Menene cutar sankarar hanji, manyan alamomi da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban alamun cututtukan daji na hanji
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Babban Sanadin
• Yaya maganin yake
• Abinci don ciwan hanji

Cutar sankara (Esophageal cancer) wani nau'in nau'ikan cutar kansa ne da ke faruwa sakamakon canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittar esophagus, wadanda suka zama marasa kyau, wanda hakan ke haifar da bayyanar wasu alamu da alamomin kamar wahalar hadiya, bayyanar wani dunkule a saman bangaren ciki da kujerun duhu, duk da haka alamun cutar kansar a cikin hanta kawai suna bayyana ne lokacin da cutar ta riga ta kasance cikin matakan ci gaba kuma tare da metastases, da ƙarancin damar warkarwa.

Dangane da wurin da ƙwayoyin suka shafa, ana iya rarraba kansar hanji zuwa manyan nau'ikan biyu:

• Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda shine mafi yawan nau'in cutar kansa a cikin hanji kuma yana shafar ɓangaren sama na esophagus kuma, sabili da haka, ya fi faruwa ga masu shan sigari da / ko masu shaye shaye;
• Adenocarcinoma, wanda galibi yakan bayyana a cikin ɓangaren da ke haɗuwa da hanji zuwa ciki kuma ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan ciki na ciki, ƙwayar Barrett da kuma lokacin da mutum ya yi kiba.

Irin wannan ciwon daji ya fi faruwa ga mutanen da suka haura shekaru 50 kuma suna da haɗarin abubuwa kamar kiba, reflux, gastritis ko kuma masu shan sigari. Sabili da haka, idan mutum yana da wata alama ko alama da ke da alaƙa da cutar kansa a cikin makogwaro kuma yana da ɗayan abubuwan haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar, ana ba da shawarar cewa ka tuntuɓi likitan ciki don yin binciken cutar kuma za a iya kafa maganin, kasancewa a cikin Mafi yawanci ana ba da shawarar yin tiyata don cire wani ɓangare na esophagus, kazalika da chemo da radiation don kawar da ƙwayoyin kansar waɗanda ba za a kawar da su ba yayin aikin tiyata.

Babban alamun cututtukan daji na hanji

Wasu alamomi da alamomin da zasu iya nuna ci gaban cutar kansa a cikin hanwa sune:

• Wahala da ciwo haɗiye, da farko abinci mai ƙarfi sannan kuma ruwaye;
• Rawan ido da tari mai yawa;
• Rashin ci da nauyi;
• Gajiya yayin aiwatar da motsa jiki masu sauƙi, kamar yin gado ko hawa matakala;
• Jin cikakken ciki;
• Amai da jini da tashin zuciya;
• Duhu, pasty, ƙamshi mai ƙarfi ko kujerun jini;
• Rashin jin daɗin ciki wanda baya wucewa;
• Ciki a cikin ciki, wanda yake iya bugawa;
• Harsuna da suka kumbura a gefen hagu na wuya;
• Nodules a kusa da cibiya.

Yawancin lokaci, ciwon daji na hanji ba ya haifar da alamu ko alamomi, duk da haka yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, ana iya fara lura da alamun alamun. Don haka, fara bayyanar cututtuka na nuna cewa cutar ta riga ta kasance a wani mataki na gaba, kuma saurin ganewar asali da magani yana da mahimmanci.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Ganewar kansar hanji ana yin ta ne ta hanyar endoscopy, wanda bincike ne da ake gudanarwa da nufin ganin cikin kayan ciki da ciki da kuma duba duk wata alama ta canji. Idan aka samu wani dunkule ko wani canji yayin binciken, ana ba da shawarar yin nazarin kwayoyin halitta na kayan hanji don duba halaye na kwayoyin halitta, ban da wani numfashin X-ray, musamman idan mutum na da matsala haɗiyewa.

Bugu da kari, likita na iya nuna gwajin jini wanda ya hada da kidayar jini don duba karancin jini da kuma gwajin bayan gida don duba jini a cikin kujerun.

