Shin Sensiti na Gluten na Gaskiya ne? Duba Mai Mahimmanci

Wadatacce

• Menene alkama?
• Rashin lafiyar Gluten
• Menene ƙwarewar alkama?
• Hankalin Gluten na iya zama ma'ana mara ma'ana
• Layin kasa

Dangane da binciken 2013, sulusin Amurkawa suna ƙoƙari su guji yawan alkama.

Amma cututtukan celiac, mafi tsananin nau'in rashin haƙuri na alkama, yana shafar kashi 0.7-1% na mutane kawai ().

Wani yanayin da ake kira non-celiac gluten sensitivity ana tattaunawa akai-akai a cikin ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya amma yana da rikici tsakanin masana kiwon lafiya ().

Wannan labarin yana duban cikakken hankali game da ƙoshin lafiya don sanin ko yakamata ku damu da shi.

Menene alkama?

Gluten dangin sunadarai ne a alkama, sihiri, hatsin rai, da sha'ir. Daga cikin hatsin da ke dauke da alkama, alkama ita ce mafi yawan amfani da ita.

Manyan sunadarai biyu a cikin alkama sune gliadin da glutenin. Lokacin da aka gauraya gari da ruwa, waɗannan sunadarai suna haɗuwa a cikin yanar gizo mai ɗorewa wanda yake kama da manne a cikin daidaito (3,,).

Sunan gluten ya fito ne daga waɗannan kaddarorin masu kama da manne.

Gluten yana sa kullu ya zama roba kuma ya ba burodi damar tashi lokacin da ya dumama ta hanyar cakuɗa ƙwayoyin gas a ciki. Hakanan yana bayar da gamsarwa, zane mai taushi.

Gluten shine babban furotin a cikin hatsi da yawa, gami da alkama. Yana da wasu kaddarorin da suka sa ya shahara sosai don yin burodi.

Rashin lafiyar Gluten

Fewananan yanayin kiwon lafiya suna da alaƙa da alkama da alkama ().

Mafi sanannun waɗannan shine rashin haƙuri, wanda mafi girman nau'in shine cutar celiac ().

A cikin mutanen da ke cikin rashin haƙuri, tsarin na rigakafi yana kuskuren tunanin cewa sunadaran sunadarai baƙi ne na ƙasashen waje kuma suna kai musu hari.

Tsarin na rigakafi kuma yana yaƙi da tsarin halitta a cikin bangon hanji, wanda zai haifar da lahani mai tsanani. Harshen jiki a kan kansa shine dalilin da yasa rashin haƙuri da cututtukan celiac ake sanya su a matsayin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ().

Celiac cuta an kiyasta zai shafi har zuwa 1% na yawan jama'ar Amurka. Da alama yana kan hauhawa, kuma galibin mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin ba su san cewa suna da shi ba,,,).

Koyaya, ƙwarewar rashin celiac ya bambanta da cutar celiac da rashin haƙuri (12).

Kodayake ba ya aiki iri ɗaya, alamunsa galibi iri ɗaya ne (13).

Wani yanayin da aka sani da rashin lafiyar alkama ba shi da ƙima kuma tabbas yana iya shafar ƙasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na mutane a duniya (14).

An danganta halayen rashin illa ga alkama da wasu yanayi masu yawa, gami da ataxia na gluten (wani nau'in ataxia na cerebellar), cutar Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rubuta irin ciwon sukari na 1, autism, schizophrenia, da kuma bakin ciki (15,,,,,,).

Gluten ba shine babban dalilin waɗannan cututtukan ba, amma yana iya haifar da alamun rashin lafiya ga waɗanda ke da su. A lokuta da yawa, an nuna abincin da ba shi da alkama don taimakawa, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike.

Yawancin yanayin kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da alkama da alkama. Mafi yawan wadanda suka fi dacewa sune cututtukan alkama, cututtukan celiac, da ƙwarewar rashin celiac.

Menene ƙwarewar alkama?

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙwarewar alkama ya sami kulawa mai mahimmanci daga masana kimiyya da jama'a ().

A sauƙaƙe, mutanen da ke da ƙoshin lafiya suna fuskantar bayyanar cututtuka bayan sun shanye hatsi da ke dauke da alkama kuma suna mai da martani mai kyau ga abinci mara yalwar abinci - amma ba su da cutar celiac ko rashin lafiyar alkama.

Mutanen da ke da ƙoshin lafiya yawanci ba sa lalata rufin gut, wanda shine babban fasalin cutar celiac (12).

Amma duk da haka, a kimiyance ba a san yadda tasirin kwayoyi ke aiki ba.

Evidencearamar shaida na nuna shigar FODMAPs, wani nau'in carbs da zare wanda ke iya haifar da rashin narkewar abinci a cikin wasu mutane ().

