Menene DNA na Autosomal kuma Me Iya Naku Zai Fada Maka?

Wadatacce

• Autosomal rinjaye vs. autosomal recessive
• Autosomal rinjaye
• Gado
• Autosomal koma baya
• Gado
• Misalan yanayin gama gari
• Autosomal rinjaye
• Autosomal koma baya
• Gwajin DNA na Autosomal
• Kudin gwaji
• Takeaway

Kusan kowa - tare da keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu - an haife shi tare da ƙwayoyin chromosomes guda 23 waɗanda aka samo daga iyaye ta haɗuwa da kromosomes ɗin su 46.

X da Y, shahararrun chromosomes guda biyu, suna daga cikin nau'ikan chromosomes na 23rd. An kuma kira su chromosomes na jima'i saboda suna ƙayyade abin da aka haife ku da shi. (Koyaya, wannan binary bashi da sauki kamar yadda yake.)

Sauran nau'i-nau'i 22 ana kiran su autosomes. Haka kuma an san su da chromosomes na autosomal. Autosomes da chromosomes na jima'i sun ƙunshi jimillar kusan kwayoyin 20,000.

Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna da kusan kashi 99.9 a cikin kowane mutum. Amma kananan bambance-bambance a cikin wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna tantance sauran kayan halittar ku da kuma kun gaji wasu halaye da halaye.

Autosomal rinjaye vs. autosomal recessive

A cikin wadannan motocin guda 22 nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta ne wadanda suka shafi halaye da halaye daban-daban daga iyayenka. Waɗannan rukunan ana kiransu autosomal rinjaye da autosomal recessive. Ga saurin saurin bambanci.

Autosomal rinjaye

Tare da wannan rukunin, kawai kuna buƙatar ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar don a sadar da ku daga kowane mahaifa don karɓar wannan halin. Wannan gaskiyane koda kuwa wata kwayar halitta a cikin irin yanayin rayuwar ta halaye daban-daban ko maye gurbi.

Gado

A ce mahaifinka yana da kwafin kwaya ɗaya kawai na maye gurbi don yanayin autosomal. Mahaifiyar ku ba. Akwai damar biyu don gado a cikin wannan yanayin, kowannensu yana da damar faruwar kashi 50 cikin ɗari:

• Kuna gaji gadon da abin ya shafa ne daga mahaifinku da kuma daya daga cikin kwayar halittar mahaifiyarku da ba ta da tasiri. Kuna da yanayin.
• Kuna gaji kwayar halittar da ba ta shafi mahaifinku ba da kuma daya daga cikin kwayar halittar mahaifiyarku da ba ta shafa ba. Ba ku da yanayin, kuma ba ku ɗauka.

A takaice dai, kuna buƙatar ɗayan iyayen ku ne kawai don su ba ku babban yanayin autosomal. A cikin yanayin da ke sama, kuna da damar 50 na gado na yanayin. Amma idan wannan mahaifa yana da ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu da abin ya shafa, akwai yiwuwar kashi 100 cikin 100 za a haife ku da shi.

Koyaya, zaku iya samun babban yanayin autosomal ba tare da kowane mahaifa yana da kwayar halittar da abin ya shafa ba. Wannan na faruwa idan sabon maye gurbi ya faru.

Autosomal koma baya

Don kwayoyin halittu masu saurin komowa, kuna buƙatar kwafin kwaya daya daga kowane mahaifa don halaye ko yanayin da za'a bayyana a cikin kwayoyin halittar ku.

Idan mahaifi daya ne ya wuce kan kwayar halitta domin dabi’ar sake samun koma baya, kamar su jan gashi, ko yanayi, kamar su cystic fibrosis, ana dauke ka a matsayin mai kawowa.

Wannan yana nufin cewa ba ku da halaye ko yanayi, amma kuna iya samun kwayar halitta don wata halayyar kuma za ku iya ba da ita ga yaranku.

Gado

Dangane da yanayin komowar komoshin jiki, kuna buƙatar gado gadon da abin ya shafa daga kowane mahaifa domin samun yanayin. Babu tabbacin hakan da zai faru.

A ce iyayenku biyu suna da kwaya guda ta kwayar halitta wacce ke haifar da cutar cystic fibrosis. Akwai damar guda huɗu don gado, kowannensu yana da damar kashi 25 cikin ɗari na abin da ya faru:

• Kuna gaji kwayar cutar da ta shafa daga mahaifinku da kuma kwayar da ba ta shafa ba daga mahaifiyar ku. Kai mai ɗauka ne, amma ba ka da yanayin.
• Kuna gaji kwayar halitta da ta shafa daga mahaifiyar ku da kuma kwayar cutar da ba ta shafi mahaifinku ba. Kai mai ɗauka ne amma ba ka da yanayin.
• Kuna gaji kwayar halittar da ba ta shafi iyayen ba. Ba ku da yanayin, kuma ba ku ɗauka.
• Kuna gaji gadon da abin ya shafa daga iyayen biyu. Kuna da yanayin.