Yayin binciken endoscopic, yana yiwuwa kuma likita ya duba matakin cutar gwargwadon halaye da aka lura:

• Mataki Na - Tumor a cikin bangon esophagus tare da kimanin 3 zuwa 5 mm kuma ba tare da metastases ba, tare da mafi girman damar warkarwa;
• Mataki na II - Enara girman bango na esophageal tare da fiye da 5 mm kuma ba tare da metastases tare da wasu damar warkarwa ba;
• Mataki na III - Yin kauri daga bangon jijiyar da ke shafar nama a kusa da esophagus ba tare da damar warkarwa ba;
• Filin wasa na IV - Kasancewar gaban metastases a jiki, tare da karancin damar warkarwa.

Koyaya, waɗannan matakan ana iya bayyana su dalla-dalla dangane da nau'in cutar sankarar hanji wanda likita ya gano.

Babban Sanadin

Bayyanar cutar sankarar hanji tana da alaƙa da wasu abubuwan haɗari, kamar:

• Yawan shan giya da sigari;
• Shayar da abubuwan sha mai zafi sama da 65º C, kamar kofi, shayi ko chimarrão, misali;
• Amfani da sinadarin alkaline, kamar su sinadarin chlorine da ake amfani da shi wajen tsaftacewa wanda ke haifar da takaita esophagus;
• Tarihin ciwon kansa ko na wuya.

Bugu da kari, wannan nau'in cutar sankara ya fi zama ruwan dare ga marasa lafiya masu fama da cututtuka irin su gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux ko ciwo na Plummer-Vinson, achalasia ko hancin Barrett alal misali, tare da haushin hanta yawanci saboda reflux daga ciki na bile.

Yaya maganin yake

Maganin kansar hanji na la’akari da wurin da kumburin yake da kuma matakin cutar, ban da tarihin asibiti na mutum, shekarunsa da alamomin sa. Sabili da haka, maganin wannan nau'in ciwon daji wanda likitan ilimin sanko da cututtukan ciki suka nuna na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙoshin ƙashi: an cire raunin da yake da ƙari kuma sauran an haɗa shi da ciki. Koyaya, idan za a cire jijiyar gaba daya, ya zama dole a sanya roba ta roba ta roba ko cire wani bangare na hanji don maye gurbin hancin, misali;
• Radiotherapy: anyi shi ne don hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin tumo a cikin esophagus;
• Chemotherapy: ta hanyar yin allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka kuma a wasu lokuta ta hanyar kwayoyi don inganta kwayar halittar kansar wanda har yanzu yana nan.

A mafi yawan lokuta wadannan maganin basa warkar da cutar kansa gaba daya, kawai suna taimakawa ne wajen rage alamun cutar kansa da tsawaita rayuwar mai haƙuri. Hannun rai na wannan nau'in ciwon daji ya bambanta da nau'in cutar kansa, shiryawa, jiyya da aka yi da kuma amsawar mai haƙuri game da magani, amma da yake wannan cuta a mafi yawan lokuta ana gano ta a wani mataki na ci gaba kuma, sabili da haka, ran mai haƙuri game da 5 shekara.

Bugu da kari, hangen nesa na rayuwar mara lafiya tare da cutar kansa a cikin hanta ya fi girma lokacin da ciwan ya ke kawai a cikin esophagus kuma babu metastases.

Abinci don ciwan hanji

Dangane da cutar sankarar hanji, yana iya zama dole a yi wasu canje-canje ga tsarin abinci, saboda wahalar haɗiye da kuma illolin jiyya, musamman magungunan ƙwayar cuta wanda ke haifar da jiri da rashin jin daɗin ciki.

Don haka, yana iya zama dole a shirya abinci mai daɗewa, kamar su alawa da miya a cikin abin haɗawa, ko don ƙara kauri a cikin abinci mai ruwa. Bugu da kari, yana iya zama dole don karbar abubuwan gina jiki kai tsaye ta jijiya ko amfani da bututun nasogastric, wanda shi ne bututu da ke fita daga hanci zuwa ciki, don taimakawa wajen karbar abincin da ya dace. Duba wasu zaɓukan abinci don lokacin da baza ku iya tauna ba.