Saboda babu wani gwajin gwajin abin dogaro wanda zai iya ƙayyade ƙoshin lafiya, yawanci ana yin bincike ta hanyar kawar da wasu damar.

Wannan shine rubutaccen ilimin binciken da aka gabatar don ilimin alkama ():

1. Cutar abinci na Gluten na haifar da bayyanar cututtuka nan take, ko dai narkewa ko ba narkewa ba.
2. Kwayar cutar ta ɓace da sauri akan abinci mara abinci.
3. Sake dawo da alkama yana haifar da alamun bayyanar.
4. Celiac cuta da alerji na alkama an cire dokar.
5. Challengealubalen ɓarkewar alkama ya tabbatar da ganewar asali.

A cikin wani binciken da aka yi a cikin mutanen da ke da tasirin kai tsaye, 25% ne kawai suka cika ka'idojin bincike ().

Mutanen da ke da hankulan alkama sun ba da rahoton alamomi da yawa, gami da kumburi, kumburi, gudawa, ciwon ciki, raunin nauyi, eczema, erythema, ciwon kai, gajiya, baƙin ciki, da ƙashi da haɗin gwiwa (25,).

Ka tuna cewa ƙwarewar alkama - da cututtukan celiac - galibi suna da alamomi daban-daban masu ban mamaki waɗanda za su iya zama da wuya a danganta su ga narkewar abinci ko alkama, gami da matsalolin fata da cututtukan jijiyoyi (,).

Duk da yake bayanai basu da yawa game da yaduwar kwayar cutar, karatun ya nuna cewa 0.5-6% na yawan mutanen duniya na iya samun wannan yanayin ().

Dangane da wasu nazarin, ƙwarewar maye yana da yawa ga manya kuma yafi yawa ga mata fiye da maza (, 30).

Gluten sensitivity ya haɗa da mummunan halayen ga alkama ko alkama a cikin mutanen da ba su da cutar celiac ko rashin lafiyar alkama. Babu ingantaccen bayanai a kan yadda yake gama gari.

Hankalin Gluten na iya zama ma'ana mara ma'ana

Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa yawancin mutanen da suka gaskanta cewa suna da saurin maye ba sa mai da martani ko kaɗan.

Studyaya daga cikin binciken ya sanya mutane 37 tare da cututtukan hanji (IBS) da kuma jin daɗin kai tsaye game da abincin FODMAP mai ƙarancin abinci kafin a ba su alkama mai ɗaci - maimakon hatsi mai cike da alkama kamar alkama ().

Gurasar da aka keɓe ba ta da tasirin abincin a kan mahalarta ().

Binciken ya kammala cewa waɗannan mutane da ake tsammani sunadarai suna iya kasancewa mai hankali ga FODMAPs.

Ba wai kawai alkama ne mai girma a cikin wannan takamaiman nau'in carbs ɗin ba, amma FODMAPs suna haifar da alamun IBS (32,,).

Wani binciken ya goyi bayan waɗannan binciken. Ya bayyana cewa mutanen da ke da rahoton kai-da-kai sun nuna cewa ba su mayar da martani ga mai alkama ba amma ga masu shirya, nau'in FODMAPs a cikin alkama ().

Duk da yake a halin yanzu ana tsammanin FODMAPs shine babban dalilin da ya sa aka ba da rahoto game da ƙoshin lafiyayyen alkama, ba a yanke hukuncin alkama gaba ɗaya.

A cikin binciken daya, FODMAPs sune babban abin da ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutanen da suka yi imanin cewa suna da saurin maye. Koyaya, masu bincike sunyi tunanin cewa yawan kwayar cutar da ke haifar da rigakafi yana taimakawa yanayin ().

Koyaya, masana kimiyya da yawa suna tabbatar da cewa ƙwarewar alkama ko rashin haƙuri na alkama sun fi alamun da suka fi daidaito fiye da ƙoshin alkama (, 30).

Abin da ya fi haka, wasu nazarin suna ba da shawarar cewa nau'ikan alkama na zamani sun fi baƙin ciki fiye da tsoffin iri kamar einkorn da kamut (,).

FODMAPs - ba mai alkama ba - kamar dai shine babban abin da ke haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci a cikin rashin lafiyar celiac. Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ƙwarewar alkama shine sunan da yafi dacewa da wannan yanayin.

Layin kasa

Alkama da alkama suna da kyau ga wasu mutane amma ba na wasu ba.

Idan kayi mummunan sakamako ga alkama ko samfuran da ke dauke da alkama, zaka iya guje wa waɗannan abinci kawai. Hakanan kuna iya tattauna alamomin ku tare da likitan kiwon lafiya.

Idan ka yanke shawarar kauracewa alkama, zabi duk abincin da bashi da alkama. Zai fi kyau a nisantar da kayan da aka saka ba tare da alkama ba, saboda waɗannan ana sarrafa su sosai.