Yaya Ingancin Allurar COVID-19?

Wadatacce

• Ta yaya allurar COVID-19 ke aiki?
• Yaya tasirin rigakafin COVID-19 yake?
• Menene wannan yake nufi a gare ku?
• Bita don

Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta riga ta ba da izinin rigakafin COVID-19 guda biyu a cikin Amurka don amfani da jama'a. 'Yan takarar rigakafin daga duka Pfizer da Moderna sun nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa a cikin manyan gwaje-gwajen asibiti, kuma tsarin kiwon lafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar yanzu suna fitar da waɗannan rigakafin ga talakawa.

Labari ne masu ban sha'awa - musamman bayan shafe kusan shekara guda na #cutar cutar - amma dabi'a ce kawai a sami tambayoyi game da ingancin rigakafin COVID-19 da menene, daidai, wannan yana nufin gare ku.

Ta yaya allurar COVID-19 ke aiki?

Akwai manyan alluran rigakafi guda biyu da ke samun kulawa a Amurka a yanzu: Pfizer ne ya yi, ɗayan kuma Moderna. Duk kamfanonin biyu suna amfani da sabon nau'in rigakafin da ake kira messenger RNA (mRNA).

Waɗannan allurar rigakafin mRNA suna aiki ta hanyar ɓoye wani ɓangare na furotin mai karu wanda aka samo akan saman SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Maimakon sanya kwayar cutar da ba ta aiki a cikin jikin ku (kamar yadda aka yi da maganin mura), allurar mRNA suna amfani da guntuwar furotin da aka sanya daga SARs-CoV-2 don ba da amsawar rigakafi daga jikin ku da haɓaka ƙwayoyin rigakafi, in ji kwararre kan cututtuka Amesh A. . Adalja, MD, babban malami a Cibiyar Tsaron Lafiya ta Johns Hopkins.

Jikin ku a ƙarshe yana kawar da furotin da mRNA, amma ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna da ikon kasancewa. CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bayanai don tabbatar da tsawon lokacin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka gina daga ɗayan allurar rigakafin za su daɗe. (Mai alaƙa: Menene Ainihin Sakamakon Gwajin rigakafin Coronavirus na Gaskiya?)

Wani allurar da ke saukowa daga bututun daga Johnson & Johnson. Kamfanin kwanan nan ya sanar da aikace-aikacen sa ga FDA don ba da izinin yin amfani da gaggawa na rigakafin COVID, wanda ke aiki da ɗan bambanta fiye da allurar da Pfizer da Moderna suka kirkira. Abu ɗaya, ba allurar mRNA bane. Madadin haka, maganin Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 maganin rigakafi ne na adenovector, wanda ke nufin yana amfani da kwayar cutar da ba ta aiki (adenovirus, wacce ke haifar da mura ta gama gari) a matsayin mai ɗaukar furotin don isar da sunadaran (a wannan yanayin, furotin mai karu a saman SARS. -CoV-2) wanda jikin ku zai iya ganewa azaman barazana kuma ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin rigakafi akan sa. (Ƙari a nan: Duk abin da kuke Bukatar Ku sani Game da Tallafin COVID-19 na Johnson & Johnson)

Yaya tasirin rigakafin COVID-19 yake?

Pfizer ya raba a farkon Nuwamba cewa allurar rigakafin ta “fiye da kashi 90 cikin ɗari” wajen kare jiki daga kamuwa da COVID-19. Moderna ya kuma bayyana cewa maganin sa yana da tasiri musamman kashi 94.5 wajen kare mutane daga COVID-19.

Ga mahallin mahallin, ba a sami maganin mRNA da FDA ta amince da shi ba. Jill Weatherhead, MD, mataimakiyar farfesan magunguna na wurare masu zafi da cututtuka a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Baylor ta ce "Babu lasisin mRNA masu lasisi har zuwa yau saboda wannan ita ce sabuwar fasahar rigakafin. A sakamakon haka, babu wani bayanai, kan inganci ko akasin haka, in ji Dokta Weatherhead.

Wancan ya ce, waɗannan alluran rigakafin da fasahar da ke bayan su “an gwada su da ƙarfi,” Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., farfesa a cikin sashin gwamnati kuma babban farfesa na doka a Jami'ar Cornell, wanda kwanan nan ya buga takarda kimiyya akan abubuwan da za su iya yin tasiri ga son manyan Amurkawa don samun allurar COVID-19, in ji Siffa.

A zahiri, CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa masu bincike sun yi nazarin alluran rigakafin mRNA na “shekarun da suka gabata” a farkon gwajin asibiti don mura, Zika, rabies, da cytomegalovirus (nau'in herpesvirus). Waɗannan alluran rigakafin ba su wuce matakin farko ba saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da "sakamakon kumburin da ba a yi niyya ba" da "madaidaicin martanin rigakafi," a cewar CDC. Koyaya, ci gaban fasaha na kwanan nan "ya rage waɗannan ƙalubalen kuma ya inganta zaman lafiyar su, aminci, da ingancin su," ta haka ne ya buɗe hanyar rigakafin COVID-19, a cewar hukumar. (mai alaƙa: Shin Harbin mura zai iya kare ku daga Coronavirus?)

