Dattin Dozin: Abinci 12 Waɗanda suke Manya a Magungunan Kwari

Wadatacce

• Menene Jerin Dozin Diran Datti?
• Jerin Abincin Datti Dozin 2018
• Shin magungunan kashe qwari suna cikin cutarwa?
• Shin Kwayoyin Halitta na Kunshe da Magungunan Magunguna?
• Shin Ya Kamata Ku Guji Waɗannan Nau'ukan Naɓaɓɓun Abincin Goma?
• Hanyoyin Rage Fitar Da Maganin Kwari Daga Cikin Abinci
• Layin .asa

Bukatar kayan gona ya girma cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.

Amurkawa sun kashe sama da dala biliyan 26 kan kayan gona a 2010 idan aka kwatanta da biliyan ɗaya a cikin 1990 ().

Ofaya daga cikin manyan damuwar da ke haifar da amfani da ƙwayoyin abinci shine feshin maganin ƙwari.

Kowace shekara, Workingungiyar Aikin Muhalli (EWG) suna fitar da Dirty Dozen ™ - jerin 'ya'yan itatuwa 12 da ba na ƙwayoyi ba waɗanda suka fi girma a cikin ragowar maganin ƙwari.

Wannan labarin ya lissafa sabbin kayan abinci na Dirty Dozen, ya raba gaskiya da almara lokacin da ya shafi amfani da magungunan ƙwari da kuma bayyana hanyoyi masu sauƙi don rage bayyanar da magungunan ƙwari.

Menene Jerin Dozin Diran Datti?

Workingungiyar Aikin Muhalli (EWG) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke mai da hankali kan ilimantar da jama'a a kan batutuwa kamar ayyukan noma, kiyaye albarkatun ƙasa da tasirin sunadarai kan lafiyar ɗan adam (2).

Tun daga 1995, EWG ya fitar da Dirty Dozen - jerin kayan marmari da kayan marmari na yau da kullun tare da mafi girman matakan ragowar maganin ƙwari.

Maganin kashe kwari abubuwa ne da aka saba amfani dasu a aikin noma don kare amfanin gona daga lalacewar kwari, matsin lamba da cututtuka.

Don tattara jerin Dirty Dozen, EWG yayi nazari akan samfuran 38,000 da USDA da FDA suka ɗauka don fitar da mafi munin masu laifi (3).

EWG yana amfani da matakai shida don ƙayyade gurɓataccen maganin ƙwari na kayan amfanin gona (3):

• Kashi na samfurin da aka gwada tare da magungunan kashe qwari
• Kashi na samfurin tare da biyu ko fiye magungunan kwari
• Matsakaicin adadin magungunan ƙwari da aka samo akan samfurin guda ɗaya
• Matsakaicin adadin magungunan kashe qwari da aka samu, an auna su kashi kashi cikin miliyan
• Yawan adadin magungunan ƙwari da aka samo akan samfurin guda ɗaya
• Adadin yawan magungunan kashe qwari da aka samu akan amfanin gona

EWG ya faɗi cewa wannan hanyar "tana nuna ɗaukacin kayan kwari na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari gama gari" (3).

Yayin da EWG ke ikirarin cewa wannan jerin na iya taimaka wa masu amfani da su guji fallasa magungunan kwari, wasu masana - gami da masana kimiyyar abinci - suna jayayya cewa jerin suna tsoratar da jama'a daga cin abinci mai lafiya.

USDA ce ke tsara magungunan ƙwari, kuma rahotanni na kwanan nan sun nuna cewa matakan magungunan ƙwari da aka samo akan 99.5% na kayan yau da kullun suna ƙasa da shawarwarin da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta tsara (4).

Shirin Bayanai na Kayan Gwari na USDA ya tabbatar da cewa samar da abinci na Amurka "yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi aminci a duniya," saboda hanyoyin gwaji masu ƙarfi (4).

Koyaya, masana da yawa suna jayayya cewa ci gaba da bayyanawa ga magungunan ƙwari - koda a ƙananan allurai - na iya haɓaka cikin jikin ku tsawon lokaci kuma haifar da yanayin rashin lafiya na yau da kullun.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai damuwa cewa amintattun iyakokin da hukumomi masu ƙayyadewa ba sa la'akari da haɗarin lafiyar da ke tattare da shan fiye da ɗari ɗaya a lokaci guda.

