Menene Coagulogram don kuma yaya ake yinta?

Wadatacce

• Menene don
• Yaya ake yi
• Gwajin coagulogram
• 1. Lokacin zuban jini (TS)
• 2. Lokacin Prothrombin (TP)
• 3. Lokacin Sashin Thromboplastin Na Kunnawa (APTT)
• 4. Lokacin Thrombin (TT)
• 5. Yawan platelet

Kwayar cutar ta dace da rukunin gwaje-gwajen jini da likita ya nema don tantance tsarin daskarewar jini, gano kowane sauye-sauye don haka ke nuna jiyya ga mutum don kauce wa matsaloli.

Ana buƙatar wannan gwajin musamman kafin aikin tiyata don tantance haɗarin zubar da jini a yayin aikin, misali, kuma ya haɗa da lokacin zub da jini, lokacin prothrombin, kunna lokaci na thromboplastin, lokacin thrombin da kimantawar yawan platelets.

Menene don

Ana nuna coagulogram akasari kafin ayi tiyata, amma kuma ana iya neman shi daga likita don bincika musabbabin cututtukan jini da kuma bincika haɗarin thrombosis, musamman ga mata masu amfani da maganin hana haihuwa.

Additionari ga haka, ana nuna coagulogram bayan cizon dabba wanda ke da toxin da zai iya tsoma baki a aikin narkewar jini da kuma sa ido kan mutanen da ke amfani da maganin ƙwanƙwasa, kamar Heparin da Warfarin, misali. San sauran maganin hana yaduwar jini da lokacin da aka nuna su.

Yaya ake yi

Dole ne ayi coagulogram tare da mai azumi na tsawon awanni 2 zuwa 4 kuma ya kunshi tarin samfurin jini da aka aiko don bincike, ban da Lokacin Zuban Jini (TS), wanda ake yi a wurin kuma ya ƙunshi lura lokacin da zubda jini zai tsaya.

Yana da mahimmanci kafin a yi gwajin, a sanar da amfani da magungunan hana yaduwar cutar, tunda zai iya tsoma baki tare da sakamakon ko kuma a yi la'akari da shi yayin nazari, misali. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don samun jagora daga likita game da dakatar da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin aiwatar da coagulogram.

Gwajin coagulogram

Coagulogram ya kunshi wasu gwaje-gwaje wadanda suke kimanta gaban duk abubuwanda suka shafi dunkulewar jini kuma, saboda haka, hemostasis, wanda yayi daidai da hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini wadanda suke nufin kiyaye ruwan jini domin kauce wa samuwar daskarewa ko zub da jini. Fahimci komai game da hemostasis.

Babban jarrabawar da aka gabatar a cikin coagulogram sune:

1. Lokacin zuban jini (TS)

Wannan jarabawar galibi ana nema ne a matsayin wata hanya ta dace da sauran jarabawar kuma tana da amfani don gano duk wani canji a cikin platelets kuma ana yin sa ne ta hanyar yin ƙaramin rami a cikin kunne, wanda ya yi daidai da fasahar Duke, ko kuma ta yanke gaban goshi da ake kira dabarar Ivy, sannan kuma lissafa lokacin da jini zai tsaya.

Don yin fasahar Ivy, ana amfani da matsin lamba a kan hannun mara lafiyar sannan a yi karamin yanka a wurin. Game da fasahar Duke, ana yin ramin a cikin kunne ta amfani da lanc ko abin sawa na yarwa. A lokuta biyun, ana tantance zub da jini kowane sakan 30 ta amfani da takarda mai tacewa, wanda ke ɗaukar jini daga wurin. Gwajin ya ƙare lokacin da takaddar tace ba ta shan jinin.

Ta hanyar sakamakon TS, yana yiwuwa a tantance hemostasis da kuma kasancewar ko babu na von Willebrand factor, wanda shine mahimmin abu wanda yake a cikin platelets wanda yake da mahimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin narkar da jini.Kodayake wannan gwajin yana da amfani wajen gano canje-canje a cikin cututtukan jini, amma yana iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi musamman ga yara, saboda ana iya yin gwajin ta hanyar yin rami a kunne, misali.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon: Bayan an huda ramin, likita ko kuma masanin da ke da alhakin binciken ya ƙidaya lokacin da jini zai taru da kuma saka idanu ta hanyar takarda mai ɗauke jini daga wurin. Lokacin da takardar tace ba ta shan jinin, gwajin ya ƙare. Idan aka yi gwajin ta amfani da Ivy Technique, wanda yake hannu ne, lokacin zubar jini daidai yake tsakanin mintuna 6 zuwa 9. Game da fasahar Duke, wacce ta kunne ce, lokacin jinin al'ada yana tsakanin mintuna 1 zuwa 3.

Lokacin da lokaci ya fi lokacin tunani, ana faɗi a cikin tsawan gwajin na TS, yana nuna cewa aikin daskarewa ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda zai iya nuna alamun cutar von Willebrand, yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ko thrombocytopenia, misali. San manyan dalilan da ke kawo ciwan ciki.

2. Lokacin Prothrombin (TP)

Prothrombin, wanda aka fi sani da Coagulation Factor II, furotin ne wanda aka kunna yayin aikin coagulation kuma aikin sa shine inganta jujjuyawar fibrinogen cikin fibrin, samar da sakandare na biyu ko tabbatacce.

