Dementia: menene menene, nau'ikan, alamu da yadda ake gano asali

Wadatacce

• 1. Ciwon mara
• 2. Ciwan jijiyoyin jini
• 3. Cutar Parkinson
• 4. Tashin hankali
• 5. Ciwon mara na gaban wuri
• 6. Nemi cutar rashin hankali
• 7. Rashin hankali tare da gawarwakin Lewy
• 8. Rashin hankali na giya

Rashin hankali, wanda ake kira babba ko ƙananan cuta a cikin DSM-V, yayi daidai da canji na ci gaba a ɓangarorin kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, halayya, yare da ɗabi'a, ta tsoma baki kai tsaye a cikin rayuwar mutum.

Za a iya fassara dementia a matsayin saiti na alamomi da alamomin da ke da alaƙa da canjin kwakwalwa waɗanda ke iya haifar da dalilai daban-daban, galibi ana alakanta su da tsufa.

Dangane da dalili da alamun bayyanar da mutum ya gabatar, ana iya rarraba cutar hauka zuwa nau'uka daban-daban, manyan su sune:

1. Ciwon mara

Alzheimer shine babban nau'in cutar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma yana da alaƙa da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta da nakasa ayyukan fahimi. Ci gaban Alzheimer sakamakon wasu abubuwa ne, kamar su kwayoyin halitta, tsufa, rashin motsa jiki, ciwon kai da shan sigari, misali.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Alamomin cutar Alzheimer sun bunkasa a matakai, alamun farko suna da alaƙa da wahalar neman kalmomi da yanke shawara, rashin kulawa da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, natsuwa, hankali da kuma tunani. Ga yadda ake gane alamomin cutar mantuwa.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ganewar cutar Alzheimer ana yin ta ne ta hanyar tantance alamun da mai haƙuri da asibiti da tarihin dangi suka gabatar. Bugu da kari, likitan jijiyoyin na iya neman gwajin da zai ba da damar gano canjin kwakwalwa, baya ga nazarin sinadarin kwakwalwar mutum dan duba tarin sinadaran beta-amyloid da ke faruwa a cikin Alzheimer.

Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwajen tunani, wanda dole ne likitan jijiyoyi ko likitocin ɗan adam su yi shi, don tabbatar da lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar. Duba yadda ake saurin gwajin Alzheimer.

2. Ciwan jijiyoyin jini

Lalacewar jijiyoyin jini ita ce ta biyu da ta fi kamuwa da cutar mantuwa, ta biyu ba ta Alzheimer ba, kuma tana faruwa ne lokacin da aka sami rashin wadataccen aikin samar da kwakwalwa saboda matsalolin kwakwalwa da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke haifar da canjin kwakwalwa kuma, saboda haka, rashin hankali. A saboda wannan dalili, babban abin da ke haifar da wannan nauin tabin hankali shine bugun jini. Kyakkyawan fahimtar menene lalatawar jijiyoyin jini, alamominta da yadda ake magance shi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: A cikin wannan nau'in rashin hankali, akwai lahani mai girma na hankali, yana sanya shi matukar wahala mutum ya aikata ayyukan yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da dogaro. Bugu da kari, tare da ci gaban cutar, mutum na iya zama mai rashin abinci mai gina jiki, mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kuma wahalar haɗiye, misali.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ganewar cutar rashin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki ana yin ta ne ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen hotunan jijiyoyin jiki, kamar su maganadisu da yanayin lissafi, inda ake tabbatar da sauye-sauyen kwakwalwa saboda raguwar samar da jini ga kwakwalwa.

3. Cutar Parkinson

Lalacewar cutar Parkinson tana tasowa yayin da cutar ta Parkinson ke kara ta'azzara, kasancewar sakamakon sauye-sauye da ke faruwa a matakin kwakwalwa, tunda akwai canje-canje da suka danganci sanin mutum da halayyar sa. Ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin mutane sama da shekara 50 kuma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da musababbinsa ba, duk da haka an san cewa akwai sutura a ɓangarorin ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da alhakin samar da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Baya ga alamomin alamomin cutar Parkinson, irin su rawar jiki da karfin jijiyoyin jiki, akwai ci gaba da samun saurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sauyin tunani saboda lalacewa da tsagewar yankunan ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da alhakin samar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Duba menene alamun farko na cutar Parkinson.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ana gane cutar ta kwayar cutar Parkinson ne ta hanyar likitan jijiyoyi ta hanyar alamomi da alamomin da mai haƙuri ya gabatar da kuma ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen hoto, kamar su maganadisu da yanayin kwalliya, misali. Kari akan haka, ana iya yin odan gwajin jini wanda zai iya ware wasu maganganun binciken.

4. Tashin hankali

Rashin lafiyar datti yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 65 kuma yana da halin rashin ci gaba da rashin iyawa na ayyukan ilimi, kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, tunani da harshe, sabili da haka yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa ga tsofaffi. Wannan nau'in rashin hankali galibi yana haifar da cututtukan da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar su Alzheimer ko cutar Parkinson, alal misali.