Saboda wadannan dalilai, EWG ya kirkiro jerin Dirty Dozen a matsayin jagora ga mutanen da suke son takaita yaduwar maganin kwari don kansu da danginsu.

Dirty Dozen jerin 'ya'yan itace ne da kayan marmari tare da matakin mafi girman ragowar magungunan ƙwari da Workingungiyar Kula da Muhalli (EWG) ta ƙirƙira don wayar da kan jama'a game da amincin abinci.

Jerin Abincin Datti Dozin 2018

A cewar EWG, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu zuwa suna da mafi girman matakan ragowar magungunan kashe qwari (5):

1. Strawberries: Strawwararrun strawberries na al'ada koyaushe suna saman jerin ƙazantattun Dozin. A cikin 2018, EWG ya gano cewa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan samfuran strawberry sun ƙunshi goma ko fiye da magungunan kwari.
2. Alayyafo: Kashi 97% na alayyafo suna dauke da ragowar magungunan kashe qwari, gami da permethrin, maganin kashe kwari wanda ke da matukar illa ga dabbobi ().
3. Jirgin ruwa: EWG ya gano ragowar a kusan kashi 94% na samfuran nectarine, tare da samfurin daya dauke da sama da 15 daban-daban ragowar maganin ƙwari.
4. Apples: EWG ya gano ragowar magungunan ƙwari a cikin 90% na samfurin apple. Abin da ya fi haka, 80% na tuffa da aka gwada sun ƙunshi alamun diphenylamine, maganin ƙwari da aka hana a Turai (7).
5. Inabi: 'Ya'yan inabi na yau da kullun suna da mahimmanci akan jerin Dirty Dozen, tare da sama da 96% na gwajin tabbatacce game da ragowar maganin ƙwari.
6. Peaches: Fiye da kashi 99% na ɓarke ​​da EWG ta gwada sun ƙunshi matsakaita na ragowar maganin ƙwari huɗu.
7. Cherries: EWG ta gano matsakaita na ragowar magungunan kwari biyar akan samfuran ceri, gami da magungunan kashe kwari da ake kira iprodione, wanda aka haramta a Turai (8).
8. Pears: Fiye da 50% na pears da EWG ta gwada sun ƙunshi ragowa daga ƙwayoyi masu guba biyar ko fiye.
9. Tumatir: An samo ragowar magungunan kwari huɗu a kan tumatirin da aka saba dashi. Sampleaya daga cikin samfurin ya ƙunshi sama da 15 daban-daban da ragowar magungunan ƙwari.
10. Seleri: An samo ragowar magungunan kashe qwari akan sama da kashi 95% na samfurin seleri. Kimanin nau'ikan magungunan kwari 13 ne aka gano.
11. Dankali: Samfurori masu dankalin turawa sun ƙunshi ragowar magungunan ƙwari da nauyi fiye da kowane irin amfanin gona da aka gwada. Chlorpropham, maganin kashe ciyawa, shine mafi yawan magungunan da aka gano.
12. Barkono mai dadi: Barkono mai ɗanɗano yana ɗauke da ragowar maganin ƙwari idan aka kwatanta da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Amma duk da haka, EWG ya yi gargadin cewa magungunan kashe qwari da ake amfani da su a kan barkono mai daɗi “sun fi zama masu cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam.”

Baya ga Dirty Dozen na gargajiyar, EWG ya sake fitar da jerin Dirty Dozen Plus wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin fruitsa fruitsan itace 36 da kayan marmari waɗanda ke da babban matakin ragowar magungunan ƙwari, gami da barkono mai zafi, tumatir na tumatir, peas da kuma blueberries.

Strawberries ne kan gaba a jerin 2018 Dirty Dozen, tare da alayyafo da nectarines. Yawancin abinci a cikin jerin sun ƙunshi magungunan kashe ƙwari da yawa, gami da wasu waɗanda aka haramta a Turai.

Shin magungunan kashe qwari suna cikin cutarwa?

Akwai ra'ayoyi masu karo da juna game da amincin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin kayan.

Kodayake magungunan kashe qwari da aka yi amfani dasu akan amfanin gona ana kiyaye su sosai kuma suna kiyaye su sosai ba tare da iyakokin cutarwa ba, akwai damuwa kan yadda yawan shan wadannan abubuwa yake shafar lafiyar.

