Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani Game da Tasirin Alurar rigakafin COVID-19

Wadatacce

• Na farko, sake maimaita yadda allurar COVID-19 ke aiki.
• Wane irin illar rigakafin COVID-19 zan yi tsammani?
• Yaya yawan illolin rigakafin COVID-19?
• Me yasa yakamata ku sami allurar COVID-19, ba tare da la’akari da tasirin sakamako ba
• Bita don

Bayan 'yan kwanaki kaɗan bayan Pfizer's COVID-19 rigakafin ya sami izinin amfani da gaggawa daga Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna, wasu mutane sun riga sun sami rigakafin. A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2020, an ba da allurai na farko na rigakafin Pfizer ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ma'aikatan gidan jinya. A cikin makonni da watanni masu zuwa, za a ci gaba da fitar da allurar ga yawan jama'a, tare da muhimman ma'aikata da tsofaffi na cikin waɗanda suka fara karɓar allurai bayan ƙwararrun masu kula da lafiya. (Dubi: Yaushe Za a Samu Tallafin COVID-19-kuma Wanene Zai Fara Farko?)

Lokaci ne mai kayatarwa, amma idan kun kasance kuna ganin rahotanni game da illar "zafin" allurar rigakafin COVID-19, wataƙila kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da abin da za ku yi tsammani lokacin da za ku sami harbi. Ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da illar rigakafin COVID-19.

Na farko, sake maimaita yadda allurar COVID-19 ke aiki.

Alluran COVID-19 daga Pfizer da Moderna-wanda ake tsammanin ƙarshen zai sami izini na gaggawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki-yi amfani da sabon nau'in allurar da ake kira manzo RNA (mRNA). Maimakon sanya kwayar cutar da ba ta aiki a cikin jikin ku (kamar yadda aka yi da harbin mura), allurar mRNA suna aiki ta hanyar ɓoye wani yanki na furotin mai karu wanda aka samo a saman SARS-CoV-2 (kwayar da ke haifar da COVID-19). Wadancan guda na furotin da aka sanyawa sannan suna haifar da amsawar rigakafi a cikin jikin ku, suna jagorantar ku don samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafin da za su iya kare ku daga cutar idan kun kamu da cutar, Amesh A. Adalja, MD, babban malami a Cibiyar Tsaro ta Johns Hopkins. a baya aka fada Siffa. (Ƙari anan: Yaya Tasirin Alurar COVID-19?)

Ka yi la'akari da guntun furotin da aka sanya a matsayin "hantsin yatsa" na kwayar halitta don ƙwayar cuta ta SARS-CoV-2, in ji Thad Mick, Pharm.D., mataimakin shugaban shirye-shiryen harhada magunguna da sabis na bincike a ZOOM+Care. "Manufar allurar COVID-19 ita ce gabatar da wannan hoton yatsa mai yatsa wanda ke gargadi jikin ku da wuri don tsarin rigakafi ya gane cewa ba ya nan kuma ya samar da maganin rigakafi kafin kwayar cutar ta sami damar wuce ku. kariya ta dabi'a," in ji shi.

A cikin aiwatar da haɓaka wannan amsawar rigakafi, yana da al'ada don fuskantar wasu sakamako masu illa a hanya, in ji Mick.

Wane irin illar rigakafin COVID-19 zan yi tsammani?

Ya zuwa yanzu, kawai muna da bincike na farko kan illar bayanan aminci na Pfizer's da Moderna's COVID-19. Gabaɗaya, kodayake, an ce maganin na Pfizer yana da "kyakkyawan bayanin martabar aminci," yayin da Moderna's shima ya nuna "babu wata damuwa ta aminci." Duk kamfanonin biyu sun ce suna ci gaba da tattara bayanan aminci (da inganci) don tabbatar da waɗannan binciken.

Wancan ya ce, kamar kowane allurar rigakafi, zaku iya samun wasu illoli daga allurar COVID-19. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka sun lissafa waɗannan yuwuwar illolin COVID-19 na illa a kan gidan yanar gizon ta:

• Ciwo da kumburi a wurin allurar
• Zazzaɓi
• Sanyi
• Gajiya
• Ciwon kai

Sauran illolin maganin COVID-19 na iya haɗawa da ciwon tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa, in ji Mick. "Daga abin da muka sani, yawancin illolin za su iya bayyana a cikin rana ta farko ko biyu bayan karbar maganin, amma yana iya yiwuwa daga baya," in ji shi. (Yana da kyau a lura cewa illa masu illa na mura sun yi kama.)

Idan waɗannan illolin sun yi kama da alamun COVID-19, wannan saboda ainihin su ne. "Allurar tana ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki don yaƙar ƙwayar cutar," in ji Richard Pan, MD, likitan yara da sanatan jihar California. "Yawancin illolin da ke tattare da alamun alamun wannan martani kamar zazzabi, gajiya, ciwon kai, da ciwon tsoka."

Koyaya, wannan ba yana nufin maganin COVID-19 zai iya ba ku COVID-19 ba, in ji Dr. Pan. "Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa mRNA [daga allurar rigakafin] ba ta shafar kowane sel naku har abada," in ji shi. Madadin haka, wannan mRNA wani tsari ne na ɗan lokaci na furotin mai karu da ke saman kwayar cutar. "Wannan tsarin yana da rauni sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatar yin sanyi sosai kafin a yi amfani da shi," in ji Dr. Pan. Jikin ku a ƙarshe ya kawar da wannan tsarin bayan an yi muku alurar riga kafi, amma ƙwayoyin rigakafin da kuka haɓaka don amsawa za su kasance, in ji shi. (CDC ta lura cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bayanai don tabbatar da tsawon lokacin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka gina daga alluran COVID-19 za su daɗe.)

"Ba shi yiwuwa a kama COVID-19 daga allurar rigakafin, kamar samun tsari don gina sitiyari baya ba ku shirin gina mota gaba ɗaya," in ji Dokta Pan.

Yaya yawan illolin rigakafin COVID-19?

FDA har yanzu tana kimanta bayanai kan daidai yadda tasirin sakamako na COVID-19 na sama zai iya kasancewa a cikin yawan jama'a. A yanzu, kodayake, bayanin da Pfizer da Moderna suka fitar akan manyan gwaje-gwajensu na asibiti sun nuna cewa ƙaramin mutane za su fuskanci “manyan alamu amma na ɗan lokaci” bayan samun allurar COVID-19, in ji Dr. Pan.

Musamman ma, a cikin gwajin Moderna na rigakafin COVID-19, kashi 2.7 na mutane sun sami ciwon wurin allura bayan kashi na farko. Bayan kashi na biyu (wanda aka ba makonni huɗu bayan harbi na farko), kashi 9.7 cikin ɗari na mutane sun sami gajiya, kashi 8.9 cikin ɗari sun ba da rahoton ciwon tsoka, kashi 5.2 cikin ɗari sun sami ciwon haɗin gwiwa, kashi 4.5 cikin ɗari sun ba da rahoton ciwon kai, kashi 4.1 cikin ɗari sun sami ciwon gaba ɗaya, da kashi 2 cikin ɗari ya ce harbin na biyu ya bar su da ja a wurin allurar.

Zuwa yanzu, illolin Pfizer na COVID-19 sun yi kama da na Moderna. A cikin babban gwajin Pfizer na allurar rigakafin ta, kashi 3.8 na mutane sun ba da rahoton gajiya kuma kashi 2 cikin ɗari sun sami ciwon kai, duka bayan kashi na biyu (wanda aka ba makonni uku bayan allurar farko). Kasa da kashi 1 cikin dari na mutanen da ke cikin gwajin asibiti sun ba da rahoton zazzabi (wanda aka bayyana a cikin bincike a matsayin zafin jiki sama da 100 ° F) bayan ko dai na farko ko na biyu. Ƙaramin lamba (kashi 0.3, daidai) na masu karɓar allurar rigakafin suma sun ba da rahoton kumburin kumburin kumburin, “wanda gaba ɗaya aka warware cikin kwanaki 10” na allurar rigakafi, a cewar binciken.

Duk da yake waɗannan sakamako masu illa na wucin gadi ne kuma ba su zama kamar na kowa ba, za su iya zama "mahimmanci" isa cewa wasu mutane "na iya buƙatar rasa ranar aiki" bayan an yi musu allurar rigakafi, in ji Dokta Pan.

Wataƙila kun ji damuwa game da rashin lafiyar rigakafin Pfizer na COVID-19. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bullar maganin a Burtaniya, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya biyu - waɗanda ke ɗaukar EpiPen akai-akai kuma suna da tarihin halayen rashin lafiyan - gogaggun anaphylaxis (wani rashin lafiyar mai haɗari mai haɗari da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin numfashi da raguwar hawan jini. ) bin kashi na farko, bisa ga Jaridar New York. Duk ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya sun warke, amma a halin yanzu, jami’an kiwon lafiya a Burtaniya sun ba da gargadin rashin lafiyar allurar rigakafin COVID-19 na Pfizer: “Duk mutumin da ke da tarihin anaphylaxis ga allurar rigakafi, magani, ko abinci kada ya karɓi Allurar Pfizer/BioNTech. Kada a ba da kashi na biyu ga duk wanda ya sami anaphylaxis bayan gudanar da kashi na farko na wannan maganin.” (Mai Alaƙa: Me ke Faruwa Lokacin da kuka Shiga Cikin Rikicin Anaphylactic?)

A cikin Amurka, wata takarda ta gaskiya daga FDA akan maganin Pfizer's COVID-19 kamar haka ta faɗi cewa "mutanen da ke da sanannen tarihin rashin lafiyar jiki (misali anaphylaxis) ga kowane ɓangaren Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine" bai kamata a yi alurar riga kafi ba. a wannan lokacin. (Zaku iya samun cikakken jerin abubuwan sinadaran a cikin maganin Pfizer a cikin takaddar gaskiya ɗaya daga FDA.)

Me yasa yakamata ku sami allurar COVID-19, ba tare da la’akari da tasirin sakamako ba

Gaskiya ita ce, za ku iya jin kamar mara daɗi na kwana ɗaya ko biyu bayan kun sami allurar COVID-19. Amma gabaɗaya, allurar COVID-19 sun fi “mafi aminci” fiye da kwayar cutar da kanta, wacce ta riga ta kashe kusan mutane 300,000 a Amurka, in ji Dr. Pan.

Alluran COVID-19 ba kawai zasu taimaka ba ka guje wa rikice-rikice na COVID-19 mai tsanani, amma kuma za su taimaka wajen kare mutanen da iya ba a yi alurar riga kafi har yanzu (ciki har da masu fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, masu juna biyu, da waɗanda ba su kai shekara 16 ba), in ji Dr. Pan. (Sanya abin rufe fuska, nisantar da jama'a, da wanke hannayenku suma zasu ci gaba da zama mahimmanci wajen kare mutane daga COVID-19.)

Mick ya ce "Yayin da mutane da yawa ke damuwa game da allurar rigakafin COVID-19, akwai fa'idodi da yawa ga yin allurar rigakafin," in ji Mick. "Ana tantance waɗannan allurar rigakafin sosai kuma za su shiga kasuwa ne kawai idan duk haɗarin allurar ya fi fa'ida."

Bayanai a cikin wannan labarin daidai ne har zuwa lokacin da ake bugawa. Kamar yadda sabuntawa game da coronavirus COVID-19 ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, yana yiwuwa wasu bayanai da shawarwari a cikin wannan labarin sun canza tun farkon bugawa. Muna ƙarfafa ku da ku bincika akai-akai tare da albarkatu kamar CDC, WHO, da sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida don ƙarin sabbin bayanai da shawarwari.

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