sau da yawa suna bincikar hanta fibrosis a cikin matakan matsakaici zuwa matsakaici. Wannan saboda hanta fibrosis yawanci baya haifar da alamun har sai yawan hanta ya lalace.

Lokacin da mutum yayi cigaba a cutar hantarsa, zasu iya fuskantar alamomin da suka haɗa da:

• asarar abinci
• wahalar tunani a sarari
• haɓakar ruwa a ƙafafu ko ciki
• jaundice (inda fata da idanu suka bayyana rawaya)
• tashin zuciya
• asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba
• rauni

A cewar a, kimanin kashi 6 zuwa 7 na yawan mutanen duniya suna da hanta fibrosis kuma ba su sani ba saboda ba su da alamomi.

Menene musababin hanta fibrosis?

Fibrosrosis na hanta yana faruwa bayan mutum ya sami rauni ko kumburi a cikin hanta. Kwayoyin hanta suna motsa warkar da rauni. A lokacin wannan warkar da rauni, sunadarai masu yawa kamar su collagen da glycoproteins suna haɗuwa a cikin hanta. A ƙarshe, bayan lokuta da yawa na gyara, ƙwayoyin hanta (da aka sani da hepatocytes) ba za su iya sake gyara kansu ba. Abubuwan sunadaran da suka wuce haddi suna samar da tabon nama ko fibrosis.

Yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan hanta sun wanzu wanda zai iya haifar da fibrosis. Wadannan sun hada da:

• ciwon hanta na autoimmune
• toshewar biliary
• ƙarfe obalodi
• cututtukan hanta marasa haɗari, waɗanda suka haɗa da hanta mai haɗari mai narkewa (NAFL) da nonalcohol steatohepatitis (NASH)
• kwayar hepatitis B da C
• cutar hanta mai giya

A cewar, mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da hanta fibrosis shine cututtukan hanta mai narkewar fata (NAFLD), yayin da na biyun kuma cutar hanta ce ta giya saboda yawan shan giya na dogon lokaci.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don hanta fibrosis yawanci suna dogara ne akan ainihin dalilin fibrosis. Dikita zai magance rashin lafiyar, idan zai yiwu, don rage tasirin cutar hanta. Misali, idan mutum ya sha barasa fiye da kima, likita na iya ba da shawarar shirin magani don taimaka musu su daina shan giya. Idan mutum yana da NAFLD, likita na iya ba da shawarar yin sauye-sauyen abinci don rage nauyi da shan magunguna don haɓaka ingantaccen sarrafa sukari cikin jini. Motsa jiki da rage kiba shima na iya taimakawa wajen rage ci gaban cutar.

Hakanan likita zai iya ba da umarnin magungunan da aka sani da antifibrotics, waɗanda aka nuna don rage yuwuwar cutar hanta za ta faru. Magungunan antifibrotic da aka tsara yawanci ya dogara da yanayin likita. Misalan waɗannan jiyya sun haɗa da:

• cutar hanta na kullum: Masu hana ACE, kamar su benazepril, Lisinopril, da ramipril
• hepatitis C cutar: a-Tocopherol ko interferon-alpha
• nonalkohol steatohepatitis: PPAR-alpha agonist

Yayinda masu bincike ke gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don kokarin neman magunguna wadanda za su iya kawar da illolin hanta fibrosis, babu wasu magunguna da za su iya cimma wannan a halin yanzu.

Idan kwayar cutar hanta ta mutum ta ci gaba zuwa inda hantarsa ​​ke da rauni sosai kuma ba ta aiki, maganin mutum sau daya kawai shi ne karbar karbar hanta. Koyaya, jerin jira sun daɗe don waɗannan nau'ikan dasawa kuma ba kowane mutum bane ɗan takarar tiyata.

Ganewar asali

Kwayar halittar hanta

A al'adance, likitoci sun dauki daukar kwayar halittar hanta a matsayin "mizanin zinariya" na gwajin cutar hanta. Wannan aikin tiyata ne inda likita zai ɗauki samfurin nama. Kwararren masani da aka sani da masanin cututtukan cututtuka zai bincika tsokar don kasancewar tabo ko fibrosis.

Elastography na wucin gadi

Wani zaɓi shine gwajin hoto wanda aka sani da elastography na wucin gadi. Wannan gwaji ne da ke auna yadda hanta take da ƙarfi. Lokacin da mutum ke da fibrosis na hanta, ƙwayoyin da ke da tabo suna sa hantar ta yi tauri. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da ƙananan raƙuman sauti don auna yadda ƙarfin hanta yake. Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a sami maganganun karya inda ƙwayoyin hanta zasu iya bayyana da ƙarfi, amma biopsy ba ya nuna alamun hanta.

Gwajin marasa lafiya

Koyaya, likitoci sun sami damar yin amfani da wasu gwaje-gwajen da ba sa buƙatar tiyata don sanin yiwuwar mutum na iya samun cutar hanta. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen jini yawanci ana kebe su ne ga wadanda suke sanannu da cutar hepatitis C wadanda suka fi saurin kamuwa da cutar hanta saboda cutar su. Misalan sun hada da sinadarin hyaluronate, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP), da mai hana nama na matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).

Hakanan likitoci na iya amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar lissafi, kamar su aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI) ko gwajin jini da ake kira FibroSURE wanda ke auna alamomi daban-daban guda shida na aikin hanta kuma sanya su cikin wani algorithm kafin sanya maki. Koyaya, likita ba zai iya ƙayyade yawancin matakin hanta fibrosis bisa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba.

Daidai, likita zai binciki mutum tare da hantarsa ​​fibrosis a wani mataki na farko lokacin da yanayin ya fi sauki. Koyaya, saboda yanayin yawanci baya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a matakan farko, likitoci galibi ba sa bincikar yanayin da wuri.

Rikitarwa

Babban mawuyacin matsalar hanta fibrosis na iya zama hanta cirrhosis, ko tsananin tabo wanda ke sa hanta ta lalace mutum zai kamu da rashin lafiya. Yawancin lokaci, wannan yakan ɗauki dogon lokaci kafin ya faru, kamar tsawon shekaru ɗaya ko biyu.

Mutum na bukatar hantarsa ​​ta rayu domin hanta ce ke da alhakin tace abubuwa masu lahani a cikin jini da kuma yin wasu ayyuka da yawa masu mahimmanci ga jiki. Daga qarshe, idan fibrosis na mutum ya ci gaba zuwa cirrhosis da gazawar hanta, suna iya samun rikitarwa kamar:

• ascites (tsananin ruwa a cikin ciki)
• cututtukan hanta (tarin kayan sharar da ke haifar da rikicewa)
• cututtukan hepatorenal
• hauhawar jini
• zubar jini na variceal

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan halayen na iya zama mai mutuƙar ga mutumin da ke da cutar hanta.

Outlook

A cewar, hanta cirrhosis na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a duniya. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci mutum ya binciki kuma yayi masa maganin hanta fibrosis da wuri-wuri kafin ya ci gaba zuwa hanta cirrhosis. Saboda hanta fibrosis ba koyaushe ke haifar da alamomi ba, wannan yana da wuyar yi. Wani lokaci likitoci dole suyi la’akari da abubuwan haɗarin mutum, kamar su kiba ko mai shan giya, a cikin binciken fibrosis da kuma ba da shawarar jiyya.