Dangane da allurar rigakafin adenovector na Johnson & Johnson, kamfanin ya ce a cikin sanarwar manema labarai cewa babban gwajin asibiti na kusan mutane 44,000 ya gano cewa, gaba ɗaya, allurar ta COVID-19 ta yi tasiri da kashi 85 cikin ɗari na rigakafin COVID-19, tare da "cikakke" kariya daga asibiti da ke da alaƙa da COVID ”kwanaki 28 bayan allurar rigakafi.

Ba kamar allurar mRNA ba, maganin rigakafi na adenovector kamar Johnson & Johnson's ba sabon ra'ayi bane. Allurar COVID-19 ta Oxford da AstraZeneca-wacce aka amince da ita don amfani a cikin EU da Burtaniya a watan Janairu (FDA a halin yanzu tana jiran bayanai daga gwajin asibiti na AstraZeneca kafin yin la'akari da izinin Amurka,Jaridar New York rahotanni) - yana amfani da fasahar adenovirus irin wannan. Johnson & Johnson sun kuma yi amfani da wannan fasaha wajen samar da maganin rigakafin cutar Ebola, wanda aka nuna cewa yana da lafiya kuma yana da tasiri wajen samar da maganin rigakafi a jiki.

Menene wannan yake nufi a gare ku?

Fadin cewa allurar rigakafi kashi 90 (ko fiye) yana da inganci. Amma wannan yana nufin maganin hana COVID-19 ko karewa ku daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani idan kamuwa da cuta - ko duka biyu? Yana da ɗan ruɗani.

"Gwajin [Moderna da Pfizer] da gaske an tsara su don nuna inganci kan cutar da ke nuna alamun cutar, komai irin waɗannan alamomin na iya zama," in ji Thomas Russo, MD, farfesa kuma shugaban masu kamuwa da cuta a Jami'ar a Buffalo a New York. Ainihin, babban adadin tasiri yana ba da shawarar cewa zaku iya tsammanin ba za ku sami alamun COVID-19 ba bayan an yi muku cikakken allurar rigakafi (duka alluran Pfizer da Moderna suna buƙatar allurai biyu-makonni uku tsakanin harbi don Pfizer, makonni huɗu tsakanin harbi don Moderna) , in ji Dokta Russo. Kuma, idan kun yi har yanzu ci gaba da kamuwa da COVID-19 bayan allurar rigakafi, wataƙila ba za ku taɓa fuskantar mummunan ƙwayar cutar ba, in ji shi. (mai alaƙa: Coronavirus na iya haifar da zawo?)

Duk da cewa alluran rigakafin suna da "tasiri sosai" wajen kare jiki daga COVID-19, "yanzu muna ƙoƙarin gano idan su ma suna hana yaduwar asymptomatic," in ji Dokta Adalja. Ma'ana, bayanan a halin yanzu sun nuna cewa alluran rigakafin na iya rage ƙima sosai da za ku iya haifar da alamun COVID-19 (ko, aƙalla, alamun cututtuka masu tsanani) idan kun haɗu da ƙwayar cuta. Amma a halin yanzu binciken bai nuna ko har yanzu za ku iya yin kwangilar COVID-19 ba, ba ku san kuna da kwayar cutar ba, kuma ku ba da ita ga wasu allurar rigakafin.

Da wannan a zuciya, "ba a sani ba a wannan lokacin" ko allurar rigakafin za ta hana mutane yada cutar, in ji Lewis Nelson, MD, farfesa kuma kujerar likitan gaggawa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Rutgers New Jersey kuma shugaban sabis a sashen gaggawa a. Asibitin Jami'ar.

Ƙasa ta ƙasa: "Shin wannan allurar rigakafin na iya haifar da kawar da ƙwayar cutar gaba ɗaya, ko ta kare mu daga rashin lafiya? Ba mu sani ba," in ji Dokta Russo.

Hakanan, ba a yi nazarin allurar rigakafin a cikin adadi mai yawa na yara ba, kuma ba a cikin mata masu juna biyu ko masu shayarwa ba, yana mai da wahala ga likitoci su ba da shawarar rigakafin COVID-19 ga waɗannan al'ummomin a halin yanzu. Amma hakan yana canzawa, kamar yadda "Pfizer da Moderna ke yiwa yara masu shekaru 12 zuwa sama rajista," in ji Dokta Weatherhead. Duk da yake "bayanan inganci a cikin yara ya kasance ba a sani ba," "babu wani dalili na tunanin [tasirin] zai bambanta sosai fiye da abin da binciken [na yanzu] ya nuna," in ji Dokta Nelson.

Gabaɗaya, masana sun bukaci mutane su kasance masu haƙuri kuma su yi allurar lokacin da za su iya. "Waɗannan alluran rigakafin za su kasance wani ɓangare na maganin cutar," in ji Dokta Adalja. "Amma zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin su fito su ga duk fa'idodin da suke bayarwa."

Bayanai a cikin wannan labarin daidai ne har zuwa lokacin da ake bugawa. Kamar yadda sabuntawa game da coronavirus COVID-19 ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, yana yiwuwa wasu bayanai da shawarwari a cikin wannan labarin sun canza tun farkon bugawa. Muna ƙarfafa ku da ku bincika akai-akai tare da albarkatu kamar CDC, WHO, da sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida don ƙarin sabbin bayanai da shawarwari.

Bita don