Yawancin karatu sun danganta yaduwar magungunan kashe kwari ga mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya, kamar matsalolin numfashi, matsalolin haihuwa, rikicewar tsarin endocrin, lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki da haɗarin wasu cututtukan daji ().

Yara ana daukar su a cikin hadari mafi girma na kamuwa da cutar ƙwari fiye da manya saboda ƙanƙancinsu, rage adadin wasu enzymes masu lalata jiki da kuma cewa ƙwaƙwalwar da ke haɓaka ta fi saukin kamuwa da magungunan kashe ƙwari ().

Karatun ya nuna cewa yaran da uwarsu ta haifa masu dauke da maganin kashe kwari sun nuna jinkirin tunani har na tsawon shekaru biyu, gami da gazawa wajen aiki tare da kuma kwakwalwar gani ().

Hakanan an danganta bayyanar yara da magungunan ƙwari da haɗarin haɓaka ADHD ().

Wani binciken ya gano cewa mata masu juna biyu da ke zaune kusa da ƙasar noma inda ake feshin magungunan kashe ƙwari na organophosphate, pyrethroid ko carbamate suna iya samun yara da suka kamu da cutar ta autism ko kuma cutar rashin hankalin (ASDs) ().

Bugu da ƙari, an gano cewa manoman da suka yi amfani da wasu magungunan ƙwari a cikin amfanin gonarsu suna da yawan ƙiba da ciwon daji na hanji idan aka kwatanta da sauran jama'a ().

Game da matakan magungunan kashe qwari a jiki, bincike ya nuna cewa musanya kayan gargajiya tare da sifofin halitta yana rage ko kawar da matakan fitsari na magungunan qwari da yawa (,).

Ya bayyana a sarari cewa yawancin matakan feshin maganin kwari suna da alaƙa da mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya.

Koyaya, yawancin karatun da ake samu yana maida hankali ne akan mutanen da suke hulɗa kai tsaye da magungunan ƙwari a kowace rana, kamar su ma'aikatan noma, maimakon sauran jama'a.

Ya bayyana a sarari cewa yawan amfani da magungunan kwari yana da illa. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin idan ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo zuwa ƙananan matakan magungunan ƙwari da aka samo a cikin abinci na da lahani ga lafiyar jiki.

Shin Kwayoyin Halitta na Kunshe da Magungunan Magunguna?

Duk da yake ka'idojin noman kwayoyin sun banbanta da tsarin noma na al'ada, an ba manoma masu amfani da ƙwayoyi damar amfani da wasu magungunan ƙwari da aka yarda da su a kan amfanin gonarsu.

Manoman gona sun dogara kacokam kan juyawar amfanin gona, kariya daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ayyukan tsabtace jiki don kare amfanin gona.

Koyaya, ana iya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, kamar su jan ƙarfe, rotenone da spinosad a cikin noman ƙwayoyin (17).

An yarda da magungunan kwari na 25 don amfani da kwayoyin akan 900 mai ban mamaki wadanda a halin yanzu aka basu damar amfani dasu akan amfanin gona na yau da kullun (18).

Kamar dai yadda ake amfani da magungunan ƙwari a cikin aikin gona na gargajiya, magungunan kwari na kwari ana tsara su sosai don aminci amma suna iya cutar da lafiya a cikin manyan allurai.

Misali, an danganta bayyanar aiki ga rotenone na kwayoyi masu dauke da kwayar cutar tare da karin haɗarin cutar Parkinson ().

Abin takaici, karatun dogon lokaci da ke nazarin haɗarin cinye 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun da kayan marmari tare da fruitsa fruitsan itace da kayan lambu a cikin yawan jama'a sun rasa.

Idan kana zabar abinci mai gina jiki don dalilai na muhalli sabanin dalilan kiwon lafiya, bincike ya goyi bayan cewa noman kwayoyin ba shi da tasirin tasirin muhalli fiye da yadda ake yin su.

Hanyoyin noma na gargajiya suna rage hayakin carbon, suna karfafa bambancin rayuwa da kare kasa da ruwan karkashin kasa (20).

Magungunan kashe qwari da aka yi amfani da su a cikin al'ada da kuma aikin gona na iya zama illa ga lafiya a cikin manyan allurai.

Shin Ya Kamata Ku Guji Waɗannan Nau'ukan Naɓaɓɓun Abincin Goma?

Mutane da yawa suna zaɓar kayan aikin gona da fatan rage kamuwa da su da magungunan ƙwari.

