Hemoglobin electrophoresis: menene menene, yadda ake kera shi kuma menene don shi
Wadatacce
Hemoglobin electrophoresis wata dabara ce ta bincike wacce take da nufin gano nau'ikan nau'ikan haemoglobin da ake samu yana zagayawa cikin jini. Hemoglobin ko Hb shine furotin wanda yake cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini wanda ke da alhakin ɗaukar oxygen, yana ba da izinin jigilar kayayyaki. Ara koyo game da haemoglobin.
Daga gano nau'in haemoglobin, yana yiwuwa a bincika ko mutum na da wata cuta da ke da alaƙa da hawan haemoglobin, kamar thalassaemia ko sickle cell anemia, misali. Koyaya, don tabbatar da ganewar asali, ya zama dole ayi wasu gwaje-gwajen hematological da biochemical.
Menene don
Ana buƙatar electromhoresis na Hemoglobin don gano canje-canje na tsari da aiki masu alaƙa da haɗin haemoglobin. Don haka, likita na iya ba da shawarar yin bincike kan cutar sikila, cututtukan haemoglobin C da bambanta thalassaemia, misali.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya buƙata tare da nufin ba da shawara ga ma'aurata waɗanda suke son haihuwar yara, alal misali, a sanar da su idan akwai damar cewa yaron zai sami wani nau'in cuta na jini dangane da haemoglobin ɗin. Hakanan za'a iya yin odar Hemoglobin electrophoresis azaman jarrabawa na yau da kullun don kula da marasa lafiyar da aka riga aka bincikar da nau'ikan haemoglobin daban-daban.
Game da jarirai sabbin haihuwa, ana gano nau'in haemoglobin ta hanyar gwajin dunduniyar dunduniya, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga gano cutar sikila, misali. Duba wadanne cututtukan da aka gano ta diddige diddige.
Yadda ake yinta
Hemoglobin electrophoresis ana yin sa ne daga tarin samfurin jini ta kwararren da aka horas da shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman, saboda tarin da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da hemolysis, ma’ana, lalata jajayen kwayoyin jini, wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da sakamakon. Fahimci yadda ake tara jini.
Dole ne a yi tattarawar tare da mai haƙuri azumin aƙalla awanni 4 da samfurin da aka aika don bincike a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, inda aka gano nau'ikan haemoglobin da ke cikin mara lafiyar. A wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ba lallai ba ne a yi azumi don tarawa. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a nemi jagora daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da likita game da azumin jarrabawa.
Nau'in haemoglobin an gano shi ta hanyar electrophoresis a cikin pH na alkaline (kusan 8.0 - 9.0), wanda wata dabara ce da ta danganci yawan ƙaurawar kwayar halittar lokacin da aka shigar da ita zuwa wutar lantarki, tare da ganin mahaɗa ta gwargwadon girma da nauyinta. kwayoyin. Dangane da tsarin band ɗin da aka samo, ana yin kwatancen tare da tsari na yau da kullun kuma, don haka, ana gano ganowar hamoglobins mara kyau.
Yadda ake fassara sakamakon
Dangane da samfurin band da aka gabatar, yana yiwuwa a gano nau'in haemoglobin na mai haƙuri. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) yana da nauyin ƙirar mafi girma, don haka ba a lura da ƙaura da yawa, yayin da HbA2 ya fi sauƙi, yana zurfafa cikin gel. Ana fassara wannan tsarin a dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ana fitar da shi a matsayin rahoto ga likita da mara lafiyan, suna sanar da nau'in haemoglobin da aka samo.
Hemoglobin na tayi (HbF) yana cikin manya-manya a cikin jariri, kodayake, yayin da ci gaba ke faruwa, yawan HbF yana raguwa yayin da HbA1 ke ƙaruwa. Don haka, yawan kowane nau'in haemoglobin ya bambanta gwargwadon shekaru, kuma yawanci:
Hemoglobin nau'in | Kima ta al'ada |
HbF | 1 zuwa 7 na shekaru: har zuwa 84%; 8 zuwa kwanaki 60 na haihuwa: har zuwa 77%; 2 zuwa watanni 4: har zuwa 40%; 4 zuwa watanni 6 da haihuwa: har zuwa 7.0% 7 zuwa watanni 12 na haihuwa: har zuwa 3.5%; 12 zuwa watanni 18: har zuwa 2.8%; Adult: 0.0 zuwa 2.0% |
HbA1 | 95% ko fiye |
HbA2 | 1,5 - 3,5% |
Koyaya, wasu mutane suna da canje-canje na tsari ko aiki waɗanda suka danganci haɗakar haemoglobin, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa ko bambancin haemoglobin, kamar HbS, HbC, HbH da Barts 'Hb.
Don haka, daga electromhoresis na haemoglobin, yana yiwuwa a gano kasancewar ƙwayoyin haemoglogin mara kyau kuma, tare da taimakon wata dabarar binciken cutar da ake kira HPLC, yana yiwuwa a bincika ƙimar hemoglobins na al'ada da na al'ada, wanda zai iya zama alamar:
Sakamakon Hemoglobin | Hasashen bincike |
Kasancewar HbSS | Cutar sikila anemia, wacce ke da alamun canji a cikin surar jinin jini saboda maye gurbi a cikin jerin beta na haemoglobin. Sanin alamomin cutar sikila. |
Kasancewar HbAS | Halin sikila, wanda mutum ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar da ke dauke da cutar sikila, amma ba ya nuna alamun, duk da haka yana iya ba da wannan jigilar ga sauran al'ummomi: |
Kasancewar HbC | Nuna alamun cutar Hemoglobin C, wanda a ciki ana iya lura da lu'ulu'u na HbC a cikin jinin jini, musamman lokacin da mai haƙuri yake HbCC, wanda mutum yake da cutar rashin jini ta hemolytic da ke da digiri daban-daban. |
Kasancewar Barts hb | Kasancewar wannan nau'in haemoglobin yana nuna wani mummunan yanayin da aka sani da suna hydrops fetalis, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar ɗan tayi kuma saboda haka zubar da ciki. Ara koyo game da iskar ruwa. |
Kasancewar HbH | Nuna alamun cutar Hemoglobin H, wanda ke tattare da hazo da hemolysis mai raɗaɗi. |
Game da ganewar cutar sikila anemia ta gwajin diddige, sakamakon na yau da kullun shine HbFA (ma'ana, jaririn yana da HbA da HbF, wanda yake na al'ada), yayin da sakamakon HbFAS da HbFS ke nuni da yanayin sikila. da kuma sikila cell anemia bi da bi.
Hakanan za'a iya yin bincike na daban na thalassemias ta hanyar electromhoresis na haemoglobin hade da HPLC, wanda ake tabbatar da yawan alpha, beta, delta da gamma chains, yana tabbatar da rashi ko kasancewar waɗannan sarkokin na duniya kuma, bisa ga sakamakon , ƙayyade nau'in thalassaemia. Koyi yadda ake gano thalassaemia.
Don tabbatar da bincikar kowace cuta da ke da alaƙa da haemoglobin, dole ne a ba da umarnin yin wasu gwaje-gwaje kamar baƙin ƙarfe, ferritin, sashin transrinrin, ban da cikakken jini. Duba yadda ake fassara ƙididdigar jini.