Shin Magungunan rigakafi suna taimakawa mura? Otherari Sauran Jiyya

Wadatacce

• Yadda maganin rigakafi ke aiki
• Game da mura
• Game da juriya na kwayoyin cuta
• Shin maganin rigakafi yana da amfani yayin da kake mura?
• Antivirals don magance mura
• Sauran maganin mura
• Huta
• Sha ruwa
• Auki maɓallin ciwo mai kan-kan-counter
• Awauki

Bayani

Mura (“mura”) cuta ce ta numfashi mai saurin yaduwa wacce ta zama gama gari a lokacin kaka da watannin hunturu na shekara.

Rashin lafiyar na iya zama babban nauyi a wannan lokacin, wanda ke haifar da ba kawai kwanakin da aka rasa na aiki da makaranta ba, har ma da zuwa asibiti.

Misali, a lokacin mura na 2016-2017, an kiyasta cewa sama da mutane miliyan 30 ne suka kamu da mura a Amurka. Wannan ya haifar da ziyarar likitoci sama da miliyan 14 da kuma kwantar da mutane 600,000.

Don haka me za ku iya yi don yaƙi da mura sau ɗaya bayan an same ta? Shin likitanku zai iya ba ku maganin rigakafi don magance shi?

Magungunan rigakafi ba hanya ce mai tasiri don magance mura ba. Karanta don koyon dalilin.

Yadda maganin rigakafi ke aiki

Magungunan rigakafi magunguna ne da ake amfani dasu don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

A ƙarshen 1800s, masu bincike sun fara lura cewa wasu sunadarai suna da tasiri wajen magance cututtuka. Sannan, a cikin 1928, Alexander Fleming ya gano cewa wani naman gwari da ake kira Penicillium notatum ya gurbata daya daga cikin al'adun sa na kwayoyin cuta. Naman gwari ya bar yankin da babu kwayoyin cuta a yankin da ya girma.

Wannan binciken zai haifar da cigaban maganin penicillin, maganin rigakafi na farko da aka samar dashi.

A yau, akwai nau'ikan maganin rigakafi da yawa. Suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da:

• dakatar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga bunƙasa ƙwayarsu yadda yakamata
• hana samar da sunadarai a cikin kwayar kwayar cuta
• lalata haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar su DNA da RNA

Magungunan rigakafi suna magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma basu da tasiri akan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Game da mura

Mura cuta ce ta kwayar cuta wacce kwayar cutar mura ta haifar.

An yada shi da farko ta digon numfashi wanda ake saki a cikin iska lokacin da mai cutar ya yi tari ko atishawa. Idan ka shaka wadannan diga, zaka iya kamuwa da cutar.

Haka nan kwayar cutar na iya yaduwa idan ka hadu da gurbatattun abubuwa ko kuma saman, kamar kofar ƙofa da abin ɗamara. Idan ka taba gurbataccen wuri sannan ka taba fuskarka, bakinka, ko hancinka, za ka iya kamuwa da cutar.

Rashin lafiyar da kwayar cutar mura ta haifar na iya zama daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani kuma ya haɗa da alamun cututtuka kamar:

• zazzaɓi
• jin sanyi
• tari
• hanci ko cunkoson hanci
• ciwon wuya
• ciwon jiki da ciwo
• gajiya ko kasala
• ciwon kai

Saboda mura cuta ce ta kwayar cuta, maganin rigakafi ba zai taimaka wajen magance ta ba.

A baya, mai yiwuwa an sanya muku maganin rigakafi lokacin da kuke mura. Koyaya, wannan yana yiwuwa ne saboda likitanku yayi zargin cewa zaku iya kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta sakandare.

Game da juriya na kwayoyin cuta

Juriyar rigakafin rigakafi shine lokacin da kwayoyin cuta suka dace da zama masu tsayayya da maganin rigakafi. A wasu lokuta, kwayar cuta na iya zama mai jurewa yawancin maganin rigakafi. Wannan ya sa wasu cututtukan ke da wahalar magani.

Juriya na iya faruwa yayin da ake maimaita kwayoyin cuta zuwa irin wannan kwayoyin. Kwayoyin suna fara daidaitawa kuma suna da karfi don tsayayya da tasirin kwayar cutar kuma suna rayuwa. Lokacin da nau'in kwayar cuta mai jure kwayoyin cuta ke ci gaba, za su iya fara yaduwa da haifar da cututtuka masu saurin warkarwa.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa shan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa amfani don kamuwa da kwayar cuta na iya yin lahani fiye da kyau. Doctors sunyi ƙoƙari kawai su rubuta maganin rigakafi idan kuna da kwayar cutar kwayan cuta wanda ke buƙatar magani tare da waɗannan magunguna.

Shin maganin rigakafi yana da amfani yayin da kake mura?

Ofaya daga cikin mawuyacin rikitarwa daga mura shine haɓaka kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta biyu, gami da:

• ciwon kunne
• sinus kamuwa da cuta
• ciwon huhu na huhu

Yayinda kunnen kwayan cuta ko ƙwayar cuta ta sinus na iya zama matsala mai sauƙi, ciwon huhu ya fi tsanani kuma yana iya buƙatar asibiti.

Idan kun sami kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta biyu a matsayin matsala daga mura, likitanku zai ba da umarnin maganin rigakafi don magance shi.

Antivirals don magance mura

Kodayake maganin rigakafi ba ya da tasiri a kan mura, akwai magungunan rigakafin cutar wanda likitanka zai iya tsarawa a cikin wani lokaci.

Idan aka fara wadannan kwayoyi a cikin kwana biyu na bullowar cututtukan mura, zasu iya taimakawa wajen sanya alamun ka su zama marasa tsanani ko rage tsawon cutar ka.

Magungunan rigakafin rigakafin kwayoyi waɗanda ke akwai don magance mura sun haɗa da:

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• zanamivir (Relenza)
• feramivir (Rapivab)

Hakanan akwai sabon magani wanda ake kira baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza). Wannan kamfanin maganin cutar ya samo asali ne daga wani kamfanin harhada magunguna na kasar Japan, wanda ya samu karbuwa a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2018, kuma yanzu haka yana nan yana iya kula da mutane masu shekaru 12 ko sama da haihuwa wadanda suka kamu da cutar ta mura fiye da awanni 48.

Wasu magungunan kwayar cutar, ciki har da oseltamivir, zanamivir, da peramivir, suna aiki ne ta hana kwayar cutar ta sakko daga kwayar cutar. Wannan hanawa yana hana sabbin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ci gaba tare da hanyar numfashi don cutar da ƙwayoyin lafiya.

Sabon magani da aka yarda dashi a sama, Xofluza, yana aiki ta rage karfin kwayar cutar ta kwafa. Amma galibi ba lallai ba ne su shawo kan mura, kuma ba sa kashe ƙwayar mura.

Ba maganin rigakafi bane kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama, amma ana samun allurar rigakafin lokacin kowace shekara kuma shine hanya mafi kyau don hana kamuwa da mura.

Sauran maganin mura

Baya ga shan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, hanya mafi kyau ta warkewa daga mura ita ce barin kamuwa da cutar yadda yakamata. Abubuwa masu zuwa zasu iya taimakawa cikin murmurewar ku:

Huta

Tabbatar samun wadataccen bacci. Wannan zai taimaka jikinka don yaƙar cutar.

Sha ruwa

Sha ruwa mai yawa, kamar ruwa, romon dumi, da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Wannan yana taimaka wajan hana yin bushewa.

Auki maɓallin ciwo mai kan-kan-counter

Magunguna, kamar su ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) ko acetaminophen (Tylenol), na iya taimakawa tare da zazzaɓi, ciwon jiki, da raɗaɗin da ke faruwa sau da yawa lokacin da kake mura.

Awauki

Kowace hunturu, kamuwa da cutar mura ya haifar da miliyoyin cutar mura. Saboda mura cuta ce ta kwayar cuta, kwayoyin cuta ba ingantattun hanyoyin magance ta bane.

Lokacin da aka fara a cikin farkon kwanakin farko na rashin lafiya, magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama masu tasiri. Suna iya rage bayyanar cututtuka da rage lokacin rashin lafiya. Alurar riga-kafi ta lokaci-lokaci ita ma hanya ce mai inganci don hana yin rashin lafiya tare da mura a farko.

Idan kun sami kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta biyu a matsayin matsalar mura, likitanku na iya ba da umarnin maganin rigakafi da ya dace don magance shi.