Menene carbohydrates, manyan nau'ikan da abin da suke don

Wadatacce

• Menene daraja
• Shin akwai wata hanyar samun kuzari banda glucose?
• Nau'in carbohydrates
• 1. Mai sauki
• 2. Hadaddun
• Menene abincin carbohydrate
• Ta yaya metabolism ke faruwa

Carbohydrates, wanda aka fi sani da carbohydrates ko saccharides, kwayoyin ne tare da tsari wanda ya haɗa da carbon, oxygen da hydrogen, waɗanda babban aikinsu shine samar da kuzari ga jiki, tunda gram 1 na carbohydrate ya yi daidai da 4 Kcal, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 50 zuwa 60% na abincin.

Wasu misalan abincin da ke dauke da sinadarin carbohydrates sune shinkafa, hatsi, zuma, sukari, dankali, da sauransu, wadanda za'a iya sanya su cikin sauki da rikitarwa na carbohydrates, gwargwadon tsarin kwayoyin su.

Menene daraja

Carbohydrates shine babban tushen samar da kuzari ga jiki saboda, yayin narkewa, ana samar da gulukos, wanda shine abubuwan da aka fi so da kwayoyi don samar da kuzari, wanda ke raba wannan kwayar zuwa ATP, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin matakai daban-daban na rayuwa, don ingantaccen aiki na jiki. Glucose galibi kwakwalwa ke amfani da shi, wanda ke amfani da kimanin g 120, daga jimillar 160 g da ake amfani da shi yau da kullun.

Bugu da kari, wani bangare na sinadarin glucose da aka samar ana adana shi a cikin hanyar glycogen a cikin hanta, kuma ana adana wani karamin sashi a cikin jijiyoyin, don yanayin da jiki ke bukatar ajiyar jiki, kamar a yanayi na doguwar azumi, faɗakarwa ko na rayuwa damuwa, misali.

Amfani da carbohydrates shima yana da mahimmanci don adana tsokoki, tunda rashin glucose yana fifita asarar tsoka. Fiber shima nau'ikan carbohydrate ne, wanda, duk da cewa ba shi narkewa a cikin glucose, yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin narkewar abinci, tunda yana rage yawan shan cholesterol, yana taimakawa kiyaye suga, yana ƙaruwa da hanji kuma yana jin daɗin ƙaruwar ƙwarya, yana gujewa maƙarƙashiya.

Shin akwai wata hanyar samun kuzari banda glucose?

Haka ne.Yayinda jiki yayi amfani da gulukos din kuma babu wani amfani da sinadarin carbohydrate ko kuma lokacin da abincin ya kasa, jiki yakan fara amfani da kitse na jiki domin samarda kuzari (ATP), yana maye gurbin glucose da jikin ketone.

Nau'in carbohydrates

Carbohydrates za a iya rarraba su bisa ga rikitarwa, cikin:

1. Mai sauki

Carbohydananan carbohydrates ƙananan abubuwa ne waɗanda, idan aka haɗu da su, samar da ƙwayoyin carbohydrates masu haɗari. Misalan carbohydrates masu sauki sune glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose da fructose. Lokacin cinye wani sashi na sinadarin carbohydrate, wannan kwayar rikitacciyar rikitarwa tana narkewa a matakin sashin hanji, har sai ta isa hanji a cikin hanyar monosaccharides, don daga baya ta shanye.

Ofungiyar raka'a biyu na monosaccharides ne ke samar da disaccharides, kamar su sucrose (glucose + fructose), wanda shine sukari na tebur, lactose (glucose + galactose) da maltose (glucose + glucose), misali. Bugu da kari, hadewar raka'a 3 zuwa 10 na monosaccharides yana haifar da oligosaccharides.

2. Hadaddun

Cikakken carbohydrates ko polysaccharides, sune waɗanda suka ƙunshi fiye da raka'a 10 na monosaccharides, ƙirƙirar hadaddun tsarin kwayoyin, waɗanda zasu iya zama masu layi ko masu jujjuya. Wasu misalai sune sitaci ko glycogen.

Menene abincin carbohydrate

Wasu abinci masu wadataccen carbohydrates sune gurasa, garin alkama, kayan alawar faransa, wake, wake, wake, wake, sha'ir, hatsi, masarar masara, dankali da dankalin hausa, misali.

Isarin carbohydrates ana ajiye shi a cikin jiki a matsayin mai, saboda haka, kodayake suna da matukar mahimmanci, ya kamata mutum ya guji yawan cin abinci, ana ba da shawarar a ci kimanin gram 200 zuwa 300 a kowace rana, wanda shine adadin da ya bambanta bisa ga zuwa nauyi, shekaru, jima'i da motsa jiki.

Dubi ƙarin abinci mai wadataccen carbohydrate.

Ta yaya metabolism ke faruwa

Carbohydrates suna shiga tsakani a hanyoyi da yawa na rayuwa, kamar su:

• Cutar Glycolysis: hanya ce ta kumburi wanda aka saka sinadarin glucose a ciki don samun kuzari ga ƙwayoyin jiki. A yayin wannan aikin, an samar da ATP da 2 pyruvate molecule, waɗanda ake amfani da su a wasu hanyoyin na rayuwa, don samun ƙarin kuzari;
• Gluconeogenesis: ta wannan hanyar rayuwa, ana iya samar da glucose daga wasu hanyoyin banda carbohydrates. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar yayin da jiki ya wuce lokacin azumi mai tsawo, wanda za'a iya samar da glucose ta hanyar glycerol, daga fatty acid, amino acid ko lactate;
• Ciwon ciki: aiki ne mai saurin lalacewa, wanda glycogen da aka adana a cikin hanta da / ko tsokoki ya karye ya zama glucose. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar yayin da jiki ke buƙatar ƙaruwa cikin glucose na jini;
• Glucogenesis: tsari ne na rayuwa wanda ake samarda glycogen, wanda ya kunshi kwayoyi masu yawa na gulukos, wanda aka adana shi a cikin hanta kuma, zuwa ƙarami, a cikin tsokoki. Wannan tsari yana faruwa bayan cin abinci tare da carbohydrates.

Wadannan hanyoyi na rayuwa suna aiki dangane da bukatun kwayoyin da yanayin da ya samu kanta.