Wannan gwajin yana nufin tabbatar da aikin hanyar toshewa ta cikin jiki, tunda ya kunshi kimanta lokacin da jini yake dauka dan samarda madafun abu na biyu bayan kamuwa da shi zuwa sinadarin calcium thromboplastin, wanda shine reagent da akayi amfani da shi a gwajin.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon: A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, bayan saduwa da jini tare da alli thromboplastin, an cire hanyar ta waje, tare da kunna abubuwan VII da X na coagulation kuma, sakamakon haka, factor II, wanda shine prothrombin, inganta jujjuyawar Fibrinogen zuwa Fibrin, dakatar da zub da jini. Wannan aikin yakan ɗauki tsakanin 10 da 14 daƙiƙa.

Koyaya, a wasu yanayi coagulogram yana gano girman PT, wanda ke nufin cewa kunnawar prothrombin na faruwa a cikin lokaci mai tsawo fiye da yadda aka saba. Valuesara yawan ƙimomin PT yawanci yakan faru ne lokacin da ake amfani da magunguna, rashi bitamin K, rashin isasshen VII da matsalolin hanta, alal misali, tunda ana samar da prothrombin a cikin hanta.

A wasu lokuta ma ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan ba, ana iya rage PT, kamar yadda yake a yayin amfani da sinadarin bitamin K ko magungunan hana daukar ciki tare da estrogen, misali. Arin fahimta game da sakamakon gwajin Prothrombin.

3. Lokacin Sashin Thromboplastin Na Kunnawa (APTT)

Hakanan ana amfani da wannan gwajin don tantance cututtukan hemostasis, duk da haka yana ba da damar kasancewar ko babu abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation da ke cikin babbar hanyar haɗin gwanon don tabbatarwa.

APTT yawanci yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu kan marasa lafiyar da ke amfani da Heparin, wanda yake maganin rigakafi ne, ko kuma waɗanda ke da matsaloli game da daskarewar jini, suna da amfani don gano canje-canje da suka danganci abubuwan ciwan jini.

A wannan gwajin, samfurin jinin da aka tara ana nuna shi ga masu sakewa, sannan sai a kirga lokacin da jinin zai dauka ya daskare.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon: A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, APTT yana da sakan 21 zuwa 32. Koyaya, lokacin da mutum yayi amfani da magungunan kashe jini, kamar su heparin, ko kuma yana da rashi na takamaiman dalilai na hanyar ciki, kamar dalilai na XII, XI ko VIII da IX, waɗanda suke nuni da hemophilia, lokaci yawanci ya fi lokacin lokacin tunani ., Ana nunawa a cikin jarrabawar cewa an ƙara APTT.

4. Lokacin Thrombin (TT)

Lokaci na thrombin yayi daidai da lokacin da ake buƙata don samar da gudan jini bayan ƙarin thrombin, wanda shine mahimmin abun daskarewa don kunna fibrinogen a cikin fibrin, wanda ke bada tabbacin dorewar taurin.

Wannan gwajin yana da matukar mahimmanci kuma ana yin sa ne ta hanyar ƙara thrombin a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi a cikin jini plasma, yawan lokacin da ake yin coagulation yana tasiri ta yawan fibrinogen da ke cikin plasma.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon: A yadda aka saba bayan an ƙara thrombin a cikin jini, toshewar takan zama tsakanin sakan 14 da 21, ana ɗaukar wannan matsayin ƙimar magana, wanda zai iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken da aka yi gwajin.

Ana daukar TT a matsayin mai tsawo lokacin da mutum yayi amfani da maganin hana yaduwar jini, yana gabatar da kayayyakin lalacewar fibrin, yana da factor XIII ko rashi na fibrinogen, misali.

5. Yawan platelet

Platelet wasu gutsure ne na kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke cikin jini wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hemostasis, tunda suna dauke da mahimman abubuwa don aiwatar da daskarewa, kamar misalin factor von Willebrand.

Lokacin da akwai rauni na nama, platelets suna motsawa da sauri zuwa wurin raunin, tare da nufin taimakawa cikin tsarin tsawan jini. Platelet din da aka kunna sun hada kansu da endothelium na jirgin ruwan da ya ji rauni ta hanyar von Willebrand factor sannan kuma suka canza samuwarta da sakin abubuwa a cikin plasma din don daukar karin platelet zuwa wurin da cutar ta samu kuma don haka suka zama filastin platelet na farko.

Sabili da haka, bincika adadin platelet yana da mahimmanci a cikin coagulogram saboda yana bawa likita damar sanin ko akwai canji a cikin aikin cutar hemostasis ta farko, yana ba da shawarar ƙarin takamaiman magani.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon: Adadin yawan jini a jini tsakanin 150000 da 450000 / mm³. An nuna ƙimar da ke ƙasa da ƙimar tunani a cikin gwajin azaman thrombocytopenia, yana nuna cewa akwai ƙananan adadin keɓaɓɓun platelets, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ƙwanƙwasa jini, fifita zub da jini, ban da kasancewa iya nuna ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, canje-canje a ƙashi bargo ko cututtuka, alal misali.

Abubuwan da ke sama da batun ana kiran su thrombocytosis, wanda zai iya haifar da yawan haɗuwa, wanda zai iya faruwa saboda halaye na rayuwa, kamar shan sigari ko shaye-shaye, misali, ko saboda yanayin cuta, kamar ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe, cutar myeloproliferative da cutar sankarar jini , misali. Koyi game da sauran dalilan faɗaɗa platelet.