Dystonia: menene shi, manyan alamun cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban alamun dystonia
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. Alurar Botox
• 2. Magungunan dystonia
• 3. Physiotherapy don dystonia
• 4. Yin tiyata don dystonia

Dystonia yana tattare da rikicewar tsoka mara izini da spasms da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba, waɗanda galibi suke maimaitarwa kuma suna iya haifar da sabon abu, baƙon abu mai raɗaɗi.

Yawancin lokaci, dystonia na muscular yana tasowa saboda matsalar kwakwalwa a cikin tsarin mai juyayi, wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa motsi na tsoka. Wannan matsala a cikin kwakwalwa na iya zama kwayar halitta ko ta taso sakamakon wata cuta ko rauni kamar bugun jini, cutar ta Parkinson, busa kai ko ƙwaƙwalwa.

Dystonia ba shi da magani, amma ana iya sarrafa cututtukan jijiyoyi tare da magani, wanda za a iya yi da allurar kwayar botulinum, da aka sani da botox, magunguna, aikin likita ko kuma tiyata.

Babban alamun dystonia

Kwayar cututtuka na iya bambanta gwargwadon yankuna da abin ya shafa da nau'in dystonia:

• Tsarin dystonia: yana shafar yanki ɗaya ne kawai na jiki, yana haifar da raɗaɗi ba da gangan ba da spasms a cikin tsokokin da abin ya shafa. Misali na yau da kullun shine dystonia na mahaifa, wanda ke shafar wuya, yana haifar da alamomi kamar karkatar da wuyan wuyan gaba, baya ko gefe, tare da ciwo da tauri;
• Yankin dystonia: yana shafar yankuna biyu ko sama da haka da suke da alaƙa, kamar yadda lamarin dystonia na oromandibular yake, wanda ke shafar tsokokin fuska, harshe da muƙamuƙi, kuma zai iya haifar da gurɓatar fuska da buɗe ko rufe bakin ba da son rai ba;
• Multifocal dystonia: yana shafar yankuna biyu ko fiye na jiki, waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da juna, irin su hannun hagu da ƙafafun hagu, alal misali, haifar da takurawar tsoka mara izini a cikin rukuni na tsokoki da abin ya shafa;
• Kullum dystonia: yana shafar akwati da aƙalla wasu sassan jiki biyu. Yawanci yakan fara ne tun yarinta ko samartaka kuma yana farawa ne da raɗaɗi ba da son rai a ɗayan gabobin, wanda daga nan sai ya yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki;

Kari akan haka, mutum na iya samun cutar hemidystonia, wanda wani bangare na jikinsa ya shafa, wanda ke haifar da zafin bazata da karfin jijiyoyin jiki a wannan bangaren na jikin.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Jiyya don dystonia yana da maƙasudin maƙasudin sarrafa ragwan ƙwayoyin tsoka mara izini kuma, sabili da haka, haɓaka bayyanar mutum da ƙimar rayuwarsa.

Dole ne likitan ya zaɓi zaɓin magani, bisa ga tsananin da nau'in dystonia:

1. Alurar Botox

Ana iya maganin Dystonia tare da allurar botulinum toxin, wanda aka fi sani da botox, saboda wannan sinadarin yana taimakawa wajen rage ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayoyin tsoka da ke cikin wannan cuta.

Magungunan Botox likita ne ke gudanar da su kai tsaye ga tsokoki da abin ya shafa, yawanci kowane watanni 3 kuma abu ne na al'ada don jin zafi a wurin allurar na daysan kwanaki. Bugu da kari, allurar botox na iya haifar da wasu illoli, gwargwadon wurin allurar, kamar wahalar hadiya, idan akwai matsalar dystonia na mahaifa, alal misali.

2. Magungunan dystonia

Magungunan magani don dystonia na iya haɗawa da yin amfani da waɗannan magunguna masu zuwa:

• Levodopa da Carbidopa: amfani da shi don inganta bazuwar bazata;
• Tetrabenazine: da aka nuna a cikin maganin cututtukan da ke tattare da ƙungiyoyi marasa tsari marasa tsari;
• Triexiphenidyl: wani magani mai tsafta, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar toshe fitowar acetylcholine, wanda ke da alhakin haifar da ciwon jiji;
• Baclofen: sauqaqa kuzarin tsoka kuma ya sassauta tsoka;
• Diazepam da lorazepam: shakatawa na tsoka, wanda ke inganta shakatawa na tsoka.

Wadannan magunguna dole ne likita ya tsara su, kuma kashi da hanyar amfani na iya bambanta gwargwadon tsananin dystonia.

3. Physiotherapy don dystonia

Magungunan likita don dystonia ya ƙunshi yin takamaiman atisaye ko fasahohi don taimakawa ci gaba da motsi gaba ɗaya, inganta halayya, sauƙaƙa zafi, kauce ga ragewa ko raunana tsokoki da abin ya shafa, da inganta rayuwar mai haƙuri.

Bugu da ƙari, aikin likita yana taimaka wajan hana ƙwayar tsoka da rage sakamako na maganin botox, ta hanyar kawar da ciwo ko haɗakar haɗiye, alal misali, wanda za a iya daidaita shi da botox.

4. Yin tiyata don dystonia

Ana iya yin maganin tiyata don dystonia ta amfani da fasahohi biyu:

• Brainwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai zurfi: ya kunshi shigar da wayoyi a cikin kwakwalwa wadanda suke hade da karamar na’ura, kwatankwacin na’urar bugun zuciya, wanda galibi a ciki kuma yake aikawa da larurar lantarki zuwa kwakwalwa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da raunin tsoka;
• Zabin keɓance na gefe: ya kunshi yankan jijiyoyin da ke haifar da jijiyoyin jiki.

Wadannan zaɓuɓɓukan tiyata yawanci ana yin su ne kawai lokacin da sauran jiyya basu yi tasiri ba.