Menene Hyperparathyroidism da yadda za'a magance shi

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake bincike
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Hyperparathyroidism cuta ce da ke haifar da yawan haɓakar hormone PTH, wanda aka fito da shi daga ƙwayoyin parathyroid, waɗanda suke a cikin wuya a bayan ƙwanƙwasa.

Hormone PTH yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye matakan alli a cikin jini kuma, don haka, babban tasirinsa sun hada da sake dawo da alli a cikin koda, yawan shan alli daga abinci a cikin hanji, da kuma cire alli da aka ajiye a ƙashi don saki cikin jini.

Hyperparathyroidism na iya tashi ta hanyoyi 3:

• Farin jini na farko: yana faruwa lokacin da cuta na parathyroids da kansu ke haifar da ɓoye na hormone PTH, galibi saboda adenoma ko hyperplasia na waɗannan gland;
• Secondary hyperparathyroidism: yana faruwa ne sakamakon wata damuwa da ke faruwa a cikin jiki, wanda ke motsa glandon parathyroid, musamman saboda gazawar koda, wanda ke haifar da raguwar matakan alli da phosphorus a cikin yanayin jini;
• Babban hyperparathyroidism: ya fi wuya, ana bayyana shi lokacin da gland na parathyroid suka fara ɓoye ƙarin PTH da kansu, kuma suna iya bayyana bayan ɗan lokaci na hyperparathyroidism na biyu, misali.

Lokacin da aka gano, hyperparathyroidism yana buƙatar bi da sauri, saboda yana iya samun sakamako mara kyau, kamar rauni ƙasusuwa, ƙara haɗarin karaya. Bugu da kari, yawan alli a cikin jini na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin aiki na tsokoki, duwatsun koda, ƙaruwar hawan jini da sauran matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Wannan cutar tana iya warkewa yayin da ake yin tiyata don cire glandar, amma, kafin hakan, ana iya nuna magunguna waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don sarrafa alamun.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Wasu daga cikin alamun da aka fi sani da alamu a cikin yanayin hyperparathyroidism sune:

• Kashi mai lalacewa kuma tare da babban haɗarin karaya;
• Raunin jijiyoyi;
• Ci gaban duwatsun koda;
• Urgeara ƙarfin yin fitsari;
• Jin zafi koyaushe a cikin ciki;
• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Developmentaddamar da gazawar koda ko pancreatitis;
• Tashin zuciya, amai da rashin cin abinci.

Hyperparathyroidism ba koyaushe ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ba, musamman ma a matakan farko, saboda haka abu ne da za a gano wannan cuta a gwajin jini na yau da kullun, wanda ke nuna canje-canje a matakan alli na jini.

Yadda ake bincike

Ganewar cutar hyperparathyroidism an yi ta ne tare da auna ma'aunin hormone PTH, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin kowane nau'in cutar. Sannan, masanin endocrinologist zai ba da umarnin wasu gwaje-gwajen da za su taimaka wajen gano musabbabin matsalar, kamar su sinadarin calcium, wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta hyperparathyroidism ta farko kuma ta ragu a sakandare, baya ga gwaje-gwaje irin su calcium da phosphorus a fitsari, misali.

Binciken radiyo na iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar, kamar yadda yake nuna kasusuwa tare da rage karfin jini da kuma kashin baya. A cikin al'amuran da suka ci gaba sosai, wannan gwajin na iya nuna samuwar rami da yaduwar kyallen takarda da jirgi a cikin ƙasusuwa, wanda aka fi sani da "tumor mai ruwan kasa".

Bugu da ƙari, nazarin hoto na yankin wuyan, tare da duban dan tayi, scintigraphy ko hoton fuska, misali, na iya taimakawa wajen gano canje-canje a cikin cututtukan parathyroid.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Mataki na farko a cikin maganin hyperparathyroidism na farko shine gyaran matakan alli, wanda, idan aka canza su sosai, na iya zama babban dalilin alamun cutar. Don wannan, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da maye gurbin hormone, wanda aka yi musamman a cikin mata bayan sun gama al'ada, kamar yadda maye gurbin wasu kwayoyin yake taimaka wajan kula da ƙwayoyin calcium a ƙashi. Magungunan Bisphosphonate, a gefe guda, suma suna taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan sanya alli a cikin ƙasusuwa, tare da rage alli kyauta cikin jini. Bincika wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan alli a cikin jini da yadda za a magance shi.

Hakanan za'a iya nuna aikin tiyata a cikin yanayin hyperparathyroidism na farko, saboda yana cire glandon da ya kamu, yana warkar da cutar. Koyaya, yana da wasu haɗari kamar lalacewar jijiyoyin da ke kula da igiyar murya ko raguwar alama a matakan alli.

Game da kwayar cutar hyperparathyroidism na biyu, ya zama dole ayi kwatankwacin kulawa da kuma maganin raunin koda, sauya matakan bitamin D da alli, waɗanda aka rage. Magungunan Calcimimetic suna da irin wannan tasirin ga alli, yana haifar da gland don samar da ƙananan hormones. Misalin waɗannan magunguna shine cinacalcete.