Leptospirosis: menene menene, bayyanar cututtuka, dalili da kuma yadda yaduwar cuta ke faruwa

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Dalilin cutar leptospirosis
• Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa
• Abin da za a yi don hanawa
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Leptospirosis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce kwayar cuta ta kwayoyin cuta ta haifar Leptospira, wanda za a iya yada shi ga mutane ta hanyar mu'amala da fitsari da najasar dabbobin da wannan kwayar ta kamu da su, kamar beraye, galibi karnuka da kuliyoyi.

Wannan cuta na faruwa ne a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa, saboda ambaliyar ruwa, kududdufai da kasa mai danshi, fitsarin dabbobin da ke dauke da cutar na iya yaduwa cikin sauki kuma kwayoyin cutar na harbawa mutum ta jikin fatar jikinsa ko kuma raunin fata, wanda ke haifar da alamomin kamar zazzabi, sanyi, jajayen idanu, ciwon kai da jiri.

Kodayake mafi yawan lokuta suna haifar da alamun rashin lafiya, wasu mutane na iya ci gaba tare da rikitarwa masu tsanani, irin su zubar da jini, gazawar koda ko cutar sankarau, alal misali, don haka, duk lokacin da ake zargin wannan cuta, yana da muhimmanci a je wurin mai ba da maganin cutar ko babban likita don su kasance ya yi bincike kuma ya fara maganin, wanda za a iya yi tare da magungunan kashe zafin jiki da na rigakafi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kwayar cututtukan leptospirosis galibi suna bayyana ne tsakanin kwanaki 7 da 14 bayan hulda da kwayoyin, amma a wasu lokuta ba za a iya gano alamun farko na cutar ba, sai dai alamun da suka fi tsanani wadanda ke nuna cewa cutar ta riga ta kasance a wani mataki na ci gaba.

Kwayar cututtukan leptospirosis, lokacin da suka bayyana, na iya bambanta daga m zuwa mummunan alamun, kamar:

• Babban zazzabi wanda ke farawa ba zato ba tsammani;
• Ciwon kai;
• Ciwon jiki, musamman a maraƙin, baya da ciki;
• Rashin ci;
• Amai, gudawa;
• Jin sanyi;
• Jajayen idanu.

Tsakanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 7 bayan farawar alamomin, Weil triad na iya bayyana, wanda yayi daidai da alamomin guda uku wadanda suka bayyana tare kuma wadanda suke nuna tsananin tsananin cutar, kamar su jaundice, wadanda sune idanu rawaya da fata, koda gazawa da zubar jini., yafi huhu. Duba ƙarin game da alamun cutar leptospirosis.

Gwajin cutar leptospirosis ana yin ta ne daga babban likita ko cuta mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar tantance alamomi, binciken jiki da gwajin jini, kamar kidayar jini da gwaje-gwaje don tantance aikin koda, hanta da karfin daskarewa, don bincika duk wata alama ta rikitarwa. Kari akan haka, ana iya yin gwajin kwayoyin da na serological don gano kwayoyin cuta da antigens da kwayoyin da kwayoyin ke samarwa kan wannan kwayar.

Dalilin cutar leptospirosis

Leptospirosis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce kwayar cuta ta kwayoyin cuta ta haifar Leptospira, wanda zai iya cutar da beraye, musamman kuliyoyi, shanu, aladu da karnuka, ba tare da haifar da wata alama ba. Koyaya, lokacin da wadannan dabbobin suka yi fitsari ko bayan gida, zasu iya sakin kwayoyin cutar cikin muhallin, wanda zai iya kamuwa da mutane kuma ya haifar da ci gaban kamuwa da cutar.

Yadda yaduwar cutar ke faruwa

Yaduwar cutar leptospirosis ba ya faruwa daga mutum daya zuwa wani, kuma don kamuwa da cutar, ya zama dole a sadu da fitsari ko wani najasa na dabbobin da suka gurbace, kamar bera, karnuka, kuliyoyi, aladu da shanu.