Bugu da ƙari, yana iya zama sakamakon yawan amfani da wasu magunguna, kamar ƙwayoyin bacci, masu ƙin baƙin ciki da masu narkar da jiji, misali. Ara koyo game da cutar lalata

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Babban alamomin da ke da alaƙa da lalatawar hankali shine rikicewa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wahalar yanke shawara, manta abubuwa masu sauƙi, rage nauyi, rashin fitsari, wahalar tuki ko yin ayyuka shi kaɗai, kamar cin kasuwa, girki ko wanka, misali.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ana gane ganewar wannan nau'in rashin hankalin ta hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, don kebe wasu cututtuka, da kuma gwaje-gwajen hotunan, kamar su sinadarin lissafin kwanyar kai da hoton maganadisu, misali, don tantance aikin kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a yi binciken cutar bisa ga cikakken tarihin asibiti da gwaje-gwajen don tantance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da halin tunani, gami da ƙimar hankali, natsuwa da sadarwa.

5. Ciwon mara na gaban wuri

Rashin hankali na Frontotemporal ko DFT wani nau'i ne na rashin hankali wanda ke tattare da atrophy da asarar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a ɗayan ko duka biyun gaba da na lokaci na kwakwalwa. Besananan lobes suna da alhakin daidaita yanayi da ɗabi'a, yayin da lobes ɗin na ɗan lokaci suna da alaƙa da hangen nesa da magana. Don haka, gwargwadon inda gurɓataccen ƙwaƙwalwa ke faruwa, alamun cututtuka na iya bambanta.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Babban alamomin da suka danganci FTD sune canje-canje a cikin halayyar zamantakewa, bambancin ɗabi'a, canje-canje a cikin yare, gabatar da takaitaccen magana. Bugu da kari, mutum na iya maimaita kalmomin da wasu mutane suka fada sau da yawa kuma ba zai iya tuna sunayen abubuwa ba, kawai yana iya bayyana su.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ana bincikar FTD ta hanyar binciken ƙwaƙwalwa, inda ake tabbatar da canje-canje na ɗabi'a da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da fahimtar jama'a. Kari akan haka, ana iya yin odar wasu gwaje-gwaje, kamar su hoton kwakwalwa da lantarki. Gano yadda ake yin wutan lantarki.

6. Nemi cutar rashin hankali

Rashin lafiyar Pick ko cuta, wanda aka fi sani da PiD, wani nau'in cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ne wanda ke tattare da yawan sunadarin Tau a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ake kira Pick's cups. Proteinarin furotin da yawa yana faruwa a gaba ko lobes kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da wuri, wanda zai iya farawa daga shekara 40

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Cututtukan Pick yana da manyan alamun alamun rage ikon tunani, wahalar magana, rikicewar hankali, rashin kwanciyar hankali da canjin hali.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Ganewar cutar Pick ana yin ta ne ta hanyar nazarin alamun halayyar da mutum ya gabatar, wanda yawanci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen halayyar mutum, ban da gwajin hoto, kamar su hoton maganadisu, misali. Bugu da kari, ana iya tambayar likitan ya kimanta narkar da sunadarin Tau a cikin ruwaye na tsarin jijiyoyi, kuma an nuna tarin ruwa mai kwakwalwa.

7. Rashin hankali tare da gawarwakin Lewy

Rashin hankali tare da jikin Lewy yayi daidai da shigar wasu keɓaɓɓun yankuna na kwakwalwa saboda kasancewar ƙwayoyin sunadarai, waɗanda aka sani da jikin Lewy, waɗanda ke haɓaka a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa kuma suna haifar da lalacewa da mutuwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin hankali. Wannan nau'in rashin hankali ya fi zama ruwan dare ga mutane sama da 60 kuma yana iya faruwa lokaci guda tare da cutar Alzheimer, misali. Koyi yadda ake ganowa da magance cutar rashin hankali tare da jikin Lewy.

​Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Mutanen da aka gano da irin wannan cutar ta mantuwa suna da manyan alamun rashin ƙarfin ikon tunani, rikicewar hankali, rikicewar hankali, hangen nesa, rawar jiki da taurin tsoka. Yawancin lokaci canje-canjen tunani suna bayyana da farko kuma, kamar yadda yake da yawan shiga kwakwalwa, canje-canje a cikin motsi yana bayyana kuma rikicewar hankali ya zama mafi tsanani.

Yadda ake ganewar asali: Dole ne likitan jijiyoyin jiki su tabbatar da cutar rashin hankali tare da gawarwakin Lewy ta hanyar tantance alamomin, tarihin lafiyar marasa lafiya da danginsu da kuma gwaje-gwajen hoto, kamar su abin da aka ƙididdige a jikin mutum ko hoton maganadisu, don gano lalacewar wasu sassan kwakwalwa.

8. Rashin hankali na giya

Har ila yau ana ci gaba da nazarin alaƙar tsakanin yawan shan giya da mafi saurin hangen nesa ga cutar hauka ta farko, amma duk da haka an riga an tabbatar da cewa yawan shan giya yana shafar ƙwaƙwalwa, da hankali da halayyar ɗabi'a. Wannan saboda shan giya na iya haifar da cutarwa akan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, canza aikinsu da haifar da alamomin rashin hankali, misali.

Bugu da kari, idan yawan shan giya yana da alaƙa da abinci mai ƙarancin bitamin B1, akwai yiwuwar lalacewar kwakwalwa ba za ta iya juyawa ba. Duba waɗanne abinci ne masu wadatar bitamin B1.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Matsalar koyo, sauyin hali, rage ƙwarewar zamantakewar jama'a, wahala cikin tunani mai ma'ana da canjin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci sune alamun halayyar hauka da barasa ke haifarwa.