Ana buƙatar ƙarin shaida daga nazarin bincike don sanin ko abincin ɗan adam ya fi lafiya fiye da abincin da ke ɗauke da kayan yau da kullun.

Ga waɗanda ke da ikon siyan nau'ikan kayan kwalliyar kwari masu amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ta yin amfani da wannan aikin na iya haifar da ƙananan tasirin maganin ƙwari.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa ba kawai ana samun magungunan ƙwari a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari ba.

Ana amfani dasu sosai akan sauran albarkatu kamar su hatsi, da kuma a lawns, lambunan furanni da kuma kula da ƙwari (,).

Tunda magungunan kashe kwari sun yadu sosai, hanya mafi kyau don rage kamuwa da ku shine zabar kayan abinci idan zai yiwu kuma kuyi aiki mai dorewa a lambun da kuma hanyoyin korar kwari.

Tunda yawan kayan gona ya fi tsada fiye da kayan yau da kullun, yana da wahala mutane da yawa su iya saya.

Kada ku damu idan kun kasa siyan sifofin kwayoyin Dirty Dozen.

Cin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari da yawa ya fi haɗarin ragowar magungunan ƙwari kan kayan amfanin gona, kuma akwai hanyoyin rage waɗannan ragowar.

Duk da yake nau'ikan siran na Dirty Dozen suna iya ƙunshe da ragowar magungunan kwari, cinye 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari na yau da kullun yana da aminci.

Hanyoyin Rage Fitar Da Maganin Kwari Daga Cikin Abinci

Wadannan suna da sauƙi, amintattu kuma masu ƙarfi hanyoyin da zaku iya amfani dasu don rage ragowar magungunan ƙwari akan kayan amfanin gona:

• Goge su cikin ruwan sanyi: Rinsing 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari a cikin ruwan sanyi yayin goge su da goga mai laushi na iya cire wasu ragowar magungunan ƙwari ().
• Ruwan soda ruwa: Wani bincike ya nuna cewa wanke tuffa da soda mai hade da ruwa mai hade 1% ya fi tasiri wajen cire ragowar magungunan kwari fiye da ruwan famfo kadai ().
• Kwasfa 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari: Cire fata na tya fruitsan itace vegetablesa fruitsan itace da kayan marmari da yawa na iya rage rage cin abinci na ragowar magungunan ƙwari ().
• Blanching: A cikin binciken daya yaye amfanin gona (fallasa shi zuwa tafasa, sannan sanyi, ruwa) ya haifar da raguwar fiye da kashi 50% a cikin ragowar maganin kwari a cikin dukkan kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace banda peaches ().
• Tafasa: Wani bincike ya gano cewa tafasasshen strawberries ya rage ragowar magungunan ƙwari, tare da raguwar 42.8-92.9% ().
• Kurkura kayan abinci tare da ozonated water: Ruwan da aka samu a cikin ruwa (wanda aka gauraya da wani nau'in oxygen wanda ake kira ozone) yana da matukar tasiri wajen cire ragowar magungunan kwari daga abinci (,).

Amfani da ɗayan ayyukan da ke bisa shaidar da ke sama na iya rage ragowar maganin ƙwari akan sabbin kayan amfanin gona.

Goge kayan abinci a ƙarƙashin ruwan sanyi, wanka tare da maganin soda ko kuma peeling duk hanyoyi ne masu kyau don rage ragowar maganin ƙwari akan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.

Layin .asa

Manufar jerin Dirty Dozen shine a sanar da masu amfani waɗanne fruitsa fruitsan itace da kayan marmari waɗanda ke da mafi yawan adadin ragowar magungunan ƙwari.

Duk da yake wannan jeri na iya taimakawa ga wadanda suka damu da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin abinci, har yanzu ba a bayyana yadda damuwar da ya kamata ku sha kan ragowar magungunan qwari da fari ba.

Ga waɗanda suke son yin kuskure a kan taka tsantsan, yana da kyau a sayi nau'ikan kayan abinci na Dirty Dozen.

Duk da yake ba a fahimci tasirin magungunan kwari a kan lafiya ba tukuna, mahimmancin cinye 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari don lafiya, walau na al'ada ko na gargajiya, ya tabbata.

Sabili da haka, bai kamata ku iyakance yawan cin ku ba kawai ta hanyar amfani da maganin ƙwari.