A wannan yanayin inda kowane mahaifa yana da kwayar halitta guda daya, ɗansu yana da damar kashi 50 cikin ɗari na zama mai ɗauka, kaso 25 cikin 100 na rashin halin ko zama mai ɗauke da shi, da kuma damar kashi 25 cikin 100 na samun yanayin.

Misalan yanayin gama gari

Ga wasu misalan yanayin gama gari a kowane rukuni.

Autosomal rinjaye

• Cutar Huntington
• Ciwon Marfan
• makantar launin shuɗi-shuɗi
• cututtukan koda na polycystic

Autosomal koma baya

• cystic fibrosis
• cutar sikila
• Cutar Tay-Sachs (kusan 1 a cikin 30 mutanen Yahudawa na Ashkenazi suna ɗauke da kwayar halitta)
• homocystinuria
• Ciwon Gaucher

Gwajin DNA na Autosomal

Gwajin DNA na Autosomal ana yin shi ta hanyar samar da samfurin DNA ɗin ku - daga kumatun kunci, tofa, ko jini - zuwa wurin gwajin DNA. Ginin yana nazarin jerin DNA ɗinka kuma yayi daidai da DNA ɗinka ga wasu waɗanda suka ƙaddamar da DNA ɗinka don gwaji.

Mafi girman mahimman bayanan bayanan kayan gwajin na DNA, mafi daidaiton sakamakon. Wannan saboda wurin yana da babban ɗakunan DNA don kwatancen.

Gwajin DNA na Autosomal na DNA zai iya gaya muku abubuwa da yawa game da asalin ku da kuma damar ku na samun wasu yanayi tare da kyakkyawan matakin daidaito. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar gano takamaiman bambance-bambance a cikin kwayoyin halittar ku da sanya su cikin rukuni tare da wasu samfuran DNA waɗanda ke da irin wannan bambancin.

Waɗanda suka yi tarayya da magabatan ɗaya za su sami daidaito iri-iri na autosomal. Wannan yana nufin cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen DNA na iya taimakawa gano DNA ɗin ku da DNA ɗin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ku nesa zuwa inda waɗancan ƙwayoyin halittar suka fara, wani lokacin sukan dawo daga ƙarni da yawa.

Wannan shine yadda waɗannan gwajin DNA zasu iya ba da shawarar ku da waɗanne yankuna na duniya da DNA ɗin ku ta zo. Wannan ɗayan shahararrun amfani ne na kayan DNA na autosomal daga kamfanoni kamar 23andMe, AncestryDNA, da MyHeritage DNA.

Wadannan gwaje-gwajen na iya gaya muku da kusan kusan kashi 100 daidai ko kai mai ɗauke da yanayin gado ko kuma kana da yanayin da kanka.

Ta hanyar duban halaye a cikin kwayar halittar kowane chromosomes din ku, gwajin zai iya gano maye gurbi, mai rinjaye ko mai koma baya, wanda yake da alaƙa da waɗannan yanayin.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sakamakon gwajin DNA na autosomal a cikin binciken bincike. Tare da manyan rumbunan adana bayanai na DNA, masu bincike za su iya fahimtar hanyoyin da ke tattare da maye gurbin kwayoyin halittar mutum da kuma bayanin yanayinsu.

Wannan na iya inganta jiyya don cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta har ma ya kai masu bincike kusa da gano warkarwa.

Kudin gwaji

Gwajin gwajin Autosomal DNA ya bambanta sosai:

• 23daNa. Gwajin gwajin kakanni na yau da kullun $ 99.
• DanaDNA. Gwajin irin wannan daga kamfanin a bayan gidan yanar gizon Ancestry.com yana da kusan $ 99. Amma wannan gwajin ya hada da bayanan abinci mai gina jiki wanda zai iya gaya muku abincin da yafi dacewa da jerin DNA ɗinka da kuma abin da zaku iya zama rashin lafiyan ko abin da zai iya haifar da martani mai kumburi a jikinku.
• Tarihina. Wannan gwajin makamancin zuwa 23andMe yana cin $ 79.

Takeaway

Autosomes suna ɗauke da yawancin bayanan ku kuma zasu iya gaya muku abubuwa da yawa game da asalin ku, lafiyar ku, da kuma wanda kuka kasance a mafi ƙarancin ilimin halittu.

Yayinda yawancin mutane suke yin gwajin DNA na yau da kullun kuma fasahar gwajin ta zama daidai, sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana zama mafi daidaito. Suna kuma bayar da muhimmiyar haske game da ainihin asalin halittar mutane.

Kuna iya tunanin cewa danginku suna da wasu al'adun gargajiya, amma sakamakon DNA ɗinku na asali zai iya ba ku ƙarin ganewar kwayar halitta. Wannan na iya inganta labaran iyalanka ko ma ya ƙalubalanci imanin ku game da asalin dangin ku.

Lokacin da aka ɗauke shi zuwa mahimmancin ma'anarsa, babbar matattarar bayanai na DNA na mutum zai iya gano asalin asalin mutane da kuma bayansu.

Gwajin DNA na Autosomal na iya kuma ba da DNA ɗin da ya wajaba don bincika yadda yawancin yanayin kwayar halitta, da yawa daga cikinsu ke rikitar da rayuwar mutane, a ƙarshe za a iya warkar da su.