Visishral leishmaniasis (kala azar): menene menene, alamu da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa
• Ganewar asali na Calazar
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Kala azar, wanda ake kira visishral leishmaniasis ko na wurare masu zafi splenomegaly, cuta ce da akasari ke haifar da ita Leishmania chagasi kuma Leishmania donovani, kuma yana faruwa lokacin da karamin kwaro na jinsin Lutzomyia kansasun, wanda aka fi sani da sauro ko birigui, wanda ɗayan kwayar cutar ta kamu da shi, yana cizon mutumin kuma yana sake wannan ƙwayar a cikin jinin mutum, wanda ke haifar da cuta.

Wannan nau'in leishmaniasis yafi shafar yara sama da shekaru 10 da kuma manya waɗanda ke da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, kamar su baƙin ƙarfe, bitamin da sunadarai, kuma suna zama a wuraren da ba su da tsabta da kuma yanayin tsabta. Yankin Brazil da yafi shafa shine arewa maso gabas kuma anyi imanin cewa yara sunfi cutuwa saboda suna da rashi ƙarancin abinci, tsarin rigakafi bai riga ya zama cikakke ba kuma sunfi fuskantar dabbobi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Bayan cizon da ke yada cutar, kwayar cutar ta yadu ta hanyoyin jini da kuma ta gabobin da ke da alhakin samuwar kwayoyin jini da rigakafin jiki, kamar su hanta, hanta, naman alade da kumburin nama, wanda ke haifar da wadannan alamun:

• Jin sanyi da zazzabi mai zafi, wanda ke zuwa da zuwa, na dogon lokaci;
• Inara cikin ciki, saboda faɗaɗa saifa da hanta;
• Rauni da yawan gajiya;
• Rage nauyi;
• Paleness, saboda karancin jini da cutar ta haifar;
• Zubar da jini cikin sauki, ga danko, hanci ko najasa, misali;
• M cututtuka, ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda raguwar rigakafi;
• Gudawa.

Visishral leishmaniasis yana da lokacin gabatarwa na kwanaki 10 zuwa shekaru biyu, kuma da yake ba cuta ce ta gama gari ba kuma alamominta suna bayyana a hankali, ana iya rikitar dasu da wasu cututtuka kamar malaria, typhoid, dengue ko Zika, misali. Sabili da haka, a gaban waɗannan alamun, yana da mahimmanci a nemi likita don a iya ganewar asali kuma a fara maganin da ya dace.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa raunin fata da miki suna haifar da wani nau'in leishmaniasis, wanda ake kira cutaneous ko cutaneous. San abin da ke haifar da yadda ake gano cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.

Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa

Babban tafkin protozoa da ke da alhakin kala azar shine karnuka kuma, don haka, suma ana ɗaukarsu tushen asalin kamuwa da ƙwarin. Wato, lokacin da kwaron ya ciji karen da ya kamu, sai ya sami protozoan, wanda ke bunkasa a cikin kwayar halittarsa ​​kuma ana iya yada shi ga mutum ta hanyar cizon. Ba duk karnuka bane ke daukar nauyin Leishmania chagasi ko Leishmania donovani, wanda ya fi yawa a cikin karnukan da ba a ruɗe su a kai a kai ko kuma ba sa samun kyakkyawar kulawa.

Lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kasance a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, zai iya haɓaka cikin sauƙi sannan kuma ya tafi zuwa gland na gishiri. Lokacin da kwaron da ke dauke da cutar ya sari mutum, sai ya wuce kwayar cutar da ke cikin gland din sa zuwa cikin jinin mutum, kasancewar gabobin suna yada shi cikin sauki.

Ganewar asali na Calazar

Ganewar leishmaniasis na visceral ana yin ta ne ta hanyar binciken parasitological, wanda a ciki ake yin al'adun bargo, saifa ko hanta domin kiyaye ɗayan sifofin juyin halitta na protozoan. Bugu da kari, ana iya yin gwajin cutar ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen rigakafi, irin su ELISA, ko immunochromatographs, wadanda aka fi sani da saurin gwaji.

Rashin dacewar gwajin rigakafi shine koda bayan magani, yana yiwuwa har yanzu akwai isasshen adadin kwayoyi, wanda ke nuna kamuwa da cuta. Duk da haka, a cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗa, yana da mahimmanci likita ya kimanta kasancewar alamun, domin idan babu alamun, ba a nuna magani.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin kala azar ya kamata a fara da wuri-wuri kuma ana iya yin shi tare da amfani da takamaiman magunguna, kamar su Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds, Amphotericin B da Pentamidine, wanda ya kamata likita ya nuna kuma a yi amfani da shi bisa umarnin sa.

Lokacin fara magani yana da mahimmanci a dauki wasu matakan kariya, kamar tantancewa da daidaita yanayin asibiti, kamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki da zubar jini, baya ga maganin wasu cututtukan da ke tare da shi. Yana iya zama dole a ci gaba da zama a asibiti don amfani da magunguna a jijiya, amma a yanayin da kamuwa da cutar ya daidaita kuma akwai sauƙin isa asibiti, likita na iya ba da shawarar magani a gida kuma a je asibiti don ci gaba.

Dole ne a warkar da wannan cuta da sauri, domin tana yin muni a cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan saboda haka mutumin da ya kamu da cutar zai iya fuskantar matsaloli na barazanar rayuwa kamar su cutar huhu, rashin aikin numfashi, zubar jini a narkewar abinci, rashin aikin jijiyoyin jini ko kuma saboda cututtukan dama, na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Nemi karin bayani game da magani na visishral leishmaniasis.