NA Leptospira yawanci yakan ratsa ta cikin sassan jikin mutum, kamar su idanu da baki, ko raunuka da kuma yagewa a kan fata, kuma idan ya riga ya shiga cikin jiki zai iya kaiwa ga jini ya bazu zuwa wasu gabobin, yana haifar da bayyanar matsaloli kamar gazawar koda da zubar jini na huhu, wanda baya ga bayyana a makare shi ma suna iya zama alamar tsananin cutar.

Kasancewar yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa, ambaliyar ruwa, kududdufai ko tuntuɓar ƙasa mai danshi, datti da albarkatu na iya sauƙaƙa saduwa da fitsarin gurbatattun dabbobi da sauƙaƙe kamuwa da cuta. Wata hanyar gurbatar ita ce shan giyar gwangwani ko cinye kayayyakin gwangwani da suka shiga cikin fitsarin bera. Koyi game da wasu cututtukan da ruwan sama ke haifarwa.

Abin da za a yi don hanawa

Don kare kanka da kauce wa leptospirosis, ana ba da shawarar a guji haɗuwa da yiwuwar gurɓataccen ruwa, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, laka, koguna tare da tsayayyen ruwa da wurin ninkaya waɗanda ba a kula da su da chlorine. Lokacin da ya zama dole don fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa zai iya zama da amfani don amfani da galoshes na roba don kiyaye bushewar fata da kariya mai kyau daga gurɓataccen ruwa, saboda wannan dalili:

• Yi wanka da kashe kwayoyin cuta tare da bilicin ko kuma sinadarin chlorine, kayan daki, akwatin ruwa da duk abin da ya yi mu'amala da ambaliyar;
• Yi watsi da abincin da ya shiga ma'amala da gurɓataccen ruwa;
• Wanke dukkan gwangwani kafin buɗe su, ko dai don abinci ko abin sha;
• Tafasa ruwa don ci da shirya abinci da sanya digo 2 na bilicin a cikin kowace lita ta ruwa;
• Yi ƙoƙari ku kawar da duk wuraren tara ruwa bayan ambaliyar saboda yawaitar dengue ko sauro malaria;
• Ka yi ƙoƙari kada ka bari datti ya taru a gida ka saka shi a cikin jakunkuna masu rufewa kuma nesa da bene don hana yaɗuwar ɓeraye.

Sauran matakan da ke taimakawa wajen rigakafin wannan cutar koyaushe a yi amfani da safar hannu ta roba, musamman yayin sarrafa shara ko yin shara a wuraren da ke da beraye ko wasu beraye da wanke abinci sosai kafin a sha da ruwan sha da kuma hannaye kafin ci.

Bugu da kari, a wasu yanayi, ana iya nuna amfani da kwayoyin cuta don hana kamuwa, wanda ake kira chemoprophylaxis. Gabaɗaya, maganin Doxycycline yana daidaitacce, ana nuna shi ga mutanen da suka kamu da ambaliyar ruwa ko tsabtace rami, ko ma ga mutanen da har yanzu za su iya fuskantar halaye masu haɗari, kamar atisayen soja ko wasannin ruwa, misali.

Yadda ake yin maganin

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya yin magani a gida tare da amfani da magunguna don sauƙaƙe alamomin, kamar paracetamol, ban da shaƙuwa da hutawa. Magungunan rigakafi kamar Doxycycline ko Penicillin likita na iya ba da shawara don yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, duk da haka tasirin maganin rigakafi ya fi girma a cikin kwanaki 5 na farkon cutar, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a gano cutar da zarar alamun farko na kamuwa da cutar bayyana. Bincika ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da maganin Leptospirosis.

A cikin mu kwasfan fayiloli, Marcela Lemos na kimiyyar lissafi, ya bayyana ainihin shakku game da leptospirosis: